油菜素内酯及配施外源钙对日光温室越冬茬番茄生长、坐果及产量的影响

为检验油菜素内酯(BR)的应用效果,采用大田试验的方法,研究不同浓度BR及其配施外源钙对日光温室越冬茬番茄生长、生理特性变化、坐果及产量的影响。结果表明,在试验浓度范围内,高浓度BR处理对番茄前期株高生长起到一定的抑制作用;适宜浓度的BR处理使株高增加。高浓度BR处理使番茄叶片MDA含量显著增高,且降低可溶性糖含量;适宜浓度的BR处理可降低番茄叶片MDA含量和相对电导率,增加番茄叶片的脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量,提高番茄的叶绿素含量。高浓度的BR处理会抑制番茄坐果,降低番茄第1花序的产量;适宜浓度的BR处理可提高番茄各层花序的坐果率,提高番茄产量。BR配施外源钙处理对番茄前期生长、生理指标优化、提高番茄坐果率和产量的加成效应不明显。综上,BR配施外源钙处理的效果不显著,适宜浓度的BR可以单独在日光温室越冬茬番茄生产上应用,以提高番茄的抗逆性和产量。     

液态地膜对绿地土壤理化特性的影响

针对城市绿地紧实、结构差、保水保肥性能差等问题,以孔雀草为供试材料,研究液态地膜对土壤物理、化学性质及植株生长量的影响.结果表明,施用液态地膜120 d后,土壤容重降低18.5％、通气孔隙度提高22.2％、土壤最大持水量提高26.2％、土壤毛管持水量提高24.8％、毛管孔隙度提高5.7％;水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾含量与对照处理相比分别提高了17.7％、17.7％和19.7％;孔雀草生物量显著高于对照,地上部干重是对照的1.20倍.可见,施用液态地膜能够较好地改良土壤物理和营养性质,促进植株生长.     

基于多元线性回归的开发井绝对无阻流量预测

对于新钻开发井,气井绝对无阻流量的大小是决定新钻井能否实施的关键指标,所以准确、快捷地预测气井绝对无阻流量对于气藏储量动用、提高采收率具有重要意义.目前绝对无阻流量是通过气井投产后采用稳定试井获得,对于未钻的井现场多数采用类比法,但精度低,影响钻井决策.针对绝对无阻流量预测的问题,首先开展了绝对无阻流量影响因素的渗流理论分析以及与实际生产动态特征的相关性分析,以此为基础,利用多元线性回归方法开展了绝对无阻流量与各地质参数的定量关系研究,建立了新钻开发井绝对无阻流量与不同参数的预测模型,并对不同模型进行了统计学检验以及实例检验.结果表明,影响绝对无阻流量的主要因素主要有地层系数(kh)、地层压力(pe)、孔隙度(φ)、动态储量等,各因变量之间不存在共线性,建立的4种模型中以kh、pe两个参数建立的预测模型在对新钻开发井的实际预测中精度较高,预测模型中需要的参数kh、pe在现场生产中也容易获得,计算方法简单快捷,解决了新钻开发井快速预测问题,为新钻开发井是否实施提供了依据,因此,该方法对气藏打开发井、特别是低渗透气藏后期补打开发井的决策中具有一定的实践意义.     

NaHS引发提高裸燕麦种子活力的生理机制

硫化氢（H₂S）信号在作物种子萌发中发挥着重要作用。为探讨外源H₂S供体NaHS引发提高作物种子活力的作用及其生理机制，以裸燕麦种子为材料，分别用不同浓度NaHS （0、50、100、200、400、800、1600 μmol·L^-1）引发18 h和800 μmol·L^-1 NaHS引发不同时间（6、9、12、15、18、21 h），分析其发芽势（GP）、发芽率（GR）、发芽指数（GI）、活力指数（VI）和幼苗干重（DW）的变化，以确定适宜的NaHS引发浓度和引发时间。以未引发种子为对照（CK），同时设置H₂O引发，研究800 μmol·L^-1 NaHS引发18 h对种子H₂S产生、贮藏物质含量和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明，800 μmol·L^-1 NaHS引发18 h可显著提高裸燕麦种子的GP、GR、GI和VI，但对DW的影响不大。NaHS引发对种子淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、还原型抗坏血酸（ASA）、脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）含量及ASA/DHA和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性无显著影响，但显著提高H₂S和氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）含量及细胞色素氧化酶（COX）、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性，分别比CK提高了113.5%、14.4%、103.3%、6.1%、112.0%和120.5%；降低α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性及超氧阴离子、过氧化氢、丙二醛、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、GSH/GSSG和质膜相对透性，分别下降了39.8%、53.6%、34.7%、36.1%、37.6%、29.2%、38.1%和11.9%。由此表明，NaHS引发可能通过提高种子H₂S含量，从而调控抗氧化系统和激活COX活性，降低活性氧对质膜的损伤，增强细胞有氧呼吸代谢，提高裸燕麦种子活力。     

琥珀核桃仁的传承与创新

琥珀核桃仁是云南传统特色食品,早在上世纪90年代初就多次获奖,至今仍然是核桃小食品的主销品种。然而其加工工艺及技术要求已不能适应时代要求,急需升级适应精准人群的精准营养和功能需求,提升核心竞争力,并加强知识产权保护。     

Effect of chlorogenic acid on intestinal inflammation,antioxidant status,and microbial community of young hens challenged with acute heat stress

Heat stress in poultry is deleterious to productive performance. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) exerts antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental CGA on the intestinal health and cecal microbiota composition of young hens challenged with acute heat stress. 100-day-old Hy-line brown pullets were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (C) and heat stress group (HS) received a basal diet. HS + CGA₃₀₀ group and HS + CGA₆₀₀ group received a basal diet supplemented with 300- and 600-mg/kg CGA, respectively, for 2 weeks before heat stress exposure. Pullets of HS, HS + CGA₃₀₀, and HS + CGA₆₀₀ group were exposed to 38°C for 4 h while the control group was maintained at 25°C. In this study, dietary CGA supplementation had effect on mitigate the decreased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and the increasing of IL-1β and TNFα induced by acute heat stress. Dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg CGA had better effect on increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, such as Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, and Christensenellaceae R-7_group, and deceasing bacteria genera involved in inflammation, such as Sutterella species. Therefore, CGA can ameliorate acute heat stress damage through suppressing inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity and cecal microbiota composition.     

Reduced Germination and Seedling Vigor of Weeds with Root Extracts of Maize and Soybean,and the Mechanism Defined as Allelopathic

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Due to the negative consequences of synthetic herbicides use and their reducing effectiveness due to development of resistant weeds, promotion of...     

Verrucosamide,a Cytotoxic 1,4-Thiazepane-Containing Thiodepsipeptide from a Marine-Derived Actinomycete

A new cytotoxic thiodepsipeptide, verrucosamide (1), was isolated along with the known, related cyclic peptide thiocoraline, from the extract of a marine-derived actinomycete, a Verrucosispora sp., our strain CNX-026. The new peptide, which is composed of two rare seven-membered 1,4-thiazepane rings, was elucidated by a combination of spectral methods and the absolute configuration was determined by a single X-ray diffraction study. Verrucosamide (1) showed moderate cytotoxicity and selectivity in the NCI 60 cell line bioassay. The most susceptible cell lines were MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma with an LD₅₀ of 1.26 µM, and COLO 205 colon adenocarcinoma with an LD₅₀ of 1.4 µM. Also isolated along with verrucosamide were three small 3-hydroxy(alkoxy)-quinaldic acid derivatives that appear to be products of the same biosynthetic pathway.     

Did incentives help municipalities recover from the Great Recession? Evidence from Midwestern cities

This study assesses the impacts of local business incentives in the largest urban areas of Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, three Midwestern states that share similar histories and settings. We assembled a unique dataset combining information on two types of incentives, tax increment financing districts and tax abatements, together with socio‐economic, geographic, fiscal, and spatial competitive characteristics for all of the municipalities in six metropolitan areas. The outcome measures include employment growth, establishment formation, and business relocation. The analysis extends knowledge of the effects of economic development incentives in two ways. First, we improve upon previous research by incorporating key factors in municipal decisions to offer incentives. Second, we add to limited empirical evidence concerning local incentives following the Great Recession. Variation in the use of incentives reflects not only local decision‐making but also differing fiscal capacities and situations of adaptation to adverse economic conditions, with some governments pulling back on incentives and others initiating new approaches to retain or lure businesses.