强化型EM菌剂对金针菇菌糠堆肥的影响

为提高EM菌剂在菌糠堆肥中的应用效果,加速腐熟进程,改善堆肥质量,采用纤维素酶与木聚糖酶高产菌株黑曲霉SNH-7、蛋白酶高产菌株枯草芽孢杆菌SNK-103与EM菌剂进行复配,研制强化型EM菌剂,并研究其对菌糠堆肥的影响。结果表明：与普通EM菌剂相比,接种强化型EM菌剂的处理堆肥过程中微生物代谢更加旺盛,温度、pH、EC值、总有机碳、可溶性有机碳、总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、C/N、腐植酸和黄腐酸含量等理化指标的升高或降低幅度更大,腐熟进程加快;成品堆肥的GI提高,C/N降低,总氮、硝态氮、总腐植酸和游离腐植酸的含量升高,生物安全性更好、肥效更高。说明在EM菌剂中补充纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和蛋白酶高产菌株,可强化其对纤维素、木质素和蛋白质的降解能力,在无辅料、高C/N、低pH的不利条件下,添加该菌剂能加速堆肥进程,提高堆肥质量。

Effect of Enhanced EM Microbial Agent on the Spent Flammulina Mushroom Substrate Composting

To improve the application effect of EM microbial agent in spent mushroom substrate composting, accelerate the process of decomposition and improve the quality of the compost, an enhanced EM microbial agent was prepared by adding the cellulase and xylanase-producting strain Aspergillus niger SNH-7 and the protease-producing strain Bacillus subtilis SNK-103 to the common EM microbial agent, and its effect on spent mushroom substrate composting was studied. Results showed that the microbial metabolism was more vigorous during composting by inoculating the enhanced EM microbial agents, comparing with common EM microbial agents. The physical and chemical indexes such as temperature, pH, EC, total organic carbon, soluble organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, C/N, humic acid and fulvic acid content increased or decreased more greatly, which meant that the maturation process was accelerated. The GI of the finished compost increased, C/N decreased, and the contents of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total humic acid and free humic acid increased, which indicated that the compost had better biological safety and higher fertilizer efficiency. All these indicated that supplementation of high-yield strains of cellulase, xylanase and protease in EM microbial agent could accelerate the composting process of spent mushroom substrate and improve the composting quality by strengthening its ability to degrade cellulose, lignin and protein under no excipients, high C/N, and low pH.