刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)重要经济性状相关SNP标记的验证分析

本研究在前期构建的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)高密度遗传连锁图谱和QTL分析的基础上，筛选出26个与体长、体重、体宽、棘刺总数、抗病力相关的SNP位点，设计出可用于HRM检测的SNP扩增引物13对。在扩大群体中利用HRM小片段法对这13个刺参重要经济性状相关的候选SNP位点进行分型和多态性检测，并结合扩大群体的相关性状数据进行了QTL位点验证。多态性结果显示，13个位点中有3个单态性位点，其余10个多态性位点中有3个位点为低等位多态性，7个位点为中等位多态性。10个多态性位点的最小等位基因频率(MAF)介于0.016(SNP113)~ 0.332(SNP160)之间，平均值为0.173；各位点的观测杂合度(Ho)介于0.031(SNP113)~0.818(SNP9)之间，平均值为0.433；期望杂合度(He)介于0.031(SNP113)~0.834(SNP9)之间，平均值为0.402；多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.030(SNP113)~0.393(SNP160)之间，平均为0.248，有6个位点偏离Hardy- Weinberg平衡。QTL验证结果表明，SNP40和SNP160位点为与生长(体长、体重、体宽)相关的位点，各位点的优势基因型分别为SNP40(CC)和SNP160(AA)；SNP88、SNP112和SNP126这3个位点为与抗病力相关的位点，各位点的优势基因型为SNP88(CC)、SNP112(AA)和SNP126(TT)。基于这5个位点构建生长和抗病二倍型，发现二倍型K1(CC AA TT)抗病力最强，S1(CC AA)、S3(CC AC)在生长方面优势显著，相关研究结果可为分子标记辅助育种在生产中应用提供基础数据。     

云南玉溪地区主栽蓝莓果实花色苷定性检测及其组成分析

以云南澄江蓝莓主产区蓝莓鲜果为试材,以甲酸甲醇溶液提取花色苷,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和加标定性测定法对蓝莓果实中花色苷的组成及相对含量进行比较,以期探索云南主栽蓝莓果实花色苷的组分及特征.结果 表明:6个品种蓝莓果实中共检测到10种花色苷.其中,“比洛克西”中总花色苷含量最高,是含量最低品种“夏普蓝”的27倍.且“夏普蓝”“灿烂”“密斯提”3个品种中的芍药素-3-O-葡萄糖苷的相对含量最高,分别为23.62％、29.85％、20.76％,均高于20％;“比洛克西”“绿宝石”“莱格西”中芍药素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和飞燕草素-3-O-半乳糖苷的相对含量也相对较高,其中,芍药素-3-O-葡萄糖苷的相对含量分别为16.25％、12.26％、10.61％,飞燕草素-3-O-半乳糖苷的相对含量分别为20.3％、10.52％、16.89％,均高于10％.6个品种蓝莓果实的飞燕草素-3-O-半乳糖苷的相对含量均高于10％.说明云南主栽的6个品种蓝莓中含有极为丰富的花色苷资源.     

探索绿化植被冬季越冬的防寒技术

对于我国而言，绝大部分地区豆油较低的冬季温度、气候干燥、风多且大，气温变化相对剧烈，且有较长的冬季时间存在。该天气状况对于树木来说，特别是绿化树有较大的危害。其中以引进的树种、抗寒力弱的幼苗以及普通的常绿树种来说影响较大。为了使绿化效果得到保障，使树木越冬得到安全完成，应通过找出树木不易过冬的原因及容易受到伤害的部位，运用有效的防寒措施进行有效改善。     

松茸人工抚育促繁技术规程

<正>四川松茸主要分布在四川甘孜藏族自治州、阿坝藏族羌族自治州、凉山藏族自治州等地[1],是一种味道鲜美、营养丰富的珍稀名贵食用菌。自1984年开发以来,受到市场高价的诱惑,农民遍山搜寻、轮番抢挖,对松茸展开了掠夺式采集,使四川松茸的产量急剧下降[2]。为了更好地保护与开发松茸资源,笔者在阿坝州开展了多年松茸人工抚育的试验研究,总结出一套松茸人工抚育促繁技术规程。1适用范围规程规定了四川藏区松茸林地清理,自然留种,人工辅     

Induction of tolerance to desiccation and cryopreservation in silver maple (Acer saccharinum) embryonic axes

Twenty percent of of the world's flowering plants produce recalcitrant seeds (i.e., seeds that cannot withstand drying or freezing). We investigated whether the embryonic axis from the normally recalcitrant seeds of silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) can be made tolerant to desiccation (10% water content) and low temperature (-196 degrees C, cryopreservation) by pretreatment with ABA or the compound tetcyclacis, which enhances endogenous ABA concentrations. Pretreatment of axes with both ABA and tetcyclacis increased germination after desiccation and freezing to 55% from a control value of zero. Pretreatment of axes with ABA and tetcyclacis increased the ABA content of the axes, as measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and stimulated the synthesis of storage and dehydrin-like proteins, believed to have a role in the desiccation tolerance of orthodox seeds.     

嘉兴市优良笋用竹林的开发技术

嘉兴市共有十五种栽培竹种,其中以毛竹、早竹、嘉兴雷竹、花哺鸡竹、乌哺鸡竹、红竹等6种为主,竹林面积占总面积的95％以上。从1987年到1990年通过调整结构,改善生长条件,完善采收技术等措施,建立了一个31.12亩丰产样板竹林。平均亩产、最高亩产分别为548.7 kg和1121 kg,亩均产较改造前和对照平均增加5倍。样板林经济效益显著,投入与产出之比达1:9.88。     

Molluscicidal activity of Solanum species of the Northeast of Brazil on Biomphalaria glabrata

Seven species of Solanum were screened for their molluscicidal properties against Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediated host of Schistosoma mansoni, Solanum agrarium, S. jabrense, S. melissarum, S. megalonyx, S. paludosum, S. paraibanum and S. stipulaceum. Four extracts showed molluscicidal activity with LC(50) from 22 to 56 microg/ml.     

Antimicrobial activity of alkaloidal fraction from barks of Himatanthus lancifolius

The alkaloidal fraction from Himatanthus lancifolius barks demonstrated a broad-spectrum in vitro antimicrobial activity for most of the Gram (+) and Gram (-) tested microorganisms.     

Atmospheric carbon dioxide, irrigation, and fertilization effects on phenolic and nitrogen concentrations in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) needles

Concentrations of total soluble phenolics, catechin, proanthocyanidins (PA), lignin and nitrogen (N) were measured in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) needles exposed to either ambient CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]), ambient plus 175 or ambient plus 350 micromol CO(2) mol(-1) in branch chambers for 2 years. The CO(2) treatments were superimposed on a 2 x 2 factorial combination of irrigation and fertilization treatments. In addition, we compared the effects of branch chambers and open-top chambers on needle chemistry. Proanthocyanidin and N concentrations were measured in needles from branch chambers and from trees in open-top chambers exposed concurrently for two years to either ambient [CO(2)] or ambient plus 200 micromol CO(2) mol(-1) in combination with a fertilization treatment. In the branch chambers, concentrations of total soluble phenolics in needles generally increased with needle age. Concentrations of total soluble phenolics, catechin and PA in needle extracts increased about 11% in response to the elevated [CO(2)] treatments. There were no significant treatment effects on foliar lignin concentrations. Nitrogen concentrations were about 10% lower in needles from the elevated [CO(2)] treatments than in needles from the ambient [CO(2)] treatments. Soluble phenolic and PA concentrations were higher in the control and irrigated soil treatments in about half of the comparisons; otherwise, differences were not statistically significant. Needle N concentrations increased 23% in response to fertilization. Treatment effects on PA and N concentrations were similar between branch and open-top chambers, although in this part of the study N concentrations were not significantly affected by the CO(2) treatments in either the branch or open-top chambers. We conclude that elevated [CO(2)] and low N availability affected foliar chemical composition, which could in turn affect plant-pathogen interactions, decomposition rates and mineral nutrient cycling.