菊花绿变病植原体在中国的发生及分子鉴定

对内蒙古农业大学校园内表现花器绿变症状的菊花样品进行采集和DNA提取,应用植原体16S rRNA基因和rp基因的引物进行巢式PCR扩增,从感病样品中分别扩增得到了长度均约为1.2 kb的片段。序列一致性分析表明,菊花绿变植原体16S rRNA基因与翠菊黄化植原体匈牙利风信子株系(GenBank登录号MN080271)、印度玉米株系(KY565571)、印度繁缕株系(KC623537)和印度马铃薯株系(KC312703)的核酸一致性最高,为99.9%,rp基因序列与翠菊黄化植原体立陶宛洋葱株系(GU228514)的核酸一致性最高,为99.8%。基于16S rRNA基因和rp基因构建系统进化树时发现,菊花绿变植原体均与16SrI-B亚组成员聚为一起。16S rRNA基因相似性系数分析表明,菊花绿变植原体与洋葱黄化植原体(AP006628)的相似性系数最高为1.00,洋葱黄化植原体(AP006628)在分类上属于16SrI-B亚组。因此,我们可以确定该菊花绿变植原体属于16SrI-B亚组。这是我国首次报道菊花绿变病的发生。     

Attachment and growth of vegetative propagules of Chondria crassicaulis Harvey (Ceramiales,Rhodophyta) under various culture conditions

The red alga Chondria crassicaulis has a wide‐ranging bioactive chemical composition and is used as a local foodstuff, representing a potentially new cultivar in Korea. The cultivation techniques were developed by examining the monthly changes in frond weight in a field population of C. crassicaulis from November 2016 to October 2017. For seedling production, temperature and irradiance effects on the attachment and growth of vegetative propagules of C. crassicaulis were evaluated. In addition, effects of day length and salinity on the propagule growth were examined. C. crassicaulis is a year‐round species with a maximum frond wet weight of 817 mg observed in July 2017, as seawater temperature increases to 20°C. The attachment of vegetative propagules was significantly affected by temperature and irradiance, with maximal values detected at 20–25°C and 60 µmol photons m^?2 s^?1. The relative growth rates of vegetative propagules of C. crassicaulis were the highest at 20–25°C, 60 µmol photons m^?2 s^?1, and a salinity of 25 psu. In conclusion, due to its tremendous tolerance under variable environmental conditions, the vegetative propagules of C. crassicaulis can be used as seedlings for mass cultivation.     

川西高山树线交错带海拔梯度上土壤有机碳稳定性特征

高山树线交错带是高海拔地带对环境变化最为敏感的生态系统之一，土壤有机碳库及其稳定性在生态系统变化中具有显著指示作用。通过物理-化学方法对土壤不同活性有机碳进行连续分级分离，研究土壤有机碳不同组分在海拔环境梯度下分布特征及稳定性。结果表明，高山树线交错带土壤有机碳主要集中在物理分级组分（≥0.02 mm），且粒径越大有机碳含量越高，即主要以颗粒态有机碳形式存在，占比均高于98%；在<0.02 mm有机-无机复合体中有机碳采用化学分级分离，这部分有机碳占比低于土壤总有机碳2%，且主要以腐殖质（胡敏素）形式存在（占土壤总有机碳0.6%~0.8%），腐殖质占有机碳比例远低于一般土壤；随着海拔升高，土壤有机碳总量上升，颗粒态有机碳（物理分级组分）比例升高，胡敏素类腐殖质比例下降。因此，川西高海拔树线交错带的高寒土壤有机碳，主要以不稳定有机碳（POC）形式存在，随着温度上升（海拔降低）将导致土壤矿质化和腐殖化加剧，有机碳总量下降，土壤不稳定性组分（物理分级组分）降低，土壤稳定性（腐殖化比例）上升。     

有机肥部分替代化肥氮对叶菜产量和环境效应的影响

针对叶菜类蔬菜有机肥氮替代化肥氮的最佳替代比例及对经济效益和环境效应综合评价较缺乏等问题,本研究采用田间试验,对包心菜和小青菜进行等氮水平下不同比例有机肥替代化肥处理,包括:纯化肥氮(0M),25%、50%、75%和100%有机肥替代化肥(25%M、50%M、75%M和100%M),研究不同处理下蔬菜产量、经济效益、土壤氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放。结果表明, 25%M处理下包心菜和小青菜产量均达最高,且与0M处理相比包心菜和小青菜的产量分别增加15.0%(P0.05)和16.3%(P0.05)。25%M比0M处理经济效益分别增加11.7%和5.4%,但在50%M、75%M和100%M处理下经济效益为负增长。25%M处理下,氨挥发累积排放量在包心菜和小青菜季分别为42.1kg·hm~(-2)和12.9kg·hm~(-2),比0M处理分别降低23.4%(P0.05)和41.6%(P0.05); 0M和25%M处理间氧化亚氮累积排放量无显著差异, 25%M处理在包心菜和小青菜季的氧化亚氮累积排放量分别为0.74 kg·hm~(-2)和3.06 kg·hm~(-2);与25%M处理相比, 50%M、75%M和100%M处理下氧化亚氮排放分别增加33.7%～60.8%(P0.05)、50.0%～134.3%(P0.05)和56.8%～185.6%(P0.05)。基于此,提出叶菜类蔬菜有机肥氮替代化肥氮的适宜替代比例在25%左右时可实现最佳的增效减排效果。     

水稻红色稻米恢复系红恢13的选育

为优质特色水稻品种(红色稻米)的选育提供亲本来源,贵州省农业科学院水稻研究所以同质红米恢复系R937为母本,与优质水稻恢复系黔恢085杂交,经过8个世代选育,成功育出优质特色水稻品种红色稻米恢复系红恢13。该恢复系具有恢复力强、配合力高、穗大、花粉量足及制种产量高等特点,其稻米品质经农业部食品质量监督检验测试中心武汉分中心检测达国标3级。2019年8月通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会专家鉴定。     

Effect of carbon rate and type amended with ammonium or nitrate on nitrous oxide emissions in a strong ammonia oxidation soil

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The work aimed to (1) better understand how C rate and type affecting N2O emissions when combined application with different N forms in a strong ammonia oxidation...     

Growth Responses and Differences in Gene Expression depending on Cultivation Temperature between Alternative type Wheat Varieties

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Two domestic wheat varieties were grown in the growth chamber set at 17°C, 20°C, 23°C and 26°C on average after the emergence of...     

Dynamics of apoptosis-related gene expression during follicular development in yak

The potential reproduction power of domestic animals is limited by a complicated follicular atresia process. P53, caspase-9 (Casp9), Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas play a crucial role in the ovarian mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis and death receptor pathway. In accordance with this study, the expression levels of Casp9, Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas were analysed in ovaries and oviducts of yak by immunohistochemistry (IHC). P53 and the above in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from atretic (3–6 mm) to healthy follicles (6–8 mm) and in oviducts were examined from the luteal phase to the follicular phase during the oestrous circle by Western blot (WB) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results demonstrated that typical classic apoptotic factors Casp9, Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas were expressed in the cytoplasm and zonal pellucida of oocytes, primordial follicles, primary follicles, ovarian surface epithelium, ovarian GCs, granular lutein cells, surface epithelia in oviduct uterotubal junction and oviduct ampulla during the luteal phase. RT-PCR and WB revealed that P53 and Fas significantly increased in GCs of atretic follicles. P53 and Casp9 increased in oviduct epithelium during the luteal phase, but Fas was unchanged. A contrary tendency was noted in Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Overall, P53 and Fas play an essential role in inducing GC apoptosis, and Bax, Bcl-2, Casp9 and P53 are involved in oviduct epithelial regeneration in yak.     

Sporophytic photosynthesis and gametophytic growth of the kelp Ecklonia stolonifera affected by ocean acidification and warming

Juvenile sporophytes and gametophytes of Ecklonia stolonifera were incubated in combinations of three pCO₂ levels (360, 720 and 980 ppmv) and two temperatures (10 and 15°C for sporophytes; 15 and 20°C for gametophytes) to examine potential effects of climate change on photosynthesis and growth. Sporophytes had significantly higher maximum quantum yields (F_v/F_m) and maximum relative electron transport rates (rETR_max) at 720 ppmv than 360 and 980 ppmv. Also, these parameters were significantly lower at higher temperature of 15°C than at 10°C. Growth of female gametophytes was maximal at 360 ppmv rather than enriched pCO₂ levels. Female gametophytes had significantly lower growth at higher temperature of 20°C than at 15°C. These results indicate effects of elevated pCO₂ varied between generations: stimulating sporophytic photosynthesis and inhibiting gametophytic growth. Ocean acidification and warming would constitute a grave threat to seedling cultivation of E. stolonifera caused by growth inhibition of gametophytes at high pCO₂ levels and temperatures.