Physiological Basis of Irrigation Scheduling for Seed Production in Egyptian Clover Syn. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Crop

A field experiment was conducted to find out the critical physiological stages of irrigation schedules inducing better growth, physiological efficiency and seed yield potential of berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L., Var. S-99-1). For this purpose eight irrigation treatments were made comprised of four treatments of three irrigation (W₁, W₂, W₃ and W₄), three treatments of four irrigation (W₅, W₇ and W₈) and one treatment of five irrigation (W₆) at various physiological stages i. e. regeneration, flower initiation, full bloom, seed initiation and advance seed development stage.
Thus based on the experimental results the physiological role of watering in berseem seed production could be discussed as:
With-holding of irrigation either at regeneration or at full bloom stage developed potential water stress in plants as indicated by high proline content of irrigation treatments — W₄, W₁ and W₇; and further brought out disturbance on the formation of carotene, synthesis of water soluble sugar and translocation of sugar towards reproductive organs during grain development stage. These stresses adversely affected the plant growth and flowering behaviour. The irrigation at seed initiation stage increased the seed yield. Continuous irrigation did not appear to be useful. Thus it can be concluded that irrigation at three critical physiological stages i. e. regeneration, full bloom and seed initiation was found to be essential for obtaining potential seed yield of berseem.     

铅胁迫对金丝草生长及生理生化的影响

采用土培方法,探究不同梯度铅胁迫(0、1000、2000和3000 mg·kg^-1)对金丝草生长形态、体内抗氧化系统和渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明:低浓度(1000 mg·kg^-1)处理会诱导金丝草叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量和根系抗超氧阴离子自由基活力(ASAFR)、可溶性糖(SS)及脯氨酸(Pro)含量增加,使得金丝草植株总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)处于较高水平,促进了金丝草株高、叶长和生物量的增加。随胁迫浓度增加,高浓度(2000~3000 mg·kg^-1)处理下,金丝草叶片和根系丙二醛(MDA)含量迅速增加,株高、叶长、叶面积和生物量下降,生长受到抑制。但金丝草通过增强叶片和根系POD、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性来抵御过氧化作用,提高可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量维持细胞正常运作,增加根系生物量占比来加强根系发育,一定程度适应了高浓度铅胁迫。综上表明,金丝草主要通过叶片和根系不同抗氧化酶差异化响应、提高渗透调节物质含量,提升金丝草植株总抗氧化能力等途径来提高Pb耐性,对Pb污染矿区植物修复有较大潜力。     

超重力处理对大白菜生理生化特性影响的研究

以新丰抗90白菜种子为试验材料,在1 000×g、2 000×g、4 000×g 3种不同超重力的条件下分别处理20、40、60 min后,幼苗期采取叶片测定其游离脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性。结果显示,2 000×g,40 min处理游离普氨酸含量最低;4 000×g,60 min处理游离脯氨酸含量最高,与对照相比,所有处理均抑制游离普氨酸的形成。1 000×g,20 min处理后的POD活性最高;2 000×g,60 min处理后的POD活性最低,但高于对照,超重力处理能显著提高POD活性。1 000×g,40 min处理SOD活性最高,4 000×g,60 min处理SOD活性最低,适宜的超重力处理有利于提高SOD活性。     

Mild Drought Stress‐Induced Changes in Yield,Physiological Processes and Chemical Composition in Festuca,Lolium and Festulolium

The impact of mild drought stress (3 weeks at 40 % field water capacity) on yield, physiological processes, accumulation of proline and phenolic compounds and forage quality parameters in forage grasses was evaluated in pot experiments. During four different growing periods, the effects of water deficit were assessed in nine varieties from five species (Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca pratensis, Festuca arundinacea and Festulolium braunii). All measured parameters were affected by drought stress in the different cuts. Photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry matter yield were significantly lower in drought stress than under well‐watered conditions in all varieties. Higher water‐use efficiency was only observed during the first and fourth drought period, while this was not the case in the second and third. Mild drought stress significantly increased the content of proline, phenolic acid, flavonoids, water‐soluble carbohydrates and protein. All tested grasses showed also an increase of organic matter digestibility and cell wall digestibility under drought stress conditions.     

紫花苜蓿形态和生理指标响应干旱胁迫的品种特异性

为研究紫花苜蓿在叶片和根系水平上响应干旱胁迫的形态和生理的品种特异性规律,在温室内分析了干旱胁迫下WL363HQ和巨能7紫花苜蓿株高、分枝数、生物量及叶片和根系中丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸、抗氧化酶类物质、C、N含量、C/N、稳定性C同位素（δ¹³C）和稳定性N同位素（δ¹⁵N）。结果表明：干旱胁迫显著降低了供试品种地上部分和根系的干重及分枝数（P<0.05）。干旱胁迫显著降低了巨能7的株高（P<0.05）,但增加了巨能7的根冠比,而WL363HQ的结果与之相反,这说明干旱胁迫下供试品种的株高和根冠比具有品种特异性的规律。干旱胁迫增加了WL363HQ和巨能7叶片和根系中MDA和脯氨酸的含量及抗氧化酶物质的活性,且在器官水平也具有品种特异性规律。干旱胁迫下巨能7叶片的MDA含量显著增加（P<0.05）,而在WL363HQ根系中的MDA含量也显著增加（P<0.05）。干旱胁迫下WL363HQ叶片脯氨酸含量、POD和SOD活性,及根系SOD的活性均显著增加（P<0.05）,而巨能7仅叶片SOD活性,根系脯氨酸含量、POD活性显著升高（P<0.05）。尽管干旱胁迫对供试品种叶片和根系C、N含量无显著影响（P>0.05）,但干旱胁迫显著提高了WL363HQ和巨能7紫花苜蓿根系的δ¹³C（P<0.05）,且WL363HQ叶片的δ¹⁵N均显著高于巨能7（P<0.05）。此外,干旱胁迫均显著提高了巨能7叶片和根系的C/N（P<0.05）。干旱胁迫下供试品种C、N代谢参数并没有在叶片和根系中表现出较为明显的品种特异性规律,深层次的机制还有待进一步研究。本研究结果将为进一步掌握紫花苜蓿叶片和根系协同抗旱机制及抗旱丰产紫花苜蓿新品种的选育提供理论依据。     

华北落叶松和白杆幼苗脯氨酸及淀粉含量对水分和光照变化的响应

以2年生华北落叶松和白杆幼苗为研究对象，通过人工控制条件下的幼苗栽培试验，测定不同光照、水分条件下脯氨酸含量、淀粉含量的变化，综合比较分析了华北落叶松和白析苗期生长对光照和水分变化的生理响应。研究结果表明：随着土壤水分的减少，华北落叶松和白不工幼苗脯氨酸含量增高，淀粉含量下降，且华北落叶松的变化都高于白杆，华北落叶松幼苗比白析幼苗对土壤水分胁迫的响应能力更强；随着光照的增强，也有相同的表现。光照和水分条件的变化对华北落叶松和白析幼苗脯氨酸和淀粉含量的影响具有叠加作用，2个树种对水分胁迫和强光照的响应机制一致，但树种间响应强度不同，华北落叶松的响应能力更强，华北落叶松具有比白术千更大的抗干旱胁迫的生理基础。     

不同品系欧洲报春的抗寒性研究

在不同低温处理下,分别对引进的3个品系欧洲报春叶片和花进行相对电导率及游离脯氨酸含量测定,分析其抗寒性的差异,结果表明:3个品系的欧洲报春花叶片伤害度、半致死温度和游离脯氨酸含量变化较为相符,其叶片和花的耐寒性强弱为:丹若娃的叶片>里拉的叶片>妃纯的叶片;妃纯的花>丹若娃的花>里拉的花,与其在露地栽培中观察到的结果相符。     

苇状羊茅盐胁迫下生理效应的研究

应用砂培试验对苇状羊茅盐胁迫下的生理效应进行了研究,通过对苇状羊茅盐胁迫下的相对鲜重,相对干重,根冠比,脯氨酸含量,叶绿素含量及根系活力进行测定,表明,低浓度的盐处理下,苇状羊茅生长未表现出受不利因素影响,但此时羊茅已对外界高渗溶液做出生理反应,叶片中脯氨酸含量成倍增加;随着盐胭控浓度的增大,羊茅相对鲜重,相对干重,根系活力均降低２,生长和生理上都表现出盐害效应同时叶片中脯氨酸和叶绿素含量增加,反     

不同灌水处理小麦品种抗旱性鉴定指标遗传规律研究

依据Griffing方法配制种植不同类型的复合双列杂交组合,分别设水、旱二种水分条件。在不同生育时期测定株高、株穗数、株粒重、穗粒数、黄叶片数、SOD、POD、MDA等农艺、生理生化性状,研究不同组合类型对杂交后代的遗传力影响及其与抗旱性的关系及遗传规律。结果表明,可采用抗旱指数(DRI)作为评价小麦品种抗旱性强弱的指标。旱地株粒重、旱地穗下节长、旱地黄叶片、籽粒饱满度、落黄、旱地成穗数、旱地株高等7个质量性状和数量性状与抗旱性关系密切且遗传力较强,可作为高产种质杂种后代的早期抗旱性鉴定指标。SOD活性和MDA含量由于广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高,可以在杂种后代早期世代进行选择,OA能力和POD活性广义遗传力较高但狭义遗传力低,适宜在杂种后代的晚期世代进行选择。