基于电子商务平台的食用菌市场分析

信息时代背景下,电商网络已经无处不在,深入到了人们生活的方方面面,融入了生活的各个细节,影响着人们的生活习惯和生活方式。转变销售战略、拓展食用菌电子商务思路,是当前食用菌生产企业的当务之急。     

Up-regulation of miR-181a attenuates releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV,fibronectin and α-SMA in human bronchial epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of microRNA-181a (miR-181a) on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced the productions of pro-inflammatory factors and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). METHODS: CSE-induced miR-181a expression was detected by RT-qPCR in the HBECs. After tansfected with miR-181a mimic, the releases of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured by ELISA, the protein expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA was determined by Western blot. The activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway was also evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: CSE increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1 and the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA, and decreased the expression of miR-181a in the HBECs (P<0.05). However, transfected with miR-181a mimic partially prevented the releases of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1, and inhibited the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA (P<0.05). Additionally, the activation of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 evoked by CSE was attenuated after transfected with miR-181a mimic. CONCLUSION: Up-regulation of miR-181a prevents the releases of CSE-induced pro-inflammatory factors and expression of collagen IV, fibronectin and α-SMA in the HBECs, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.     

混播比例对三江源人工草地植被和土壤养分特征的影响

建植混播人工草地是修复三江源黑土滩退化草地的有效措施，但不同混播比例下植被和土壤养分特征的变化尚不明确。以垂穗披碱草、中华羊茅和青海草地早熟禾分别按1∶1∶1（M₄），2∶1∶1（M₅），1∶2∶1（M₆），1∶1∶2（M₇），2∶2∶1（M₈），2∶1∶2（M₉）和1∶2∶2（M₁₀）建植混播人工草地，并以各组分单播为对照，研究生产力、物种多样性、超产效应、多样性净效应（包括互补效应和选择效应）和土壤养分特征的变化，并采用多准则决策模型-TOPSIS进行综合评价，以筛选最佳混播比例，以期为三江源退化草地生态修复提供科学依据。结果表明：混播处理地上生物量显著高于中华羊茅和青海草地早熟禾单播的生物量，但显著低于垂穗披碱草单播处理，混播处理地上生物量在M₅、M₈、M₉和M₁₀处理较高。而地下生物量在混播处理间无显著差异。混播处理中，仅M₅、M₈、M₉和M₁₀处理存在超产，达40.4~71.1 g·m^-2。M₄和M₆处理的多样性净效应均小于0，说明由于物种竞争导致群落减产。而M₇~M₁₀混播处理的多样性净效应均大于0，说明物种生态位的互补使得群落高产。M₈和M₉处理中互补效应和选择效应共同主导了超产效应，而M₅和M₁₀处理中主要由互补作用主导超产效应。表层土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾含量在M₆、M₇和M₁₀混播处理中较高。TOPSIS模型综合评价表明，M₁₀混播处理不但可保持较高的生产力，还可显著提高土壤的养分含量，是三江源区人工草地建植的理想混播比例。     

Captopril exerts myocardial protective effect in coronary microembolization rats by inhibiting oxidative stress injury and alleviating inflammatory response

AIM: To investigate the effects of captopril (CAP) on oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response induced by coronary microembolization (CME) and its related molecular mechanisms. METHODS: The rat model of CME was established by clamping the rat artery and injecting blood microemboli. The rats were divided into control group, CME group and CME+CAP group, with 6 rats in each group. The myocardial tissues of each group were collected. The changes of myocardial structure and the degree of inflammatory response were analyzed by HE staining. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The fluorescence intensity of cleaved caspase-3 was detected by immunofluorescence obervation. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were determined by Western blot. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase was measured by ELISA. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DHE fluorescence staining. RESULTS: CAP significantly reduced the myocardial structural changes (P<0.05), inflammatory cell infiltration (P<0.01), number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (P<0.01), the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax (P<0.01), and ROS production levels (P<0.01), but promoted the activity of antioxidant markers SOD and catalase (P<0.01) in the CME rats.CONCLUSION: CAP attenuates CME-induced myocardial injury by resisting oxidative stress and alleviating inflammatory response.     

产气荚膜梭菌α-β2-ε毒素融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达及免疫原性研究

为研究产气荚膜梭菌α、β、ε3种主要外毒素的免疫原性,构建基因亚单位多价疫苗,本研究通过PCR分别扩增α-β2及ε3种毒素基因,分别克隆于p Pro HTa载体中构建重组表达质粒p Pro-α-β2-ε,并转化大肠杆菌进行这3个目的基因的融合表达。SDS-PAGE分析显示,表达的α-β2-ε毒素融合蛋白大小约90 ku,主要以包涵体形式存在。将其免疫BALB/c小鼠后,分别利用A型和B型产气荚膜梭菌强毒素对免疫鼠进行攻毒,并测定免疫鼠血清中抗体对毒素的中和活性。结果表明,免疫鼠对A型和B型产气荚膜梭菌毒素1 LD100和2 LD100的攻毒保护率分别为100%和60%以及100%和80%。体外中和试验显示,免疫鼠血清稀释为1∶20时,对1 LD100A型和B型产气荚膜梭菌毒素的中和效率均可达到100%。以上结果表明,本研究制备的α-β2-ε融合蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,能够有效刺激机体产生中和抗体,可以作为基因工程疫苗的有效组分,为产气荚膜梭菌多价候选亚单位疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒重组N蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,本研究以原核表达的重组N蛋白作为检测抗原,优化ELISA反应条件,建立了PEDV间接ELISA抗体检测方法。该方法仅对PEDV血清检测为阳性,对猪传染性胃肠炎、猪轮状病毒感染猪的阳性血清检测结果均为阴性;其批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数均小于10%。采用建立的ELISA方法检测了130份临床样品,其中78份血清样品为PEDV抗体阳性。表明建立的以重组N蛋白为包被抗原检测PEDV血清抗体的方法可以用于检测PEDV感染及相关的流行病学调查。     

A5-13杨、A5-17杨木材材性测定

以A5-13杨、A5-17杨等6个杨树种、品种(系)为试验材料,对基本密度、气干密度、干缩系数、纤维长度、纤维宽度及综纤维素含量进行了测定,结果表明:A5-13杨、A5-17杨属于木材密度中等的品系,基本密度均为0.36 g·cm-3,气干密度分别为0.43 g·cm-3、0.42 g·cm-3;体积干缩系数分别为0....     

Effect of hypercapnia on lysyl oxidase-dependent collagen cross-linking and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rat

AIM: To investigate the effect of hypercapnia on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and the changes of lysyl oxidase (LOX) and extracellular matrix collagen cross-links in the rat. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normoxia group, hypoxia group, hypercapnia group and hypoxia+hypercapnia group. LOX activity was detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry. LOX protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The mRNA expression of LOX in the pulmonary artery was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The levels of mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), RV/(LV+S) and WA/TA in hypoxia group were significantly higher than those in normoxia group (P<0.01). Moreover, the levels of mPAP and RV/(LV+S) in hypoxia+hypercapnia group were significantly lower than those in hypoxia group (P<0.01). However, no significant difference of mPAP and RV/(LV+S) between hypercapnia group and normoxia group was observed. In hypoxia group, the collagen cross-links in the lung tissue was significantly higher than that in normoxia group and hypercapnia group (P<0.01). Importantly, collagen cross-links in the lung tissue of hypoxia+hypercapnia group was significantly lower than that in hypoxia group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in collagen cross-links between hypercapnia group and normoxia group. The expression of LOX at mRNA and protein levels and its activity in the pulmonary arteries of hypoxia group were significantly increased as compared with normoxia group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the expression of LOX at mRNA and protein levels and its activity in the pulmonary arteries in hypoxia+hypercapnia group were lower than those in hypoxia group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Hypoxia not only up-regulates LOX but also promotes collagen cross-linking in the rat lung, which contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension. Hypercapnia inhibits hypoxia-induced LOX expression and collagen cross-linking, therefore impairing the progress in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.     

实践与经验:MTA学员科研水平的提升路径

MTA是一种新型的旅游学位教育,学员拥有实践经验,但文献分析等文字方面的能力相对较弱.文章基于文献综述认为,目前有关MTA的研究成果数量少,成果性不强,有待于开展这方面的深入研究.除课程与评价指标建设外,为提高MTA学员的科研能力,笔者基于导师立场,结合几年来MTA教育的实践经验,认为可在以下5个方面做努力,即导师要有反思意识;明确针对学员的科研指标;与学员共同撰写期刊论文;确保对其毕业论文的修改字数;毕业后仍可有学术合作等.文章在最后简略给出了6位学员的情形案例,以验证文章给出的措施具有参考价值.     

抗菌类药物的热值测定

采用氧弹式量热计对12种抗菌类药物的热值进行了测定。结果表明,12种抗菌类药物的热值15.63~25.40 k J/g,其中,阿莫西林克拉维酸钾热值最小,盐酸左氧氟沙星胶囊热值最大。