北京市丰台区10kV配电线路故障分析

首先分析了北京市丰台区的电力负荷特点及设备情况,然后利用丰台区2019年的配电线路电力故障数据,分别以故障地点和故障原因两方面进行归类和分析,提出相应的防护措施,为提升丰台配电网的可靠性和保障配电网的安全运行提供了依据。     

Poorly crystalline iron and aluminium oxides contribute to the carbon saturation and sorption of dissolved organic carbon in the soil

Soil carbon (C) saturation implies an upper limit to a soil's capacity to store C depending on the contents of silt + clay and poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides. We hypothesized that the poorly crystalline Fe and Al oxides in silt + clay fraction increased the C saturation and thus reduced the capacity of the soil to sorb additional C input. To test the hypothesis, we studied the sorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on silt + clay fractions (<53 µm) of highly weathered oxic soils, collected from three different land uses (i.e., improved pasture, cropping and forest). Soils with high carbon saturation desorbed 38% more C than soils with low C saturation upon addition of DOC, whereas adsorption of DOC was only observed at higher concentration (>15 g kg^?1). While high Al oxide concentration significantly increased both the saturation and desorption of DOC, the high Fe oxide concentration significantly increased the desorption of DOC, supporting the proposition that both oxides have influence on the DOC sorption in soil. Our findings provide a new insight into the chemical control of stabilization and destabilization of DOC in soil.     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒及其系统进化分析

【目的】检测新疆南疆7个县/市瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, CCYV),进行系统发育分析,为新疆南疆CCYV预警和防控提供参考。【方法】于2019年,从中国新疆南疆7个县/市采集带有黄化特征的51份甜瓜叶片样品,RT-PCR进行CCYV的检测,进行特异性片段的克隆、测序和系统发育分析。【结果】中国新疆巴楚县、阿克苏市、莎车县、伽师县、疏勒县、疏附县均未检测到CCYV,而洛浦县的13份样本中,8份检出为CCYV阳性,检出率为61.53%,洛浦县CCYV特异性片段克隆测序获得了685 bp的核酸序列,与GenBank中的CCYV分离物外壳蛋白(Coat protein, CP)的一致性达到100%。所得序列与中国新疆(吐鲁番)、中国其他省、苏丹、日本、塞浦路斯、黎巴嫩的CP基因聚在I组(Group),沙特阿拉伯的分离物聚在Ⅱ组,伊朗的分离物聚在Ⅲ组。【结论】CCYV在中国新疆南疆洛浦县甜瓜产区发生,与中国新疆吐鲁番、中国其他省及周围国家的CCYV分离物亲缘关系很近,且群体遗传变异很小。     

Effect of farm management on topsoil organic carbon and aggregate stability in water: A case study from Southwest England,UK

There are few reliable data sets to inspire confidence in policymakers that soil organic carbon (SOC) can be measured on farms. We worked with farmers in the Tamar Valley region of southwest England to select sampling sites under similar conditions (soil type, aspect and slope) and management types. Topsoils (2–15 cm) were sampled in autumn 2015, and percentage soil organic matter (%SOM) was determined by loss on ignition and used to calculate %SOC. We also used the stability of macroaggregates in cold water (WSA) (‘soil slaking’) as a measure of ‘soil health’ and investigated its relationship with SOC in the clay‐rich soils. %SOM was significantly different between management types in the order woodland (11.1%) = permanent pasture (9.5%) > ley‐arable rotation (7.7%) = arable (7.3%). This related directly to SOC stocks that were larger in fields under permanent pasture and woodland compared with those under arable or ley‐arable rotation whether corrected for clay content (F = 8.500, p < .0001) or not (F = 8.516, p < .0001). WSA scores were strongly correlated with SOC content whether corrected for clay content (SOC_adj R² = .571, p < .0001) or not (SOC_unadj R² = 0.490, p = .002). Time since tillage controlled SOC stocks and WSA scores, accounting for 75.5% and 51.3% of the total variation, respectively. We conclude that (1) SOC can be reliably measured in farmed soils using accepted protocols and related to land management and (2) WSA scores can be rapidly measured in clay soils and related to SOC stocks and soil management.     

荞麦品种改良与产业发展现状及趋势分析

根据国内外荞麦生产现状及存在的问题,对未来荞麦产业发展、品种改良方向及品种选育技术进行了讨论。近年来,世界范围内荞麦种植面积稳中有升,荞麦消费量呈增加趋势,但荞麦生产中普遍存在生产条件差、产量低、品种改良难和不适宜机械化生产等问题,因此广适、高效、优质和高产等特性是荞麦品种改良的目标,传统杂交技术与分子育种技术的结合是未来荞麦品种改良的主要手段。     

牦牛源正呼肠孤病毒2型的检测和分离鉴定

旨在调查川西北牦牛哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒（MRV）的感染情况并分离病毒。采用RT-PCR方法，对采自川西北15个牧场的72份牦牛腹泻粪便样本和其中5个牧场的15份腹泻牦牛血清样本进行MRV检测，阳性样本进一步用分型PCR确定其血清型。结果显示，粪便样本中MRV检出率为20.83%（15/72），血清2型的比例为60%（9/15）；血清样本中MRV检出率为40%（6/15），血清2型的比例为83.33%（5/6）；未检测到其他血清型。成功地从腹泻粪便中分离到1株MRV血清2型毒株（TCID₅₀为4×10^-8.56·mL^-1），并获得长度为23 587 bp的分离株全基因组，该分离株与中国猪源毒株的遗传关系最近；与GenBank中所有的MRV S1基因相比，该分离株有4个独特的氨基酸突变。本研究从牦牛中检测到MRV，并分离到1株牛源MRV血清2型毒株，为进一步研究MRV血清2型生物学特性奠定了基础。     

鄂西北秃杉侧枝扦插试验

为了筛选适合秃杉扦插繁殖的方法,以6～7年生长健壮秃杉的1～2年生侧枝为插穗材料,将5种不同质量浓度的ABT1号生根粉(1000、500、250、100、50 mg·L-1)分别以5个不同处理时间(5、15、30、60、360 min)进行浸泡处理,随后于圃地进行扦插试验,12个月后调查扦插育苗效果.结果表明:不同质量浓度、不同处理时间的扦插效果有显著差异.所有处理中,愈伤组织诱导率最高的处理为使用质量浓度为250 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理15 min,其愈伤组织诱导率达83.33％;愈伤组织生长最佳的处理为使用质量浓度为500 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理30 min、质量浓度为250 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理5 min,其愈伤组织的直径均达到0.61 cm;生根率最高的处理为使用质量浓度为250 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理360 min及使用质量浓度为1000 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理15 min,其生根率均为46.67％;生根数量最多的处理为使用质量浓度为250 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理360 min,平均生根数量为2.43条;根系长度生长最佳的处理为使用质量浓度为500 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理360 min,其平均根长为10.04 cm;苗高生长最佳的处理为使用质量浓度为500 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理5 min,其苗高为7.88 cm;地径生长最佳的处理为使用质量浓度为1000 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理5 min,其地径生长量为0.58 cm;新梢生长最佳的处理为使用质量浓度为500 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理30 min,其长度达到3.93 cm.最适宜秃杉扦插繁殖的处理为使用质量浓度为250 mg·L-1的ABT1号生根粉处理360 min,此时扦插成活率最高,生根数量最多,苗木生长较好.     

葡萄风信子物候期观察与观赏性状分析

对荷兰引进的10个葡萄风信子品种进行露地栽培,对其物候期及观赏性状进行观察与评价.结果表明,引进的10个葡萄风信子品种在苏州地区露地栽培均能正常开花;其中"大微笑""幻想创造""蓝魔法""触雪"等品种适宜在园林中推广与应用.