Performance evaluation of venturi aeration system

The venturi aeration is an effective practice to increase the dissolved oxygen accessibility in the water bodies. This study aims to optimize the various geometrical parameters of the venturi aeration system. A non-dimensional technique was applied to find the optimum performance of various geometric parameters i.e. throat lengths (t_l), number of air holes (N), and converging and diverging angles (α and β). These experiments have been carried out using 1124 L capacity of tank having dimensions of 105 cm long, 105 cm wide and 102 cm deep. The experiments were conducted at a constant flow velocity of water (1.096 m/s) with varying throat length (t_l = 20–100 mm keeping 20 mm as interval between two consecutive length), number of air holes (N = 1–17 at an equal hole to hole distance of 5 mm between them), and converging and diverging angles (α and β = 10°, 15°, 20° and 25°). Multiple non-linear regression equations were also developed from the linear relation with the dependent variable (Non-dimensional form of standard aeration efficiency, NDSAE) and independent variables (t_l and N). With the geometrically optimized venturi aerator the optimum performance was found for t_l =100 mm, N = 17, and α and β = 15°. The maximum value of standard oxygen transfer rate (SOTR) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE) obtained was 0.0216 kgO₂/h and 0.611 kgO₂/kWh respectively. From the non-dimensional study, it was found that the NDSAE is the function Reynolds number (Re) and Froude number (Fr). The simulation equations were developed on the basis of Re and Fr for NDSAE, and subjected to 7.378 × 10⁻⁶ < Re < 3.689 × 10^-5 and 0.163 < Fr < 0.817, respectively.     

沙棘果实中主要活性成分质量分布

沙棘作为一种抗逆性、适应性、萌蘖性较强的植物资源，被广泛应用于黄土丘陵地区荒山绿化、土壤改良、水土保持和砒砂岩治理。沙棘不仅具有良好的生态价值，其果实中富含多种生物活性物质。本文凝练了沙棘果实中活性化合物的构成、分布及活性特征，并对沙棘果实活性物质的研究进行展望。基于相关文献，针对黄酮、花青素、酚酸、有机酸、肌醇、维生素、类胡萝卜素、不饱和脂肪酸、甾醇等广泛存在于沙棘果实中的化学成分进行总结分析，提供沙棘果实中上述活性物质分布情况的综合信息。研究表明，针对沙棘果实中活性物质的构成、分布和活性特征的研究较为丰富，但在部分领域仍缺乏研究，如栽培技术条件对活性物质的影响，活性物质与沙棘果实加工中异味的关联性等。本文为沙棘果实在食品、药品及保健品行业中的综合利用提供了理论支撑，为促进沙棘资源在经济中的全面发展提供参考。      

岩溶流域典型农业区水体氢氧同位素的空间异质性及形成机制

分别于平水期和枯水期采集了花溪河流域典型农业区地表水和地下水样品。利用氢氧同位素示踪技术,结合土地利用类型对研究区不同水体的补给来源、季节变化及主要影响过程进行了分析,并对不同水体氢氧同位素值进行了空间插值分析,同时对其形成机制进行了分析,阐明了不同土地利用类型影响下的主要水文过程。结果表明:(1)研究区不同水体的主要补给来源为当地大气降水,月亮湖水库受蒸发作用影响明显,地表水和地下水的δD和δ~(18)O整体上呈现平水期高于枯水期的特征。(2)地下水的δD和δ~(18)O在枯水期与平水期均呈现明显的空间分异性特征,西部水田/水库集中区富集,东部旱地集中区贫化,土地利用对研究区环境水文过程影响明显。该研究结果有助于了解不同土地利用方式下地表水对地下水的影响,为流域管理提供科学依据。     

PEI/APP改性脲醛树脂制备阻燃胶合板及性能

以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为改性剂处理聚磷酸铵(APP)制备得到APP@PEI阻燃体系,并将其加入到脲醛树脂(UF)中,制备阻燃胶合板。研究了APP@PEI对UF胶黏剂理化性能的影响,并进一步探讨其对胶合性能及阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:APP、PEI和APP@PEI对UF的黏度、pH和固化时间均有影响。当APP添加量为10%时,UF的黏度由3.843 Pa·s上升至8.270 Pa·s,pH降至5.67,固化时间由91 s降至87 s;当PEI添加量为0.91%时,由于UF体系中支化和交联程度增加,黏度上升至41.433 Pa·s,pH和固化时间分别提升至9.91和116.3 s;而APP@PEI能降低对UF各项性能的影响,添加10%APP@PEI时UF的黏度、pH和固化时间分别为5.966 Pa·s、6.33和94.3 s。添加APP后,胶合板的胶合强度均低于Ⅱ类胶合板强度标准(0.7 MPa);添加PEI后,胶合板的胶合强度能够提升18%以上;APP@PEI添加量为10%时,胶合板的胶合强度达0.85 MPa,高于Ⅱ类胶合板强度标准要求。添加APP、PEI和APP@PEI对胶合板的阻燃性能有不同影响,单独添加PEI无法改善胶合板的阻燃性能,当APP和APP@PEI添加量为10%,15%和20%时,胶合板的极限氧指数(LOI)分别比未添加阻燃剂时提高0.8%,2.0%,2.5%和1.2%,2.2%,3.1%。     

不同光质LED光源对鱼腥草幼苗膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶的影响

以鱼腥草为材料,以日光灯处理为对照,分析了不同光质LED光源(白、红、黄、绿、蓝LED灯)对鱼腥草叶片活性氧、类黄酮含量及抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明,蓝光下叶片中TBARS(硫代巴比妥酸)含量最高,较对照高30.18%,与希夫试剂染色结果相一致;过氧化氢产生最多,较对照高190.21%,与DAB染色结果一致;超氧阴离子产生速率在蓝光下最高,为对照组的1.54倍,白光下最低;蓝、绿光下脯氨酸含量是对照的2倍;蓝光和黄光处理下,黄酮含量较对照提高了21.4%。蓝、绿光提高了SOD2同工酶的表达,且在蓝光下最高;蓝、绿、红、黄光处理分别诱导了更多的POD基因位点的表达;不同LED光质均提高了CAT抗氧化酶活性,其中蓝、绿光下CAT同工酶的表达量明显高于对照。综上所述,蓝色光处理可以有效提高幼苗的抗氧化能力,可为鱼腥草品质的控制提供参考。     

植物源活性成分对有机磷农药的降解效果研究

为探索有机磷农药降解的新途径和方法,以大黄、海桐皮、木槿皮、五倍子按9:4:3:2质量份数混合,粉碎并以水浸泡,以GC-MS定量检测法、农残速测法,通过比较试验前后有机磷农药浓度变动,明确其对有机磷农药的降解效果。结果表明,2 min内浸提液对毒死蜱、对硫磷2种有机磷农药降解率分别达到93.6%、92.9%;浸提液17 h内对敌敌畏降解率为66.67%,11 h内对毒死蜱降解率为48.69%。本研究表明,大黄、海桐皮、木槿皮、五倍子浸提液对毒死蜱、对硫磷、敌敌畏等有机磷农药有显著降解效果。     

Simulation of future dissolved oxygen distribution in pond culture based on sliding window-temporal convolutional network and trend surface analysis

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key ecological factor to measure the quality of water in the aquaculture. As the pond water body is affected by the breeding environment, the spatial distribution of DO shows a certain law in the entire pond. Therefore, to simulate the distribution of DO in aquaculture waters and grasp the temporal and spatial variation of DO is the key to achieving precise regulation of DO. For this purpose, this paper proposed a method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution of DO in pond culture based on a sliding window-temporal convolutional network together with trend surface analysis (SW-TCN-TSA). This paper first utilized SW to construct DO data sets with different prediction durations, and then used the improved TCN model to realize one-dimensional time series prediction for DO at single monitoring point. Based on the prediction results of DO, a TSA method was performed on the predicted values of DO at the extreme moments of all discrete monitoring points, so as to realize the simulation of the temporal and spatial distribution of DO in the pond. Experimental results show that the SW-TCN model has better prediction performance for one-dimensional time series prediction of DO. Compared with traditional deep networks, such as CNN, GRU, LSTM, CNN-GRU and CNN-LSTM, the values of evaluation indicators (MSE, MAE and RMSE) have been greatly improved. In the process of trend surface fitting, all fitting R² of DO at different water depths are higher than 0.9, indicating that the TSA can accurately reflect the temporal and spatial distribution of DO. This method can provide a basis for the prediction and early warning of DO in the three-dimensional space of the pond and has high practicability in aquaculture.     

草莓白化相关病毒中国分离物全基因组分析

草莓白化相关病毒(strawberrypallidosis-associatedvirus,SPa V)属于长线形病毒科(Closteroviridae)毛形病毒属(Crinivirus),可引起草莓病害,2017年在中国首次报道。采用高通量测序、RACE和RT-PCR技术获得了SPa V中国分离物(FJ)的基因组全长。该病毒含有两条正单链基因组RNA1和RNA2。RNA1全长8 048 nt,5′和3′非编码区序列分别为264和197 nt,含有3个开放阅读框(ORF),分别编码ORF 1a/1b融合蛋白和p9蛋白。RNA2全长7 977 nt,5′和3′非编码区序列分别为248和186 nt,含有8个开放阅读框(ORF),分别编码HSP70h、CPh、CP、CPm、p7、p6、p9和p28等8个蛋白。RNA1和RNA2与美国M1分离物分别具有98.5%和99.0%的核苷酸一致性;系统发育分析结果表明,SPa V中国分离物(FJ)单独处在一个分支。对SPa V来源的小RNA的分析表明,来源于SPa V的小RAN长度以21和22 nt为主。     

活性生物增产降解剂在西瓜穴盘育苗中的应用效果

为研究新型活性生物增产降解剂在西瓜穴盘育苗中的应用效果,设计了浸种试验和不同浓度苗期喷施效果试验,以清水为对照,对比分析了幼苗的生长状况。结果表明:在浸种试验中,试剂处理第4天平均发芽率(88.05%)显著高于对照组(78.15%),试剂处理第7天平均发芽率(90.63%)也高于对照组(88.01%)。在不同浓度苗期喷施效果试验中,通过壮苗性状对比,显示活性生物增产降解剂与清水质量比例为1∶100时,西瓜穴盘苗在茎粗及根系方面都表现最好。     

日光温室主动采光对不同种植密度番茄光合特性的影响

【目的】研究日光温室在主动采光与普通采光条件下,对其环境以及番茄叶片光合特性的影响。【方法】在主动采光与普通采光的2种日光温室内,设计4、6、8 株/m² 3种不同的番茄种植密度处理,连续3 d(晴天的条件)测得日光温室环境与番茄叶片光合作用的相关数据。【结果】主动采光日光温室环境温湿度、光照辐射方面优于非主动采光日光温室,主动采光日光温室的光照辐射均值较普通采光日光温室在3 d内分别高出了4.39%、5.85%、5.67%;两栋日光温室番茄的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率呈现随着密度的增加而减弱的现象,胞间CO₂浓度则相反;就不同采光日光温室而言,主动采光日光温室番茄的光合特性较普通采光日光温室高。【结论】日光温室主动采光在环境以及番茄光合特性方面均优越于普通采光日光温室。