绿色富硒生物猪饲料中AFB1达标生产工艺优化研究

饲料中黄曲霉毒素(AFB₁)容易超标,检出率达80%~100%,毒性大,具强致癌性,可抑制生猪免疫机能,降低动物生产性能,引起动物继发感染,还会在动物产品中残留而威胁人类健康,给生猪养殖带来经济损失,降低猪肉食品安全性。本文通过使用先进固体发酵系统设备和益生菌发酵技术,采用单因素试验和响应面中试优化,获得发酵降解猪饲料AFB₁的最佳工艺参数为硒浓度0.3 mg/kg,发酵时间12 h,量子波强度30 Hz,益生菌菌种组合CGMCC NO.17328混合CGMCC NO.15611。该工艺将猪饲料AFB₁量从63.41μg/kg降解到2.98μg/kg,降解率达到95.30%,AFB₁含量达到国家饲料安全标准。生产工艺适合养猪场低成本快速生产AFB₁达标猪饲料。     

微机综合自动化系统在大型泵站中的应用

水利部“94．8”项目之一“江都抽水机站机组监控关键技术”的实施，在国内首次实现了大型泵站“无人值守，少人值班”的新局面，该系统自动化调节功能，充分利用潮汐河流的特点，实现了泵站的优化调度，提高了运行效率，挖掘了泵站的潜在抽水能力，不仅节约了运行费用，而且还能增灌农田，显著地提高了经济效益和社会效益。     

吉林省西部新开发水田遥感动态监测研究

为了响应土地整理开发项目的政策,吉林省西部地区开发了大面积的水田。为掌握新开发水田的动态变化,有必要对吉林省地区进行土地利用分类。以吉林省前郭县为例,利用2010年环境卫星数据进行不同土地利用分类方法的比较,进而对另外3景图像进行信息提取,分析4个年份新开发水田的分布及变化情况。结果表明,支持向量机法比最大似然法的耕地分类精度高约5%,其产品和用户精度分别为95%和84%。加入纹理信息没有显著提高分类精度。2009~2012年水田面积分别增加-67.7 km2,111.7 km2和265.01 km2。     

新疆酿酒葡萄振动采收装置设计与试验

酿酒葡萄收获具有季节性强、占用劳动量大等特点,而机械化采收是酿酒葡萄收获的必然趋势。为此,针对新疆酿酒葡萄种植特点及采收作业要求,在测定了酿酒葡萄果蒂连接力的基础上,设计了一种由牵引架、工作部件和驱动部件等组成的酿酒葡萄振动采收装置,确定了其工作参数及关键结构参数,并进行了初步试验。结果表明:采用振动原理开展酿酒葡萄采收作业在技术层面是可行的,装置的研究为酿酒葡萄收获机的研制提供一定的理论与技术基础。     

Association analysis for detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

Tolerance to low-phosphorus soil is a desirable trait in soybean cultivars. Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and few reports from natural population. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs that regulate phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in soybean using association mapping approach. Phosphorus-deficiency tolerance was evaluated according to five traits (plant shoot height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration, phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency) comprising a conditional phenotype at the seedling stage. Association mapping of the conditional phenotype detected 19 SNPs including 13 SNPs that were significantly associated with the five traits across two years. A novel cluster of SNPs, including three SNPs that consistently showed significant effects over two years, that associated with more than one trait was detected on chromosome 3. All favorable alleles, which were determined based on the mean of conditional phenotypic values of each trait over the two years, could be pyramided into one cultivar through parental cross combination. The best three cross combinations were predicted with the aim of simultaneously improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency. These results will provide a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in soybean.     

基于状态变换法的车辆悬架系统时滞反馈控制

为了提高车辆行驶平顺性和稳定性,研究悬架系统中时滞补偿控制效果,本文以赛欧轿车悬架系统为基础,建立2自由度车辆半主动悬架系统模型,设计了时滞反馈控制器,采用理论与试验相结合的方法对系统时滞反馈控制特性进行研究。首先建立含时滞的悬架系统动力学方程,采用常微分理论和多项式判别方法分析系统稳定性,并通过时域与频域仿真对结果进行验证。研究表明:采用传统二次型最优控制律对含时滞的悬架系统进行控制,当系统控制时滞较大时,系统定性特性可能会发生改变,甚至会失稳发散。为保证系统的稳定性,采用状态变换方法设计时滞反馈最优控制律,仿真表明采用该控制律不仅可以保证系统稳定性,系统的减振特性亦有改善。最后搭建了悬架时滞反馈控制平台,基于时域辨识方法测得系统固有时滞为0.065 s,通过对相同工况下仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,发现两者具有较好的一致性,误差在15%以内,满足业内使用要求,表明研究可信,结果可为主动/半主动车辆悬架控制器实际设计应用提供参考。     

长江流域棉花减量简化一次性施肥技术研究

针对棉花常规施肥技术存在的施肥次数多、技术复杂、用量大、利用率低、中后期土壤追肥操作不便、施肥易受天气影响等问题，研究了主栽棉花品种营养特性，研制了易降解棉花专用缓控释肥缓控释包膜新材料、系列配方，创新了生产工艺，研制的专用缓控释肥实现了棉花减量简化一次性施肥，变革了棉花施肥技术，解决了常规技术中施肥集中期与干旱雨涝等灾害高发期重叠导致的无法追肥或肥害、从而减产的重大难题。与等养分常规施肥相比，应用该技术棉花单产增加 3.8%～14.1%、增效10.1%～25.5%；减少施肥用工50%以上，等产量情况下单位面积减少施肥11.2%～52.3%。以棉花减量简化一次性施肥为核心技术，建立了棉花绿色轻简高效栽培技术体系。     

拖拉机变速箱箱体快速设计方法与软件开发

针对目前拖拉机变速箱箱体产品开发周期长、设计与制造成本高的问题，该研究提出了一种基于知识的拖拉机变速箱箱体快速设计方法。首先，研究并建立箱体设计知识库、推理机制及参数化模型；然后，运用Visual Studio 2015的MFC编写快速设计系统的人机交互界面，联合SQL Server2012、Creo4.0完成快速设计系统与知识库、模型库的连接，建立拖拉机动力换挡变速箱箱体快速设计系统，并进行实例验证；最后，运用ANSYS workbench18.1对系统输出模型进行有限元仿真分析，箱体最大等效应力为206.19 MPa，最大变形为0.450 mm，最大间隙变化量为0.007 8 mm，最大错移量为0.026 mm，一阶固有频率为369.48 Hz，与ZF公司相同传动方案产品相比，箱体质量减少了28.8 kg。结果表明：该系统能高效、快速地完成拖拉机变速箱箱体开发，系统设计的拖拉机变速箱箱体具有良好的强度、刚度、密封性与动态特性，产品质量更轻，这对于缩短产品开发周期、降低设计与制造成本具有重要意义。     

宽垄马铃薯种植机的设计

马铃薯已成为我国主要粮食作物之一,其广泛种植是保证马铃薯产量的重要前提。本文充分考虑新疆马铃薯大面积种植特点,针对马铃薯宽垄机械化种植模式设计研制了一种马铃薯种植机。该机由开沟装置、播种装置、施肥装置、铺膜铺管装置及覆土镇压装置等组成,能够一次完成开沟、播种、施肥、铺膜铺管及覆土镇压等工作,具有结构简单、工作性能稳定等特点。田间试验表明:单台设备生产率≥0.7hm2/h,工作深度≥1 5 cm,株距为18cm,重种率≤8%,漏播率≤5%。     

Effect of dipeptide on intestinal peptide transporter 1 gene expression: An evaluation using primary cultured chicken intestinal epithelial cells

Peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) is a transporter responsible for absorbing dipeptide and tripeptide in enterocytes and is upregulated by dipeptide in mammals. It has not been certain whether intestinal PepT1 expression is responsive to dipeptides in chickens because of the lack of in vitro study using the cultured enterocytes. This study established a primary culture model of chicken intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in two-dimensional monolayer culture using collagen gel by which the response of chicken PepT1 gene expression to dipeptide stimuli was evaluated. The cultured chicken IECs showed the epithelial-like morphology attached in a patch-manner and exhibited positive expression of cytokeratin and epithelial cadherin, specific marker proteins of epithelial cells. Moreover, the chicken IECs exhibited the gene expression of intestinal cell type-specific marker, villin1, mucin 2, and chromogranin A, suggesting that the cultured IECs were composed of enterocytes as well as goblet and enteroendocrine cells. PepT1 gene expression was significantly upregulated by synthetic dipeptide, glycyl-l-glutamine, in the cultured IECs. From the results, we herein suggested that dipeptide is a factor upregulating PepT1 gene expression in chicken IECs.