墨旱莲叶水提取物止血活性初探

[目的]探讨墨旱莲叶水提取物的止血和促凝血活性,为中草药在止血方面的应用提供依据。[方法]将不同剂量的墨旱莲提取物溶液与抗凝兔血混合,测定凝血时间。[结果]墨旱莲叶提取物为0.5%的最适浓度时具有最强促凝血活性,凝血时间为16 s,凝血时间缩短率为99.6%。[结论]墨旱莲叶水提取物有显著的止血和促凝血活性,具有较高的开发利用价值。     

绢蒿荒漠草地两种主要植物的生态化学计量特征分析

【目的】研究退化伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地恢复后,主要植物的生态化学计量特征的变化,为干旱区草地恢复提供理论依据。【方法】以该草地的建群种伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transiliense)和伴生种木地肤(Kochia prostrata)为对象,分析两种植物的C、N、P、K含量及计量比以及放牧和封育条件下,两种植物的生态化学计量特征,研究两种植物的养分利用策略以及封育对两种植物的生态化学计量特征的影响。【结果】伊犁绢蒿的P(0.82 g/kg)极显著高于木地肤的P(0.58 g/kg),伊犁绢蒿的N(15.11 g/kg)、K(13.06 g/kg)含量和N/P(22.46)极显著低于木地肤的N(25.14 g/kg)、K(21.17 g/kg)含量和N/P(43.75)。封育改善了荒漠草地植物的生长环境,但与放牧相比,伊犁绢蒿与木地肤的C、N、P、K含量及元素计量比变化不显著。【结论】伊犁绢蒿与木地肤的养分利用策略不同,伊犁绢蒿以吸收利用P为主,木地肤以吸收利用N和K为主,伊犁绢蒿的生长率高于木地肤。封育对荒漠草地两种植物的生态化学计量特征影响不显著。     

鳢肠种子萌发及出苗条件的研究

通过萌发试验研究了温度、光照、pH、水势、盐分对鳢肠种子萌发以及埋土深度对其出苗的影响。结果表明:鳢肠种子萌发适宜温度为25～40℃,最适35℃;鳢肠为光敏感性种子,在光照条件下才能萌发,在黑暗中萌发受到抑制,但不同光照周期对种子萌发率没有明显影响;鳢肠种子对pH具有广泛的适应性,在pH为4～10范围内均可萌发;鳢肠种子对水势非常敏感,随着溶液水势从0下降至-0.5 MPa,萌发率从97.78%降低为4.44%;对盐分不敏感,当NaCl浓度为0.15mol.L-1时,萌发率为42.22%。表土层的鳢肠种子出苗率最高,当埋土深度大于0.5 cm时不能出苗。该研究表明:耕作将种子带入土层,可有效治理鳢肠的危害。     

一种侵染鳢肠的双生病毒基因组特征

菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒是热带及亚热带地区经济作物的重要病原病毒,该类病毒在田间的杂草寄主范围较为广泛。本研究从云南红河流域采集到叶脉黄化的鳢肠植株,经克隆获得了菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒分离物YN3306,该分离物核苷酸序列全长2749 nt,具有典型的双生病毒基因组结构特征。进一步分析发现,分离物属于金腰剑曲叶病毒(Synedrella leaf curl virus,SyLCV),RDP软件分析表明,该分离物是由烟草曲茎病毒(Tobacco curly shoot virus,Tb CSV)、云南烟草曲叶病毒(Tobacco leaf curl Yunnan virus,TbLCYnV)和金腰剑曲叶病毒重组产生的病毒。本研究首次报道了GenBank中在印度注册的SyLCV可以侵染鳢肠植株。     

Growth and photosynthesis of four invasive aquatic plant species in Europe

Crassula helmsii , Hydrocotyle ranunculoides , Ludwigia grandiflora and Myriophyllum aquaticum are four well known invasive aquatic plants in European waters. In this study, plant growth at different nutrient availabilities, regeneration capacity and photosynthesis were investigated. Results show high relative growth rates (RGR) of the species of up to 0.132 ± 0.008 g g⁻¹ dry weight (dw) day⁻¹ ( H. ranunculoides ) and a significant increase in RGR with increasing nutrient availability. All species show a high regeneration capacity and the ability to form new shoots from single nodes, even though it differs between the species. Ludwigia grandiflora and M. aquaticum also show regeneration from single leaves. Species differed in maximal amounts, and in temperature and light optima of net assimilation rates: H. ranunculoides leaves reach maximum photosynthetic rates of up to 3500 μmol CO₂ × h⁻¹ g⁻¹ dw, L. grandiflora (leaves) up to 2200 μmol CO₂ × h⁻¹ g⁻¹ dw, M. aquaticum (shoots) 400   μmol CO₂ × h⁻¹ g⁻¹ dw and C. helmsii (shoots) up to 200 μmol CO₂ × h⁻¹ g⁻¹ dw. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides , L. grandiflora and M. aquaticum preferred high light intensity and high temperatures, whilst C. helmsii was negatively affected by intense sunlight. Summarising, it can be assumed that at least H. ranunculoides , L. grandiflora and M. aquaticum can grow well under current and likely future central European climate conditions.     

Ludwigia hyssopifolia emergence and growth as affected by light, burial depth and water management

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of light, seed burial depth, and flooding on germination, emergence and growth of Ludwigia hyssopifolia. Germination was strongly stimulated by light, suggesting that seeds of this species are positively photoblastic. Seeds sown on the soil surface gave the greatest percentage of seedling emergence in plastic trays, and no seedlings emerged from seeds buried in soil at depths of ≥1 cm. Intermittent or shallow flooding suppressed emergence and growth of L. hyssopifolia. Flooding to a depth of 2 cm for 4 days out of 7 days reduced seedling emergence by more than 71% and seedling dry matter by 97% compared to where the soil had not been flooded. Flooding up to a depth of 10 cm however, when delayed to 21 days after sowing, did not significantly suppress growth of this species. This study illustrates the role of seed burial by tillage and flooding as two important tools for the management of L. hyssopifolia.     

不同底泥处理对软叶丁香蓼去除水体中氮素的影响

选用沉水植物软叶丁香蓼(Ludwigia hyssopifoliaExell)为材料,结合不同的底泥处理,在人工模拟条件下研究了水体中几种氮形态变化的影响.结果表明,开始阶段因裸露底泥处理会向水体中释放出不同形态的氮素,使水体总氮含量有所增加.但试验的后期因软叶丁香蓼对铵态氮,尤其是对硝态氮的吸收作用,以及底泥中大量硝化和反硝化菌参与的硝化反硝化作用,会使软叶丁香蓼配合裸土的处理加快水体中氮的去除.在处理50 d后,软叶丁香蓼 裸露底泥(植物裸土)的处理和软叶丁香蓼 包裹底泥(植物包土)的处理对氮素的去除已经没有显著差异,说明在一定条件下底泥对水质的影响并非总是负作用,尤其在与一些高等水生植物组成的生态系统中能起到营养物质"库"的作用.     

鲤肠黄脉病样中烟粉虱传双生病毒的检测

在严重发生番茄曲叶病的田间,发现主要杂草鲤肠表现出叶脉褪绿黄化、叶片皱缩或卷曲等症状,田间病株率达63%;用烟粉虱传双生病毒兼并引物对随机采集的20个鲤肠病样进行PCR检测,结果发现,从这些病样中均能扩增出1条356 bp的特异片段;室内人工接种试验结果显示,鲤肠分离物可以侵染番茄而引起曲叶症状。因此,鲤肠可能是广东番茄曲叶病毒的自然中间寄主。     

鳢肠成株及结实等特性研究

鳢肠平均株高64.89 cm,分布范围18.40～103.58 cm;平均鲜重44.3657 g,分布范围14.8834～74.5400 g;平均分枝8.94个,分布范围1.27～16.34个.由结实调查结果可知,鳢肠平均果盘数每株113个、种子粒数为每果盘89粒、种子千粒重为0.4697 g,平均理论结实量为每株10 057粒.