鹿肚耳与3种木耳的营养价值评价

综述皱木耳Auricularia delicata新品种"鹿肚耳"的形态特征和食用特点,测定其与黑木耳、毛木耳、毛木耳白色变种"玉木耳"人工栽培子实体的基本营养成分、矿质元素含量和氨基酸组成,评价其营养价值。结果表明:鹿肚耳热量235 kJ/100g、蛋白质7.21 g/100g、脂肪1.5 g/100g、碳水化合物48.4 g/100g、总膳食纤维29.3g/100g,含有5种常量元素、5种必需微量元素,其中,硒元素含量是黑木耳的4.6倍;含有人体所需的8种必需氨基酸,氨基酸化学评分(CS)和氨基酸评分(ASS)分别为12和18.86,色氨酸为其限制性氨基酸;蛋白质综合评价低于其他3种木耳。     

基于气流脉冲和结构光成像的牛肉嫩度检测方法

针对传统牛肉嫩度检测速度慢、精度低的问题，提出了基于气流脉冲结合结构光3D成像的牛肉嫩度快速无损检测方法。首先，利用脉冲气流对牛肉表面进行冲击，同时通过结构光3D成像获取待测牛肉表面凹陷区域的三维点云信息；然后，采用去噪、点云分割、贪婪投影三角化、Delaunay三角化、曲面拟合等算法进行点云处理，获得牛肉表面凹陷区域的深度、映射面积、表面积和体积等信息；基于此,分别建立基于最小二乘支持向量机回归（LS-SVR）、BP神经网络和广义回归神经网络（GRNN）的生鲜牛肉剪切力预测模型；结果表明，GRNN模型预测表现最佳，预测集相关系数为0.975，均方根误差为5.307N。采用基于K-fold交叉验证的GRNN神经网络对牛肉嫩度等级进行预测，结果显示该方法对较嫩牛肉分级效果较好，为100%，对较老牛肉分级效果稍差，为91.3%。研究表明，基于气流脉冲结合结构光3D成像进行牛肉剪切力以及嫩度快速、无损检测是可行的。     

强化型EM菌剂对金针菇菌糠堆肥的影响

为提高EM菌剂在菌糠堆肥中的应用效果,加速腐熟进程,改善堆肥质量,采用纤维素酶与木聚糖酶高产菌株黑曲霉SNH-7、蛋白酶高产菌株枯草芽孢杆菌SNK-103与EM菌剂进行复配,研制强化型EM菌剂,并研究其对菌糠堆肥的影响。结果表明：与普通EM菌剂相比,接种强化型EM菌剂的处理堆肥过程中微生物代谢更加旺盛,温度、pH、EC值、总有机碳、可溶性有机碳、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、C/N、腐植酸和黄腐酸含量等理化指标的升高或降低幅度更大,腐熟进程加快;成品堆肥的GI提高,C/N降低,总氮、硝态氮、总腐植酸和游离腐植酸的含量升高,生物安全性更好、肥效更高。说明在EM菌剂中补充纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和蛋白酶高产菌株,可强化其对纤维素、木质素和蛋白质的降解能力,在无辅料、高C/N、低pH的不利条件下,添加该菌剂能加速堆肥进程,提高堆肥质量。     

零耦合度空间2T1R并联机构运动学与刚度建模分析

根据基于方位特征(POC)方程的并联机构拓扑设计理论与方法，提出一种零耦合度、含1条冗余支链的三自由度两平移一转动(2T1R)并联机构，并对该机构进行拓扑分析。结果表明：该机构具有符号式位置正解和部分运动解耦特性，其被动冗余支链能避免奇异位置，改善刚度；因机构耦合度为零，易求解出其符号式位置正解，并分析了机构可能产生的3种奇异位置；运用虚拟弹簧法建立了每条支链的刚度模型并进行求解，给出并分析了机构笛卡尔刚度矩阵中扭转刚度和线性刚度的变化趋势，讨论了冗余支链对整体刚度性能的影响，验证了冗余支链可使机构整体刚度性能提升约22%。     

Expression of Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor Isoform 3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Showing High Antimicrobial Activity

Antimicrobial peptides are a class of proteins with antibacterial functions. In this study, the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 3 gene (ALFPm3), encoding an antimicrobial peptide from Penaeus monodon with a super activity was expressed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which would develop a microalga strain that can be used for the antimicrobial peptide production. To construct the expression cluster, namely pH2A-Pm3, the codon optimized ALFPm3 gene was fused with the ble reporter by 2A peptide and inserted into pH124 vector. The glass-bead method was performed to transform pH2A-Pm3 into C. reinhardtii CC-849. In addition to 8 μg/mL zeocin resistance selection, the C. reinhardtii transformants were further confirmed by genomic PCR and RT-PCR. Western blot analysis showed that the C. reinhardtii-derived ALFPm3 (cALFPm3) was successfully expressed in C. reinhardtii transformants and accounted for 0.35% of the total soluble protein (TSP). Furthermore, the results of antibacterial assay revealed that the cALFPm3 could significantly inhibit the growth of a variety of bacteria, including both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria at a concentration of 0.77 μM. Especially, the inhibition could last longer than 24 h, which performed better than ampicillin. Hence, this study successfully developed a transgenic C. reinhardtii strain, which can produce the active ALFPm3 driven from P. monodon, providing a potential strategy to use C. reinhardtii as the cell factory to produce antimicrobial peptides.     

栽植密度对不同种源芡实生长的影响

对不同栽植密度条件下,不同种源地芡实的生长情况进行了调查研究,结果表明:不同栽植密度间芡实的叶均直径、叶最大直径、果径、果长、果质量、粒数、粒质量均无明显差异,不同栽植密度间产量存在差异;不同种源地间8项物理性状指标均无明显差异;除果长与栽植密度的交互作用对产量无影响外,其余6种性状与栽植密度的交互作用均存在差异,表明交互作用对产量有影响。7种性状与种源地的交互作用下,种源地与产量间的关联不大。     

miR-140-3p inhibits viability,invasion and migration of non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells by targeting PD-L1

AIM: To explore the target relationship between microRNA-140-3p (miR-140-3p) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and their effect on the viability, migration and invasion of non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells.METHODS: RT-qPCR was used to detect the miR-140-3p expression in HLF-1, A549 and H1299 cells, and then the A549 cells with the most significant difference were selected as the subsequent research object. TargetScan software and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to predict and confirm the target relationship between miR-140-3p and PD-L1. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to determine the effects of miR-140-3p mimic and inhibitor on PD-L1 expression level. MTT assay was used to detect the viability of A549 cells. Transwell assay was performed to detect the migration and invasion abilities of the A549 cells.RESULTS: miR-140-3p was significantly down-regulated in the A549 cells and H1299 cells (P<0.05). Transfection with miR-140-3p mimic decreased the expression of PD-L1 and inhibited the viability, migration and invasion of the A549 cells. Transfection with pcDNA3.0-PD-L1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-140-3p on the viability, migration and invasion of the A549 cells.CONCLUSION: miR-140-3p inhibits the viability, migration and invasion of A549 cells by targeting PD-L1.     

养猪场沼渣制备包膜缓释肥理化性质表征

文章以分散式养猪场沼渣为应用研究对象,以8%聚乙烯醇为包膜材料,改性斜发沸石为肥料载体和缓控释材料调理剂,通过添加不同沸石量制备3种复混包膜缓释肥。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜及三维荧光对3种缓释肥的进行表征。结果表明:添加改性沸石的复混包膜肥除了增加显著的沸石红外特征谱外,其余红外光谱图差异不明显,表明添加沸石对有机质(富里酸和腐殖酸)结构和化学键型并未产生明显的影响,即不影响沼渣理化性质;添加改性沸石可以使聚乙烯醇完整的覆盖在肥料表面,膜壳更加平整光滑,膜层更加致密;三维荧光光谱显示复混包膜肥Ⅰ浸出富里酸和腐殖酸浓度最大,复混包膜肥Ⅲ浓度最低,表明添加沸石有减缓肥料养分释放的效果。该研究对于利用养猪场沼渣制备包膜缓释肥有一定的参考价值。     

长链酰胺化纳米纤维素增强聚乳酸复合材料

以纳米纤维素(NCC)为原料,先采用四甲基哌啶氮氧化物(TEMPO)氧化制备氧化纳米纤维素(TONC),再与不同链长脂肪胺在催化剂作用下发生反应,得到脂肪胺改性纳米纤维素,当脂肪胺为十二胺(DOA)、十四胺(TEA)、十六胺(HEA)、十八胺(OCA)时,分别制得DOATONC、TEATONC、HEATONC和OCATONC。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和元素分析表明:脂肪链接枝成功,改性后纳米纤维素的晶形没有发生改变,为原有Ⅰ型晶型;接触角和分散性测试表明:随着脂肪链的增长,改性纳米纤维素表面的亲水性明显下降(接触角由65.8°上升至93.9°),而分散率由25.17%先降至11.97%,再升至71.71%。将1%的改性纳米纤维素添加到聚乳酸(PLA)中制得复合膜,机械性能测试结果表明:随着脂肪链的增长,复合膜的机械性能明显提高,其中PLA/OCATONC复合膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别达到40.2 MPa和6.39%。