镉毒性研究进展

本文综述了动物生产领域对镉的研究结果。这些内容包括 :(1)镉的化学特性 ;(2)镉在自然界的分布 ;(3)镉的生物学作用 ;(4)镉在动物体内的吸收和排泄 ;(5)镉对动物的危害 ;(6)镉与其它物质之间的关系 ;(7)镉的需要量、中毒量及饲料中镉的最大允许量。     

Serum 5'nucleotidase activity in rats: a method for automated analysis and criteria for interpretation

A manual kit for determining serum 5'nucleotidase (5'NT, EC 3.1.3.5) activity was adapted for use with rat samples on a large discrete clinical chemistry analyzer. The precision of the method was good (within-run C.V. = 2.14%; between-run C.V. = 5.5%). A comparison of the new automated method with a manual and semi-automated method gave regression statistics of y = 1.18X -3.66 (Sy. x = 4.54), and y = 0.733X + 1.97 (Sy. x = 1.69), respectively. Temperature conversion factors provided by the kit manufacturer for human samples were determined to be inaccurate for converting results from rat samples. Analysis of components contributing to normal variation in rat serum 5'NT activity showed age and sex to be major factors. Increased serum 5'NT activity was observed in female rats when compared to male rats beginning at about 5 to 6 weeks of age. An analysis of variance of serum 5'NT, alkaline phosphatase, and GGT activities observed over a 9-week period in normal rats suggests several advantages for 5'NT as a predictor of biliary lesions in rats.     

黄花蒿提取物对菜蚜的杀虫活性研究

以丙酮、乙醇及水作溶剂，研究了黄花蒿全株干粉的3种溶剂提取物及其提取物不同浓度对菜蚜的触杀和胃毒活性。结果表明3种提取物对蚜虫都具有较强的毒杀活性，回归分析表明随着浓度升高杀虫时间缩短。LD50结果说明丙酮提取物的杀虫活性最强，乙醇提取物次之，最次是水提取物。独立样本t检验比较触杀效果和胃毒效果，表明黄花蒿各提取物均是触杀效果高于胃毒作用。     

PCR技术在农药学研究中的应用

聚合酶链式反应具有灵敏度高、特异性强和操作简便等优点,是应用最为广泛的分子生物技术之一。目前,农药学越来越多的研究涉及分子和基因,PCR技术有着广泛的应用前景。本文简要介绍PCR技术的基本原理和特点,以及其在靶标生物抗药性研究、农药环境毒理、农药作用机理、生物农药的开发等方面的应用。     

我国农药科学之发展

中国是世界农药生产大国,生产能力已达100万吨左右,约1/2产品出口到世界农药市场。半个多世纪以来中国农药的发展趋势基本上与世界农药的发展同步。近年来已开始自主合成新农药,有21种已获得中国专利。农药毒理学是农药研究开发的重要基础研究领域,是新农药研究开发之本,不论在新化合物的合成筛选还是农药的剂型和制剂开发利用方面,生理毒理学和宏观毒理学的深入研究都将为新农药的研究开发提供强大的推动力。本文介绍了世界某些重要农药生产公司在新农药研发方面的成功经验,可供中国新农药和农药剂型及制剂研究开发部门共享。     

鹅膏菌毒素的研究进展

鹅膏菌的主要毒素根据其结构、性质等可分为鹅膏毒肽、鬼笔毒肽和毒伞素3类。通过对毒肽进行定向修饰,可以改造它们的化学性质和生物学特性。随着对它们的深入了解和研究,这3类毒肽已经成为具有广阔研究和应用前景的新兴资源。为进一步认识和利用这些资源,本文对鹅膏菌毒素的分布、检测、化学结构、化学性质、代谢动力学、毒理,临床症状与治疗,以及综合利用等方面的研究进展作了系统的总结和评述。     

Current status and future strategy in breeding grasspea (Lathyrus sativus)

Efforts in grasspea (Lathyrus sativus) improvement have increased since the development of lines that are very low in the neurotoxin Beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha-beta-diamino propionic acid (ODAP); also referred to as Beta-N oxalyl-amino-L-alanine (BOAA). Many programs now address several related aspects of improvement simultaneously. These include reduced ODAP concentrations, insect and disease resistance, nitrogen fixation, agronomic practices, fodder and forage production, and components for increased yielding ability. The coordinated, multidisciplinary approach now being applied to the genetic improvement of grasspea should allow the potential of this largely neglected grain legume to be fully realized.     

除草剂阿特拉津影响大鼠脏器功能的毒理学研究

试验研究了除草剂阿特拉津对大鼠脏器功能的影响。选用SD大鼠120只．雌雄各半，随机分成4组．分别按每千克体重200mg，100mg，10mg，0mg，设置高、中、低剂量3个处理组和1个对照组，药物配成乳浊液灌胃．并于喂药15d和30d采样测定甲状腺、胸腺、心脏、肺脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、生殖腺等脏器与体重的相对比值。实验结果表明：阿特拉津对动物的代谢器官(肝脏、肾脏)具有损伤作用，使其发生退行性病变，中、高剂量组损伤作用尤为明显；阿特拉津使大鼠的免疫器官——胸腺、脾脏发生退行性病变，高剂量组损伤作用最为明显；雄性大鼠睾丸发生退行性病变，雌性大鼠卵巢则出现增生性病变，进而可能影响到大鼠的生殖功能。