沉淀法制备的紫杉醇白蛋白微粒包封率测定

采用沉淀法制备紫杉醇白蛋白微粒,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定紫杉醇质量浓度,以二氯甲烷为有机相,采用萃取法分离白蛋白微粒与游离药物,测定其包封率。结果表明:紫杉醇在10~100 mg·L-1范围内线性良好,平均回收率可达到97.6%~101.0%;有机溶剂萃取法测定紫杉醇白蛋白微粒包封率的平均回收率,达94.80%~101.67%。这种方法测定紫杉醇白蛋白微粒回收率准确可靠,适用于沉淀法制备的白蛋白微粒的包封率测定。     

农业工程科技创新推进农业绿色发展

农业绿色发展是农业发展观的一场深刻革命。该文全面论述了农业工程科技创新对农业绿色发展的重要作用,深入分析了中国在农业资源利用、产地环境治理、生态系统保育和农产品绿色供给等方面取得的成效和存在的问题。提出了围绕农业绿色发展,农业资源监测、水土资源利用、农业投入品使用、农业机械化和农业废弃物资源利用等农业工程科技创新的前沿进展和主攻方向。从强化农业绿色发展理念、建立技术创新与推广体系、完善标准体系和加强政策支持4个方面提出了政策建议。该文可为农业绿色发展背景下农业工程科技研发提供重要的指导和参考。     

加格达奇市黄芪种植地土壤形态描述及适宜性分析

黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)因其药用价值高近年来被大量、无节制采挖,致使野生黄芪资源几近枯竭。探究黄芪适宜生长的土壤,将为人工驯化黄芪提供一定的科学依据。本研究以加格达奇市连续多年人工种植黄芪的土壤为研究对象,系统分析了2个典型土壤剖面的形态特征及土壤养分。结果表明：表层土壤结构疏松,孔隙度较大,土壤颜色较深,干态为黑棕色,润态为黑色;淀积层及母质层土壤结构坚实,孔隙度较小,土壤颜色随着层次加深,颜色逐渐变黄、变棕。表层土壤质地肥沃,多以壤土为主;表层有机质含量高,分别为122.07、110.09 g/kg,占其整个土壤剖面有机质含量的52%和82%,土壤剖面有机质随土层深度的增加呈现一个骤降的趋势;表层土壤全氮含量较高,分别为6.58、8.87 g/kg,而土壤全磷含量较低,主要分布于土壤表层,表层土壤的全磷含量分别为0.07、1.01 g/kg,土壤酸碱度在pH 5.11~6.35之间。黄芪适应生长土壤质地疏松,土壤温度状况为寒冻性、土壤水分状况为湿润,土壤肥沃,表层土壤有机质含量高,全氮含量也较高,而全磷含量较低,土壤呈弱酸性至中性。     

Periplaneta americana peptide decreases apoptosis of pig-ovary granulosa cells induced by H2O2 through FoxO1

Oxidative stress can induce apoptosis of granulosa cells and lead to follicular atresia, thereby reducing the number of pigs giving birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Periplaneta americana peptide (PAP) on the apoptosis of the granulosa cells of pig ovaries (PGCs) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) via FoxO1. PGCs were treated with H₂O₂ to establish a cell apoptosis model. Cell viability was measured using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and nitric oxide (NO) content were detected to reflect the oxidative stress. Western blotting, qRT-PCR and overexpression were undertaken to determine the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3, and immunofluorescence was used to detect FoxO1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. PGCs were treated with 100 μM H₂O₂ for 6 hr, which resulted in oxidative damage and apoptosis and an apoptosis rate for PGCs of 32.95%. Next, PGCs were treated with 400 μg/ml PAP for 24 hr to repair the apoptosis induced by H₂O₂. PAP improved cell viability in H₂O₂-stimulated PGCs, the increased MDA level and NO content caused by H₂O₂ stimulation were reversed and the apoptotic rate of PGCs was reduced. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results indicated that PAP decreased the H₂O₂-induced apoptosis and the expression of FoxO1 and caspase-3 in PGCs. The effect of PAP was the same following FoxO1 overexpression. FoxO1 was expressed in the nucleus when stimulated by H₂O₂ or overexpression; however, it migrated to the cytoplasm following PAP treatment. PAP decreased the apoptosis of PGCs induced by H₂O₂ by regulating FoxO1 expression and nuclear translocation.     

热风干燥下半干面含水率变化规律

半干面作为一种新型面制品，具有口感好和保质期长等优点。脱水干燥是半干面生产过程中最重要的工序之一，干燥方式和条件的选择直接影响着半干面的品质。利用热风干燥方式设计的恒温恒湿干燥系统通过对温湿度及风速等参数的设置，具有良好的干燥效果。通过对1.0×570和1.5×360和1.7×510 3种规格半干面在不同干燥条件下进行脱水干燥，得出3种规格半干面的含水率变化曲线。经过数据对比与分析，可知在干燥时间为22 min左右时，每一种规格的半干面均能达到含水率要求（22%～26%）。结论表明:在相同干燥条件下，直径接近，长度较短的半干面达到含水率要求所需干燥时间较短。该试验通过探究半干面含水率变化规律，为半干面的生产提供了一定的参考意义。      

固态发酵醋糟饲料对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究固态发酵醋糟饲料(SFVD)对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清指标及粪便中挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量的影响。选择体况相近[(59.04±0.33)kg]的健康“杜×长×大”三元杂交生长育肥猪60头,随机分为2个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg土霉素钙,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+5%的SFVD。预试期6 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪平均日采食量(ADFI)具有一定的促进趋势(P=0.056);显著降低了育肥猪饲粮中干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、有机物(OM)和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P<0.05),对粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率有一定的促进趋势(P=0.052);显著提高了育肥猪血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.055和P=0.077);显著提高了育肥猪粪便中丙酸含量(P<0.05),粪便中甲酸和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量也呈现出一定的升高趋势(P=0.071和P=0.054)。由此可见,基础饲粮中添加5%的SFVD对育肥猪生长性能、肠道健康及免疫性能的提高具有潜在的促进作用。     

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">pax3a</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">pax3b</Emphasis> genes in artificially induced polyploid and gynogenetic olive flounder (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>) during embryogenesis

Although chromosome set manipulation techniques including polyploidy induction and gynogentic induction in flatfish are becoming increasingly mature, there exists a poor understanding of their effects on embryonic development. PAX3 plays crucial roles during embryonic myogenesis and neurogenesis. In olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), there are two duplicated pax3 genes (pax3a, pax3b), and both of them are expressed in the brain and muscle regions with some subtle regional differences. We utilized pax3a and pax3b as indicators to preliminarily investigate whether chromosome set manipulation affects embryonic neurogenesis and myogenesis using whole-mount in situ hybridization. In the polyploid induction groups, 94 % of embryos in the triploid induction group had normal pax3a/3b expression patterns; however, 45 % of embryos in the tetraploid induction group showed abnormal pax3a/3b expression patterns from the tailbud formation stage to the hatching stage. Therefore, the artificial induction of triploidy and tetraploidy had a small or a moderate effect on flounder embryonic myogenesis and neurogenesis, respectively. In the gynogenetic induction groups, 87 % of embryos in the meiogynogenetic diploid induction group showed normal pax3a/3b expression patterns. However, almost 100 % of embryos in the gynogenetic haploid induction group and 63 % of embryos in the mitogynogenetic diploid induction group showed abnormal pax3a/3b expression patterns. Therefore, the induction of gynogenetic haploidy and mitogynogenetic diploidy had large effects on flounder embryonic myogenesis and neurogenesis. In conclusion, the differential expression of pax3a and pax3b may provide new insights for consideration of fish chromosome set manipulation.     

大豆饲料产品中主要抗营养因子含量的检测与分析

本试验旨在应用间接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法以及色谱法测定不同加工工艺的大豆饲料产品中主要大豆抗营养因子大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子以及大豆中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的含量。采用ELISA试剂盒对国内257份大豆制品中大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量进行检测与分析;利用离子色谱建立了大豆产品中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的灵敏、准确的同步测定法,并对国内92份大豆制品中寡糖含量进行检测与分析。结果表明:发酵豆粕、膨化大豆、大豆浓缩蛋白和大豆分离蛋白中大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量相对较低;本试验所建立的离子色谱同步测定大豆中蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖的方法具有灵敏度和准确性高、重现性好的优点,适用于大豆寡糖的测定;通过对实际样品的检测和分析,发现发酵豆粕和大豆分离蛋白中3种大豆寡糖含量均相对较低。本试验所得到不同加工工艺的大豆产品中主要抗营养因子含量的相关数据将为大豆在畜禽饲料中的高效利用提供很好的技术支撑。     

美国银杏的研究现状

银杏于１７８４年由英国引种到美国，美国有２０多个州栽植或研究银杏。美国对银杏生长发育，雄株品种，营养繁殖，基生树瘤，组织培养，性型表达，人工栽培，叶用成分及抗病虫机理等方面均有研究。     

山东省针叶树(球果类)引种驯化及评价

树木的引种驯化是增加林木种质资源的一种传统育种方法。山东省有记载的针叶树引种历史应追溯到19世纪末至20世纪初,在20世纪50年代和70年代分别出现两个引种高峰期,分别占引种种质的26.5%和21.5%。山东有计划的科学引种针叶树种约30个,其中银杏科1个属1个种,19份种质;松科5个属39份种质;杉科4个属5份种质;柏科3个属3个种质,共计66份种质,其中松科种质占总引种种质59.09%,而松属种质占松科种质79.49%。从1978~2006年省林业厅鉴定或获奖的项目中针叶树遗传改良占4.77%,审(认)定品种占总数量5.22%。建议:(1)强化针叶树引种驯化策略;(2)明确引种驯化程序、标准和关键技术;引种驯化与种质创新相结合;(3)重视乡土树种驯化及开发。本文对针叶树引种驯化与遗传改良进行了评价。