山东省针叶树(球果类)引种驯化及评价

树木的引种驯化是增加林木种质资源的一种传统育种方法。山东省有记载的针叶树引种历史应追溯到19世纪末至20世纪初,在20世纪50年代和70年代分别出现两个引种高峰期,分别占引种种质的26.5%和21.5%。山东有计划的科学引种针叶树种约30个,其中银杏科1个属1个种,19份种质;松科5个属39份种质;杉科4个属5份种质;柏科3个属3个种质,共计66份种质,其中松科种质占总引种种质59.09%,而松属种质占松科种质79.49%。从1978~2006年省林业厅鉴定或获奖的项目中针叶树遗传改良占4.77%,审(认)定品种占总数量5.22%。建议:(1)强化针叶树引种驯化策略;(2)明确引种驯化程序、标准和关键技术;引种驯化与种质创新相结合;(3)重视乡土树种驯化及开发。本文对针叶树引种驯化与遗传改良进行了评价。

Introduction, domestication and valuation on conifers in Shandong province

Tree species introduction and domestication is a tradition breeding method to increase tree germplasm.The reported introduction and domestication of conifer in Shandong province should be traced back to the late 19th century and the beginning of 20th century,and two fastigiums was presented in 1950s and 1970s,which accounted for 25.6% and 21.5% of the introduced conifer. The species number of conifer introduced premeditatedly in Shandong is about 30,i.e.19 germplasms in Ginkgoaceae;39 germplasms in 5 genus of Pinaceae;5 germplasms in 4 genus of Taxodiaceae;3 germplasms in 3 genus of Cupressaceae,altogether 66 germplasms were introduced.,among which Pinaceae gemplams accounted for 59.09%,and Pinus germplasms accounted for 79.49%.Conifer genetic improvement project occupies 4.77% of all projects that have been appraised or given prize by the Shandong Forestry Bureau,and cultivars that are approved or certificated occupy 5.22%.It is proposed that we should enhance the strategy of conifer introduction and domestication,and make clear the procedure,standard and key techniques of introduction;and integrate introduction and domestication with germplasms innovation.We also advise to attach great importance to the domestication and exploitation of native conifer.In the paper,appraisal of introduction and domestication and genetic improvement of conifer was undertaken.