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1.
For better understanding wood hardness, we developed a new hand-operated hardness tester that works with Brinell's method. With this tester we investigated the hardness distribution of wood minutely using a 2mm diameter ball tip. The following results were obtained: (1) On preliminary examination with medium-density fiberboard, we found that the value of Brinell's hardness decreased with the increase in the tip ball's diameter but that it was almost constant with the indenting velocity. (2) By using a small diameter tip, the difference of the hardness became clearer between earlywood and latewood. (3) With radial and tangential sections, we obtained hardness distribution patterns similar to those of wood grain. It seems that the hardness distribution reflects the distribution of density on wood surfaces. 相似文献
2.
To find plus tree clones of Cryptomeria japonica that are heterozygous for a male-sterility gene (Aa), we crossed a homozygous male-sterile tree (aa) with 63 clones. Male sterility in this case is controlled by a recessive allele at a single gene locus and is expressed only in homozygotes. All F1 seedlings obtained by crossing the male-sterile mother tree and 62 out of the 63 clones produced pollen. In contrast, F1 seedlings obtained from the crossing between the male-sterile mother tree and a plus tree clone, Ohara 13, produced 64 male-sterile individuals and 52 fertile individuals. The segregation ratio fitted the expected 1 : 1 ratio according to a chi-square test. These results clearly demonstrate that the Ohara 13 clone is heterozygous for a male-sterility gene. 相似文献
3.
Tetsuji Ota Tsuyoshi Kajisa Nobuya Mizoue Shigejiro Yoshida Gen Takao Yasumasa Hirata Naoyuki Furuya Takio Sano Raul Ponce-Hernandez Oumer S. Ahmed Heng Sokh Vuthy Ma Eriko Ito Jumpei Toriyama Yukako Monda Hideki Saito Yoshiyuki Kiyono Sophal Chann Nang Ket 《Journal of Forest Research》2015,20(6):484-492
4.
A. Hirata T. SakaiK. Takahashi T. SatoH. Tanouchi H. SugitaH. Tanaka 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(7):1280-1288
There is an increasing need to restore natural hardwood forests in landscapes dominated by monocultural conifer plantations. A convenient restoration approach is to exploit natural regeneration processes. Natural regeneration, however, is affected by diverse interacting factors, for which better understanding is required, in order to optimize restoration programs. To identify optimal management practices for improving natural regeneration of hardwood trees in coniferous plantations, we examined the effects of multiple factors on the abundance of seedlings, small saplings and large saplings (height <0.3, 0.3-1.3 and ?1.3 m, respectively) of hardwood tree and shrub species in both line thinned (LT) and unthinned (UT) plantations of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) and hardwood forests (HF) in central Japan. The effects of management practices (number of the times of weeding and cleaning, thinning method, years after thinning and forest age), environment (slope position, slope angle and canopy openness), and landscape conditions (distance from nearest hardwood forest, altitude and landuse before planting) on the number of hardwood individuals were examined by using the data obtained from the LT plantations. We also compared hardwood density between LT and UT plantations to examine the effect of line thinning. Finally, we examined species composition of LT plantations and HF to identify hardwood forest components in the thinned plantations. The effects on hardwood regeneration of environmental conditions, landscape factors and management practices applied in the plantations varied, depending on the size class and life form of the regenerating species. The abundance of large saplings of tall tree species was affected by several management factors, especially number of the times of weeding. Landscape conditions (distance from the nearest hardwood forest and altitude) affected the abundance of small saplings and seedlings of tall tree species, but not the other classes. Seedlings and small saplings of many tall tree species that contribute to hardwood forest canopies were less abundant in the LT plantations. The results show that numerous factors affect the establishment and abundance of naturally regenerating hardwood tree species, and suggest that successful establishment during early plantation stages can have long-lasting effects on natural regeneration of tall tree species. 相似文献
5.
6.
Summary Capsaicin contents were measured in the progenies from the test crosses between the strain, G5S17 derived from fruit with the graft-induced change in fruit shape and the original two cultivars, Yatsubusa (Capsicum annuum L. var fasciculatum
Ilish) and Spanish Paprika (C. annuum L. var. grossum
Sendt) used for grafting.The strain, G5S17 contained a lower amount of capsaicin than the original pungent cultivar Yatsubusa used as scion. The characteristic of the lowered capsaicin content in the strain has been stably inherited through seed propagation, and has also been transmitted to the progenies from the crosses with the original two cultivars used for scion or stock. These features in the capsaicin content agreed with those in fruit shape in the graft-induced change. 相似文献
7.
The heritability of tolerance of wheat F3 lines to competition from annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), and its relationship to morphological traits, were determined using crosses between wheat cultivars with good and poor
competitive ability. Forty F2-derived F3 lines from a cross between two late flowering varieties (Machete × Spear) and 40 from a cross between early flowering varieties
(Wilgoyne × Gutha) were grown in the field with and without annual ryegrass. There was significant genetic variation between
lines within each of the two populations in a number of aspects of plant growth and development, including yield in monoculture.
The estimates of heritability for % yield loss due to competition were 0.25 and 0.57 in the two crosses respectively, indicating
that selection for high tolerance to competition in the F3 generation or later should be effective. Fairly strong relationships between height and % yield loss and between leaf length
and % yield loss suggest that these may be useful auxiliary traits when selecting for low % yield loss. However, differences
between crosses in the magnitude and sign of genetic and phenotypic correlation between traits indicate that competitive ability
is a complex character influenced by many factors.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Hoy-Taek Kim Yutaka Hirata Yong-Uk Shin Hae-Sung Hwang Jeong-Hwan Hwang Il-Sheob Shin Dae-Il Kim Sang-Jo Kang Hyun-Jung Kim Dong-Young Shin Ill-Sup Nou 《Euphytica》2004,138(1):73-80
The pear cultivar ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ (S2Ssm
4; sm = stylar-part mutant) has been used as a parent to breed self-compatible cultivars that produce excellent fruits. However,
determination of the self-compatibility of ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ offspring requires a lot of time, 6 years or more, by conventional
cross breeding. We have designed a rapid reliable method for the identification of self-compatible varieties of ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’
offspring based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with S-allele specific
restriction endonucleases. By using this method, 8 self-compatible varieties were selected among 16 selections resulting from
a cross between the self-compatible cultivar ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ (S2Ssm
4) and the self-incompatible cultivars ‘Niitaka’ (S3S9), ‘Whasan’ (S3S5), ‘Chuwhangbae’ (S4S6). The S-genotypes of 16 ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ offsprings were also determined.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Yukako Ogiri Fang Sun Shoko Hayami Aki Fujimura Kinue Yamamoto Maki Yaita Shosuke Kojo 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(1):227-229
The biological activity of L-dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), which is easily formed from L-ascorbic acid (ASC) during storage and cooking processes, has been considered to be equivalent to that of ASC on the basis of studies made several decades ago, when a specific method to determine ASC was not available. The nutritional activity of orally ingested DHA has now been evaluated by comparing ASC concentrations in 12 tissues of rats administered four different doses of ASC. Determinations were made by using the specific and sensitive method, which had been developed by us. Here it is shown that the efficiency of DHA was almost 10% of that of ASC on a molar basis, based on animal experiments using the inherently scorbutic ODS rat, which is a convenient human model animal to investigate the metabolism of vitamin C. On the basis of these findings, it is proposed that it is necessary to reevaluate the nutritional requirement of vitamin C based on both ASC and DHA contents of foods. 相似文献
10.
Methane emissions from different vegetation zones in a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mitsuru Hirota Yanhong Tang Shigeki Hirata Wenhong Mo Shigeru Mariko 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(5):737-748
We measured methane (CH4) emissions in the Luanhaizi wetland, a typical alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, during the plant growth season (early July to mid-September) in 2002. Our aim was to quantify the spatial and temporal variation of CH4 flux and to elucidate key factors in this variation. Static chamber measurements of CH4 flux were made in four vegetation zones along a gradient of water depth. There were three emergent-plant zones (Hippuris-dominated; Scirpus-dominated; and Carex-dominated) and one submerged-plant zone (Potamogeton-dominated). The smallest CH4 flux (seasonal mean=33.1 mg CH4 m−2 d−1) was observed in the Potamogeton-dominated zone, which occupied about 74% of the total area of the wetland. The greatest CH4 flux (seasonal mean=214 mg CH4 m−2 d−1) was observed in the Hippuris-dominated zone, in the second-deepest water area. CH4 flux from three zones (excluding the Carex-dominated zone) showed a marked diurnal change and decreased dramatically under dark conditions. Light intensity had a major influence on the temporal variation in CH4 flux, at least in three of the zones. Methane fluxes from all zones increased during the growing season with increasing aboveground biomass. CH4 flux from the Scirpus-dominated zone was significantly lower than in the other emergent-plant zones despite the large biomass, because the root and rhizome intake ports for CH4 transport in the dominant species were distributed in shallower and more oxidative soil than occupied in the other zones. Spatial and temporal variation in CH4 flux from the alpine wetland was determined by the vegetation zone. Among the dominant species in each zone, there were variations in the density and biomass of shoots, gas-transport system, and root-rhizome architecture. The CH4 flux from a typical alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was as high as those of other boreal and alpine wetlands. 相似文献