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我国循环农业发展模式分类研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
从产业发展目标、产业空间布局两个方面对国内循环农业模式进行分类,并简述了不同模式的物质循环特点。国内基于产业发展目标的循环农业模式主要分为生态农业改进型、农产品质量提升型、废弃物资源利用型和生态环境改善型4类;基于产业空间布局的循环农业模式可从微观层面、中观层面、宏观层面划分,其中宏观层面又可分为生态村镇型循环农业发展模式和区域型循环农业产业化模式。最后提出我国循环农业发展模式分类研究的展望。 相似文献
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以绿色农业理念为基础,针对河西走廊绿洲灌区环境资源特点、产业优势及生产中存在的问题,通过对当地玉米、小麦两大主栽作物秸秆饲料化利用、肉牛健康养殖、废弃物综合利用、农畜产品生产全程质量监控等技术的组装配套,研究总结形成种养结合、资源循环利用、清洁生产的绿色农业发展模式,即种养结合型模式"玉米-牛-沼-肥"、大田设施配套型模式"小麦-菇-肥-果(葡萄)"、小型养殖场型模式"牛-沼/蚯蚓-肥/饲料",并对模式的原理、特点、技术集成要点及效益进行阐述分析。对该3种模式在武威市凉州区谢河镇示范验证,农田节水30%,秸秆养殖利用率达到60%,牛羊良种化率提高30%,奶牛母犊牛生产率达88%,减少化肥施用量20%,减少生活能源支出55%,减少农业废弃物排放75%,提高农业综合效益36%。 相似文献
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安徽省循环农业发展典型案例研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
安徽省根据循环经济的理念和自身农业发展特点,建立循环农业模式,充分协调经济发展与生态环境之间的关系,以实现农业可持续发展。本文对安徽省发展循环农业的情况进行了系统研究,总结和分析了安徽省典型循环农业模式:淮南毛集实验区循环农业模式、砀山梨生产循环利用模式、临泉县"林-草-牧-沼-菌"模式,在此基础上提出了适合安徽省的循环农业发展模式:立体农业模式、生态链转换模式、农业产业链延伸模式和观光旅游模式。 相似文献
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湖北省循环农业模式 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
湖北省农业在长期的生产实践中,建立了基于物质循环的传统农业循环模式,这种模式在局部地区已演化为资源节约和环境友好型现代农业生产方式。在实地调查的基础上,将湖北省循环农业分为立体高效降耗、种养结合、农产品加工产业链耦合和农村生态家园4种类型,共包括16种模式。并根据自然资源禀赋和发展现状,将全省循环农业发展分为5个区域,分别为武鄂黄城郊循环农业区、鄂东低山丘陵循环农业区、江汉平原循环农业区、鄂北岗地循环农业区和鄂西山地循环农业区,根据各区的经济、环境及农业特点,提出了相关的循环农业发展模式,以期分区指导湖北省现代循环农业发展,实现农业可持续发展。 相似文献
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有机农业遵循自然规律和生态学原理,发展有机农业是实现循环经济的重要途径之一。本文阐述了有机农业与循环经济的关系,并详细分析了有机农业的循环发展模式,提出了促进有机农业发展的措施。 相似文献
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上海市川东农场探索出解决环境污染的资源化利用,做到投入品减量化使用,达到全程清洁化生产,最终实现无害化处理,为畜牧养殖场提供清洁能源,为无公害稻麦生产提供优质有机肥的农业循环新模式,实现了经济效益、生态效益、和社会效益协同提高。为促进该模式的推广应用,介绍了该循环模式的主要内容,总结了相关经验。 相似文献
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河南省产业链延伸型循环农业模式研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在我国当前大力发展循环农业的背景下,如何因地制宜选择循环农业的发展模式,探索相应的运行机制和管理体制,实现生态、经济和社会可持续协调发展,是我国发展循环农业的重要内容。本文论证了河南省产业链延伸型循环农业选择的必要性,并对其运行机制进行了剖析,结合鹤壁市发展循环农业的经验,提出了明确政府和市场责任边界、开发推广有效技术和多方利益主体共同参与的循环农业保障措施。 相似文献
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珠江三角洲典型地区表层农田土壤中多氯联苯残留状况 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
采集了珠江三角洲典型区域384个表层农田土壤样品,分析了其中常见6种土壤多氯联苯(PCB28、PCB52、PCB101、PCB138、PCB 153与PCB180)的残留状况.研究结果表明:6种多氯联苯总量(Σ6PCBs)的检出率为78.13%,其平均值为0.42 μg/kg. PCB138的检出率与含量高于其他5种PCBs;土壤中6种多氯联苯的残留状况存在很大的差异;PCB101的检出率最低,仅为10.16%,但其平均值(0.11 μg/kg)较高,主要源于某点位PCB101高达32.44 μg/kg,土壤受到了严重污染.线性相关关系分析结果表明:土壤有机质、黏粒含量则与PCB52存在显著正相关关系.总体而言,低氯代的PCBs含量与土壤理化性质具有一定的相关性,高氯代的PCBs呈现典型的点位污染且在点位土壤中其含量显著高于低氯代同系物. 相似文献
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长江三角洲地区地表水污染的模式与对策 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
On the basis of field investigations, observations and experimental data combined with environmental monitoring information, the status and the spatial and temporal patterns of surface water pollution over thepast ten years in the Yangtze River Delta have been assessed. The water quality of large rivers is still verygood but most of the medium-sized and small rivers have been very seriously polluted. The appearance of black and odorous conditions in rivers in the urban areas has increased due to serious pollution by organic matter with consequent high oxygen demand. Annual increases in N and P concentrations in lakes haveaccelerated eutrophication. The water quality of rivers in small towns is rapidly deteriorating. The mainsources of surface water pollution include industrial and domestic sewage, animal manures, chemical fertilizersin farmland, and polluted sediments in rivers and lakes.Counter measures against these sources of pollution are presented. Regional laws and regulations for protection of surface waters and their enforcement are urgently required. A regional water environmental management agency should be established. The construction of sewage treatment plants of varying capacity must be accelerated to increase the proportion of sewage treated and to improve the quality of treated effluent. Animal wastes must be recycled effectively and efficiently, and the application rates of fertilizers and manures must be balanced with crop nutrient requirements to prevent diffuse pollution from agriculture. The comprehensive rehabilitation of medium-sized and small rivers should be intensified, and the delimitation and protection of the areas used as sources of drinking water should be strengthened. 相似文献
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长江三角洲地区城市污泥中多氯联苯和有机氯农药含量与组分研究 总被引:17,自引:5,他引:17
对我国长江三角洲地区15个主要城市的46个污泥中的多氯联苯(PCBs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量与组分进行了较系统的分析,结果表明,该地区城市污泥中PCBs的含量在0~0.720mg/kg之间,平均为0.076mg/kg,大部分低于0.1mg/kg,仅2个样品中PCBs含量超过我国农用城市污泥的控制标准(0.2mg/kg)。污泥中PCBs组分以PCB44检出量最高,PCB180、PCB99、PCB52、PCB74、PCB77和PCB167次之;供试城市污泥中OCPs的含量在0~0.426mg/kg之间,平均为0.055mg/kg,大部分低于0.05mg/kg。OCPs以o,p’-DDT检出量最高,其次为p,p’-DDE、β-HCH、δ-HCH、α-HCH、γ-HCH、p,p’-DDD和p,p’-DDT。该地区城市污泥中PCBs和OCPs的含量、组分和分布与污泥类型、污水来源、污水处理工艺及化合物本身的理化性质等有关。 相似文献
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Surface water quality of factory-based and vegetable-based peri-urban areas in the Yangtze River Delta region,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
QingLi Zhang XueZheng Shi Biao Huang DongSheng Yu I. Öborn K. Blombäck HongJie Wang T.F. Pagella F.L. Sinclair 《CATENA》2007
Detailed surveys of surface water in two contrasting peri-urban areas in the Yangtze River Delta region of China were conducted to determine the distribution of heavy metals, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) as well as the speciation of N and P. A factory-based (FB) area was compared with a vegetable-based (VB) area during the dry season. The concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water in the FB area were higher than those in the VB area, suggesting modest contamination of surface water with Zn, Cu, Cr and Pb but not Cd, from discharge of factory effluent in the FB area but not the VB area. Although total N (TN) and total P (TP) levels in the surface water were high in both areas, the surface water in the VB area had significantly higher levels of nitrate N (NO3–N), organic N (ON) and TN than those in the FB area. In both areas, the levels of water-soluble P (WP), organic P (OP) and TP were high in the river water that received municipal wastewater. The distribution of N and P species throughout the surface water system indicated that the NO3–N and ON mainly came from vegetable fields, while ammonium N (NH4–N), WP and OP were mainly from municipal wastewater. Treatment of municipal wastewater prior to discharge to reduce N and P by purification is recommended together with research and extension to develop more efficient use of N and P fertilizer by vegetable farmers. 相似文献
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[目的]对长江三角洲生态系统服务价值进行分析及趋势预测,以期为该区未来城市发展以及制定生态环境建设补偿政策提供支持。[结果]以长江三角洲16个地市2000—2014年的土地利用数据和相关统计资料为数据源,采用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算方法,参照修正后的生态系统单位面积生态服务价值系数,结合敏感性分析,探讨生态系统服务价值的时空演化规律,并利用马尔科夫模型对其未来3a的发展趋势进行了预测分析。[结果]区域生态系统总服务价值从2000年的1 303.89亿元减少到2014年的1 294.25亿元,变化率为-0.74%,水源涵养、废物处理和娱乐文化生态系统服务功能价值上升;在空间上,常州、南京、宁波、泰州、台州、扬州的生态系统服务价值不断增加,而其他城市的则处于下降趋势;对长江三角洲2015和2017年的土地利用构成和生态系统服务价值进行预测,呈现耕地、林地持续减少,建设用地持续增加的趋势,生态系统总服务价值将减少276.65亿元。[结论]在未来土地调整中应更多地考虑到生态服务价值的重要意义,格外注意对耕地、水域的保护,控制建设用地占用耕地和林地,继续加大植树造林力度,提高土地利用集约度,维持生态系统的功能。 相似文献
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长江三角洲地区污泥中多环芳烃的污染研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
To ascertain the contaminated conditions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sludge and to evaluate the risk of application of this sludge for agricultural purposes, 44 sludge samples obtained from 15 cities in the Yangtze River Delta area of China were investigated using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after ultrasonic extraction and silica gel cleanup. PAHs' contents ranged from 0.0167 to 15.4860 mg kg^-1 (dry weight, DW) and averaged 1.376 mg kg^-1, with most samples containing 〈 1.5 mg kg^-1. Pyrene (PY), fluoranthene (FL), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IND), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP) were the most dominant compounds, ranging from 0.1582 to 0.2518 mg kg^-1. Single PAH, such as naphthalene (NAP, 2-benzene rings), phenanthrene (PA, 3-benzene rings), PY (4-benzene rings), and FL (3-benzene rings), had high detection rates (76.1%-93.5%). The distribution patterns of PAHs were found to vary with the sludge samples; however, the patterns showed that a few compounds with 2- and 3-benzene rings were commonly found in the samples, whereas those with 4-, 5-, and 6-benzene rings were usually less commonly found. All the 44 sludge samples were within the B[a]P concentration limit for sludge applied to agricultural land in China (〈 3.0 rag kg^-1). The probable sources of PAH contamination in the sludge samples were petroleum, petroleum products, and combustion of liquid and solid fuel. The concentrations and distributions of the 16 PAHs in sludge were related to sludge type, source, and treatment technology, together with the physicochemical properties. 相似文献
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长江三角洲地区土地利用方式变化的特征及其过程 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
As one of the developing countries China has an arable land per capita far below the world‘s average level.With a high-density population an the quick development of economy and urbaniztion,the Yangtze River Delta shows the typical characteristics of land use in developed regions of China,which are:high land reclamation rate and low arable land per capita;intensive land use and high output value;and rapid increasing of construction land area and fast diminishing of arable land.The analysis indicates that the process of the arable land changes in the Yangtze River Delta could be divided into four different change stages over the past 50 years. 相似文献