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1.
选取泌乳天数、体重、产奶量相近的荷斯坦高产泌乳牛340头,随机分为试验组和对照组两组,每组170头。试验时间共28d,对照组全期饲喂全混合配方日粮(TMR),试验组分四阶段进行,每阶段7d,分别饲喂以10%、20%、30%、40%粉碎大麦粉替代玉米的TMR。结果发现:随着大麦粉替代玉米比例的增加,试验组采食量呈现下降趋势,其中30%、40%替代期采食量极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);与对照组相比,大麦粉替代不同比例玉米对奶牛产奶量影响不一致,20%、30%替代期产奶量增加0.4、0.3kg/d,10%、40%替代期分别下降0.6、0.7kg/d,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验组10%、40%替代期乳脂率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而20%、30%替代期乳脂率与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组10%替代期乳蛋白率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而30%、40%替代期显著低于对照组(P<0.05),20%替代期乳蛋白率较对照组下降0.012个百分点,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中用大麦粉替代20%比例的玉米饲喂奶牛,在不影响采食量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率情况下可提升产奶量并降低饲养成本,从而提高经济效益,为最佳替代比例。 相似文献
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蜡梅花是重要的天然花香原料。采用顶空—固相微萃取和气相色谱—质谱联用技术(HS–SPME–GC–MS)结合感官审评,分析了采摘后蜡梅花摊放过程中挥发性物质的变化规律。结果表明,离体蜡梅花在摊放过程中开放状态变化不明显,花枝经清水培养,花苞到全开状态历经32 h左右。全开状态蜡梅花的挥发性物质种类随摊放时间的延长呈先增加后降低的趋势,摊放12 h最多,此时出现了酮类、醛类和酚类;大部分挥发性物质相对含量在摊放20 h后降低。主要挥发性物质乙酸苄酯在摊放12 h达峰值,较0 h增加35.04%;4–乙基苄醇和α–罗勒烯呈现先增加后降低的趋势;α–罗勒烯在摊放4 h后急剧增加,20 h达最大值;芳樟醇、别罗勒烯和2,6–二甲基–2,4,6–辛三烯在摊放24 h内呈降低趋势,分别较0 h下降了18.32%、78.92%和41.19%。结合感官审评与GC–MS分析结果可知,全开状态的蜡梅花采摘后离体摊放20 h内能较好地保持花香的鲜灵度和浓郁度,且在12 ~ 20 h之间挥发性物质种类丰富,具花果香的挥发性物质相对含量较高。研究结果可为蜡梅花作为天然花香原料的更有效利用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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为了培育辣椒壮苗,在潮汐灌溉模式下筛选适合辣椒穴盘育苗的营养液,探讨不同营养液在辣椒穴盘育苗上应用的可行性,以国塔166为试材,以草炭、蛭石(体积比3∶1)为栽培基质,进行试验研究。试验采用6种营养液配方,通过测定株高、茎粗、干鲜质量、壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、光合参数、根系活力、根系形态等指标,筛选最优营养液配方。结果表明:Arnon和Hoagland 番茄配方处理辣椒幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上鲜质量、地上干质量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、壮苗指数、根尖数等指标均最高,其中壮苗指数分别较日本山崎番茄、Hoagland和Arnon、华南农业大学、Rothamsted、日本山崎甜椒配方高出44.44%、62.50%、30.00%、116.67%、62.50%。综上可知,Arnon和Hoagland 番茄配方是潮汐灌溉模式下辣椒穴盘育苗的最佳配方。 相似文献
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ZHENG Qiang YANG Yuan-zheng CHEN Zhi-lin ZHENG Pan-pan CHEN Pei-ying SUN Guang-xiao LIU Jian-li 《园艺学报》2018,34(9):1696-1700
AIM:To investigate the effect of endothelin-1 on inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS:Healthy non-smokers (30 cases), healthy smokers (30 cases) and COPD patients (29 cases) were collected and induced to produce sputum. The concentration of endothelin-1 in the induced sputum was detected. The model of emphysema was established by cigarette smoke extract to stimulate SD rats. Endothelin A receptor antagonist BQ123 and non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan were used to intervene with the model rats. The experiment was divided into control group, cigarette-treated group, selective antagonist group and non-selective antagonist group. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 in the lung tissue were determined by Western blot. Gelatin zymography was used to analyze the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in the lung tissue. The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. The bioantioxidant power (BAP) was detected by BAP assay kit. RESULTS:The concentrations of endothelin-1 in induced sputum of healthy smokers and COPD patients were significantly higher than that of healthy non-smokers (P<0.05), and the level of endothelin-1 in COPD patients was significantly higher than that in healthy smokers (P<0.05). The levels of cleaved caspase-3, MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α and IL-1β in the lung tissues from cigarette-treated group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The endothelin A receptor antagonist significantly inhibited the levels of cleaved caspase-3, MMP-2, MMP-9, TNF-α and IL-1β (P<0.05). The serum BAP in cigarette-treated group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). However, endothelin A receptor antagonist significantly increased serum BAP (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Endothelin-1 may play an important role in the development and progression of COPD through regulating apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinase activity, inflammation and oxidative stress. 相似文献
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Xiang ZHANG Qiu-zhi RUI Pan-pan LIANG Chen-hua WEI Guo-qiang DENG Yuan CHEN Yuan CHEN Zhao-di DONG De-hua CHEN 《农业科学学报》2018,17(9):1991-1998
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alternating high temperature on Cry1Ac protein content on Bt cotton cultivars Sikang 1(SK-1,a conventional cultivar)and Sikang 3(SK-3,a hybrid cultivar).In 2011 and 2012,cotton plants were subjected to high temperature treatments ranging from 32 to 40℃ in climate chambers to investigate the effects of high temperature on boll shell insecticidal protein expression.The experiments showed that significant decline of the boll shell insecticidal protein was detected at temperatures higher than 38℃ after 24 h.Based on the results,the cotton plants were treated with the threshold temperature of 38℃ from 6:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m.followed by a normal temperature of 27℃ during the remaining night hours(DH/NN)in 2012 and 2013.These treatments were conducted at peak boll growth stage for both cultivars in study periods of 0,4,7,and 10 d.Temperature treatment of 32℃ from 6:00 a.m.to 6:00 p.m.and 27℃ in the remaining hours was set as control.The results showed that,compared with the control,after the DH/NN stress treatment applied for 7 d,the boll shell Cry1Ac protein content level was significantly decreased by 19.1 and 17.5% for SK-1 and by 15.3 and 13.7% for SK-3 in 2012 and 2013,respectively.Further analysis of nitrogen metabolic physiology under DH/NN showed that the soluble protein content and the glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)activities decreased slightly after 4 d,and then decreased sharply after 7 d.The free amino acid content and the protease content increased sharply after 7 d.The changes in SK-1 were greater than those in SK-3.These results suggest that under DH/NN stress,boll shell Cry1Ac protein content decline was delayed.Reduced protein synthesis and increased protein degradation in the boll shell decreased protein content,including Bt protein,which may reduce resistance to the cotton bollworm. 相似文献
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为更加准确判识小流域地貌发育阶段,以黄土高原综合治理小流域——陕西省淳化县泥河沟流域和乾县枣子沟流域为例,分别应用盒分维方法和Horton分维方法进行水系分维值的计算,并利用面积高程积分和地貌信息熵进行验证。结果表明,泥河沟和枣子沟流域水系盒分维值分别为1.886和1.827。根据Strahler曲线积分值和地貌信息熵方法验证结果表明,盒分维方法计算的水系分维值对流域地貌发育阶段的判识更加准确、可靠;这2个流域地貌处于侵蚀发育阶段的壮龄期,其生态敏感性整体上处于较低水平,生态环境抗干扰能力增强并趋于更加稳定的状态。 相似文献