Isolation of Streptococcus cuniculi from corneal lesion in laboratory-raised mice

Corneal lesions appearing as white mass beneath intact epithelium, with ocular discharge in one mouse, was observed in a batch of laboratory-raised BALB/c mice (n=9 of 56). The affected mice remained active, well-groomed and had normal appetite. Isolates recovered from swab cultures of the external and internal contents of the eye had partial 16S rRNA gene sequence of 99.1% similarity to Streptococcus cuniculi. No previous report of S. cuniculi infection in laboratory rodents has been presented. The isolate was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. We suggest S. cuniculi is an opportunistic bacteria in laboratory mice but are uncertain of its source. Our findings revealed that S. cuniculi is able to colonize laboratory mice and should be considered when mice present with eye lesion or ocular discharge.     

桑树中的1-脱氧野尻霉素含量变化规律研究

综合桑品种、桑树生长季节、桑树不同药用部位以及桑叶的不同发育阶段等因素探讨桑树(Morus L.)体内1-脱氧野尻霉素(1-deoxynojimycin,1-DNJ)的积累规律,期望发掘富含1-DNJ的生物资源。利用反相高效液相色谱法测定了18个代表性桑品种的摘芯芽和2个桑品种全年不同季节、不同发育时期的桑叶以及不同季节桑枝皮中1-DNJ的含量,并测定了与桑树亲缘关系相近的构树(Broussonetia papyrifera L.)等7种植物中的1-DNJ含量。在18个供试桑品种的摘芯芽中,1-DNJ含量以秋雨和沙2×伦教109最高,质量分数均达0.328 0%左右,黄鲁的1-DNJ含量最低。农桑14号和陕桑305两个桑品种冬、春季不同发育时期桑叶中的1-DNJ含量以冬芽最高,质量分数分别达到0.345 3%、0.255 7%,在开叶期和叶片成熟期较高,在缓慢生长期较低;不同季节桑叶中1-DNJ的含量均是嫩芽>嫩叶>成熟叶>老叶,其中嫩芽和嫩叶中1-DNJ含量以晚秋最高,成熟叶中以夏季最高,而老叶中的1-DNJ含量以春季最高;桑枝皮中1-DNJ的含量以中秋和晚秋期较高,夏季最低。测定的7种非桑属植物均不含1-DNJ。结果说明桑树是富含1-DNJ的主要植物资源,其中在桑园管理过程可以大量获得的桑树摘芯芽以及桑树伐条剪下的桑枝(桑皮)中均富含1-DNJ,具有重要的开发利用价值。     

溶胀剂U预处理对真丝织物性能及丝纤维结构的影响

为利用溶胀剂的膨化和分纤作用提高真丝织物的接枝增重率和改善织物的性能,采用不同浓度的溶胀剂U对真丝织物进行预处理,再以甲基丙烯酰胺(MAA)为单体,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂对真丝织物接枝增重。选择体积分数为10%的溶胀剂U对真丝织物进行预处理,丝纤维直径由11.90μm增加至14.24μm,起到了较好的膨化和分纤作用,织物的强力、折皱回复角、白度损失也较小。与未进行预处理的真丝织物相比,用10%溶胀剂U预处理后真丝织物的接枝增重率提高,织物的强力、折皱回复角、白度得到改善。真丝织物经10%溶胀剂U预处理后进行丝纤维微观结构形貌表征:红外光谱(IR)显示丝纤维仍保持着β-折叠结构;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测到丝纤维表面覆盖的聚合物减少,横截面变粗,直径变大,出现分纤现象和微孔特征;X-射线衍射分析表明丝纤维的结晶度提高。     

长三角平原水网区城郊循环农业圈层模式研究

依据循环理念和长三角平原水网地区自身特点,以协调农业生产、环境保育和社会发展关系,促进城郊农业的和谐发展为目标,建立了长三角平原水网区循环农业圈层发展模式。在系统调查分析和圈层建设基础上,对该模式进行了集成熟化,探索并突出了圈层搭建的主要技术环节和应用参数。本模式为以城乡为中心构建同心圆的圈层循环农业发展模式,包括城乡结合部为第1圈层的旱稻模式,以蚕桑、苗木、经济林等多年生农林产业及水产畜牧业为主的第2圈层的"种养加"模式,以及以优质高产粮油、蔬菜生产基地为主的第3圈层规模农业模式。研究显示,该模式中的循环生产链结具有良好农业生产应用前景,利用园林地稻田湿地系统接纳生活污水技术,预计长三角地区每年30多亿t农村生活污水将得以接纳,可极大地缓解地区水体环境负荷。该模式组装集成畜禽粪便分散式土地处理、农业秸秆基质化、蚯蚓堆肥等技术要点,具有良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。该模式运行良好,具有重要的理论和实践推广意义。     

Protective effect of vitamin C and lycopene on the in vitro fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm by inhibiting the oxidative stress

The fertilization capacity of sex-sorted sperms is seriously decreased, which inhibits its wide application. However, little information is still available about the effect of vitamin C (VC) and lycopene (Lyc) on the fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm. In this study, the washing medium and fertilization medium of sex-sorted sperm from three bull individuals were supplemented with different concentrations of VC (0, 1 × 10^–3, 1 × 10^–4, 1 × 10^–5, 1 × 10^–6 M) or Lyc (0, 1 × 10^–4, 1 × 10^–5, 1 × 10^–6, 1 × 10^–7). After washing twice and incubation for 1.5 hr, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, membrane potential (Δψm) and IVF (in vitro fertilization) ability of sex-sorted sperm were investigated. For the sex-sorted sperm of bulls A, B and C, 1 × 10^–3 M VC or 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc treatment significantly decreased their MDA levels and PS translocation and increased their Δψm levels and cleavage rates after IVF. When blastocysts were concerned, 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc significantly improved the blastocyst rates and their IFN-tau expression of bulls A and C. In conclusion, supplementation of 1 × 10^–3 M VC or 1 × 10^–4 M Lyc in washing and fertilization medium contributed greatly to improving the fertilization capacity of sex-sorted bull sperm during IVF procedure.     

室内模拟实验研究中国北方不同管理方式对土壤固碳潜力的影响

Soil has been identified as a possible carbon(C) sink for sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_2).However,soil organic carbon(SOC) dynamics in agro-ecosystems is affected by complex interactions of various factors including climate,soil and agricultural management practices,which hinders our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.The objectives of this study were to use the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator(APSIM) model to simulate the long-term SOC dynamics under different management practices at four long-term experimental sites,Zhengzhou and Xuzhou with double cropping systems and Gongzhuling and Uriimqi with single cropping systems,located in northern China.Firstly,the model was calibrated using information from the sites and literature,and its performance to predict crop growth and SOC dynamics was examined.The calibrated model was then used to assess the impacts of different management practices,including fertilizer application,irrigation,and residue retention,on C dynamics in the top 30 cm of the soil by scenario modelling.Results indicate a significant SOC sequestration potential through improved management practices of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application,stubble retention,and irrigation.Optimal N fertilization(N_(opt)) and 100%stubble retention(R100) increased SOC by about 11.2%,208.29%,and 283.67%under irrigation at Gongzhuling,Zhengzhou,and Xuzhou,respectively.Soil organic carbon decreased rapidly at(U|¨)rumqi under irrigation,which was due to the enhanced decomposition by increased soil moisture.Under rainfed condition,SOC remained at a higher level.The combination of N_(opt) and R100 increased SOC by about 0.46%under rainfed condition at Uriimqi.Generally,agricultural soils with double cropping systems(Zhengzhou and Xuzhou) showed a greater potential to sequester C than those with single cropping systems(Gongzhuling and(U|¨)r(u|¨)mqi).     

家蚕预蛹粉对糖尿病模型小鼠的降血糖效果试验

利用变态发育至预蛹期的家蚕制备预蛹粉及脱脂预蛹粉,并添加至饲料中饲喂四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病模型小鼠,观测小鼠血糖值及基本生理状况和主要脏器指数的改变。试验组糖尿病模型小鼠饲喂添加5%家蚕预蛹粉的饲料后,其"三多一少"症状有显著改善,肝脏指数、肾脏指数和血糖浓度均极显著降低,脾脏指数极显著提高,其中空腹血糖(FBG)比对照模型组小鼠下降20.38%,餐后血糖(PBG)下降39.07%;饲喂添加5%脱脂预蛹粉饲料的糖尿病模型小鼠,其控制血糖效果明显低于预蛹粉添加组。试验组糖尿病模型小鼠饲喂添加1%、5%和10%预蛹粉的饲料后的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c)均极显著低于对照模型组小鼠,分别降低了31.39%、45.89%和54.42%;5%和10%预蛹粉添加组模型小鼠的血清C肽极显著高于对照模型组小鼠,分别增加了18.97%和29.31%。试验结果显示,家蚕预蛹粉能有效控制糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖水平,并改善小鼠的基本生理状况和脏器指数,但总体效果略低于拜糖平添加组;脱脂后的家蚕预蛹粉的降血糖效果显著降低,提示其降血糖活性分子可能存在于脂溶性物质中。     

结缕草肉桂醇脱氢酶基因家族全基因组序列鉴定和表达分析

肉桂醇脱氢酶(cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, CAD, EC 1.1.1.195)是植物木质素合成途径的关键酶,通过消耗NADPH,将松柏醛等复杂醛转化成相应的醇单体,在植物生长发育过程和逆境应答中起到重要作用。本研究从结缕草基因组中鉴定获得了16个肉桂醇脱氢酶(ZjCAD)基因,对其进行了系统进化与基因结构的生物信息学分析。半定量PCR分析显示5个ZjCAD基因在叶片中特异表达,木质素染色结合不同种源材料ZjCAD基因的表达分析进一步表明ZjCAD6的表达与叶片木质素含量正相关,提示ZjCAD6可能为控制结缕草叶片木质素合成的关键基因。ZjCAD6基因全长2736 bp,有3个内含子和4个外显子,开放阅读框为1074 bp,编码357个氨基酸。ZjCAD6蛋白含有两个Zn²⁺结合位点与一个NADP(H)结合结构域,与已报道的其他植物具催化活性的CAD蛋白特征一致。上述结果为进一步研究结缕草叶片木质素含量及其机械强度等性状形成的分子机理提供了重要的参考。     

干旱条件下葡萄叶片气孔导度和水势与节位变化的关系

【目的】研究干旱条件下葡萄叶片气孔导度和水势随叶片节位变化的规律及其机理。【方法】利用3005F01植物水势测定仪和SC-1气孔计测量不同干旱程度下葡萄主梢各节位叶片气孔导度和水势。【结果】浇水良好的条件下,葡萄叶片气孔导度随叶片节位的升高而升高,且两者有很好的线性关系;轻度干旱可导致上部节位叶片气孔导度大幅度下降,而下部节位叶片气孔导度变化不大,叶片水势随着节位上升而提高;和轻度干旱相反,严重干旱时,叶片气孔导度随叶片节位的升高而下降,叶片水势仍然随着叶片节位的升高而上升,两者呈现出明显的线性关系。【结论】浇水良好的条件下,叶片气孔导度和叶片水势没有相关性;不同节位叶片对干旱的响应敏感度存在明显的差异,这种差异和叶片水势的变化及其反馈调节有密切的联系。     

茶香月季新品种‘醉红颜’

 ‘醉红颜’是以‘巨型美地兰’ב第一玫瑰红’为亲本育成的茶香月季新品种,花亮粉色, 重瓣,平均花径为13.9 cm,香气浓郁,对黑斑病有一定抗性,适宜以北京气候特点为主的华北地区庭院 栽培。