水稻不同穗型品种穗颈节间组织与籽粒充实特性的研究

本文用7个不同穗型的中稻品种,研究了重穗型、中穗型、轻穗型品种的穗颈节间组织特性及其与籽粒充实的关系.结果表明:穗颈节间维管束数目,维管束、韧皮部面积,茎横切面、茎壁、髓腔面积,均是重穗型>中穗型>轻穗型品种.穗颈节间输导组织特征与空壳率的大小无关,但它是籽粒充实的重要前提和解剖学基础.穗颈节间茎的粗度、茎壁的     

日粮硒水平对4~6月龄绒山羊生长性能和组织抗氧化能力的影响

旨在研究日粮硒水平对4~6月龄绒山羊生长性能和组织抗氧化能力的影响,为确定绒山羊羔羊日粮中适宜的硒供给量提供依据。选用体况良好、体质量接近的4月龄陕北白绒山羊羯羔羊24只,采用单因子随机区组设计分为4组,分别饲喂硒含量为0.11、0.21、0.41、0.61 mg/kg的4种试验日粮,试验期为60 d。结果表明:①日粮硒水平对绒山羊羔羊平均日增量无显著影响(P>0.05)。②肝脏和肌肉中的硒含量以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性随日粮硒含量的提高而升高。当日粮硒含量为0.11~0.41 mg/kg时,肝脏和肌肉组织中的硒含量以及GSH-Px活性均随日粮硒含量的升高而显著升高(P<0.05);当日粮中硒含量为0.41~0.61 mg/kg时,肝脏和肌肉组织中的硒含量以及GSH-Px活性不再随日粮硒水平的增大而继续显著增大(P>0.05);两种组织中的硒含量和GSH-Px活性之间存在高度正相关。③肝脏和肌肉组织中的丙二醛(MDA)含量随着日粮硒含量的提高而降低。当日粮硒含量为0.41~0.61 mg/kg时,肝脏和肌肉中MDA含量均保持较稳定水平。因此,4~6月龄绒山羊日粮中硒含量为0.41 mg/kg时...     

荧光茧色判性家蚕黄酮合酶Ⅰ（BmFNS Ⅰ）基因在家蚕组织内的表达差异

采用荧光定量PCR分别检测不同品种荧光判性家蚕雌、雄家蚕的中肠、丝腺和脂肪体中的黄酮合酶Ⅰ（BmFNS Ⅰ）基因的表达。结果表明,家蚕BmFNSI基因在各品种荧光判性家蚕中肠中的相对表达量最高,其次是脂肪体,在丝腺中的表达量比较低,说明BmFNSI基因在对家蚕食物桑叶内的黄酮类化合物的合成代谢中起重要作用;但是在各品种荧光判性家蚕的雌、雄中肠中的表达并无明显差异,说明荧光判性家蚕雌、雄蚕在对桑叶内的黄酮类化合物的合成代谢途径上不存在差异,至少在FNSI基因所调节的黄酮类化合物的合成代谢上不存在差异。     

藏雪莲水提取物对小白鼠组织中一氧化氮含量的影响

[目的]研究藏雪莲水提取物对小白鼠组织中一氧化氮含量的影响,为藏雪莲抗缺氧机制的研究提供参考。[方法]将100只小白鼠随机分为高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组和对照组,连续24 d分别灌服不同剂量的藏雪莲水提取物和生理盐水,然后处死小白鼠快速采取肝、肺、心肌和骨骼肌,测定各组织内一氧化氮的含量。[结果]结果表明,高剂量组的肝、肺和骨骼肌和中剂量组的肝中一氧化氮含量中显著高于对照组和低剂量组,差异极显著(P<0.01);中剂量组的肺和骨骼肌中一氧化氮含量高于对照和低剂量组,差异显著(P<0.05);对照组的心肌中一氧化氮含量高于各药物组,差异极显著(P<0.01)。[结论]藏雪莲能够提高小白鼠肝、肺和骨骼肌中一氧化氮的含量,降低心肌中的含量。     

饲喂膨化全脂大豆对奶牛组织中PUFAs及CLA含量变化的影响

本文旨在研究高产奶牛饲喂膨化全脂大豆对奶牛组织PUFAs及CLA含量变化的影响。选取12头年龄、体重、胎次、泌乳期及泌乳量相近的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为试验组和对照组,每组6头进行饲养试验。在饲喂全混合日粮的基础上,试验组每天饲喂1 kg膨化全脂大豆,对照组不添加,试验期12周。试验结束后屠宰奶牛并取肝脏、肾脏、乳腺3种组织中带有导管的部位,分别测定各组织PUFAs及CLA含量。结果表明:(1)添加膨化全脂大豆对奶牛肝脏、肾脏和乳腺等组织脂肪酸的合成转化产生不同的影响,日粮脂肪酸在组织内转化过程中可能受多种酶的作用;(2)乳腺C18∶1 trans-11在对照组为0.57%,而试验组为27.01%,差异极显著(P<0.01),乳腺是合成转化PUFAs及CLA主要组织,同时也是牛乳中PUFAs及CLA主要来源。奶牛日粮添加膨化全脂大豆能够显著改善牛乳品质;与肝脏、肾脏相比,乳腺具有更高的长链不饱和脂肪酸含量;肝脏、肾脏、乳腺在对日粮脂肪酸合成与转化过程中相关性不显著。     

The effect of dietary yeast and protected methionine on performance and trace minerals status of growing Awassi lambs

Eighteen growing Awassi lambs were used in this study to determine the effect of supplementing two levels of yeast and methionine (cyc-methionine) on the trace elements bioavailability, growth rate, and general performance. The lambs were divided to three groups. The dietary treatments were the control diet (C), control diet plus 2 g cyc-methionine/lamb/day (T₁) and control diet plus 4 g cyc-methionine/lamb/day (T₂).

Lambs fed 2 g/day of cyc-methionine (T₁) showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) copper, zinc, and cobalt concentrations in liver and meat tissues, but not the same trend in kidney. No significant (P > 0.05) effect of time and time × treatment interaction on copper, zinc, cobalt, and manganese concentrations in blood serum, but cobalt and manganese concentration showed significant (P < 0.05) change by time. Moreover, a significantly (P < 0.05) higher total body gain, average daily gain, dressing percentage, and lower feed conversion were detected in lambs from T₁ compared with the control and T₂ groups.

Feeding 2 g of cyc-methionine to growing lambs increased the net profit by $6.017/lamb and only $3.52/lamb fed 4 g cyc-methionine/day when compared with the control group.

In conclusion, feeding growing Awassi lambs yeast and methionine in a form of cyc-methionine, with a low level of 2 g/day, improve the bioavailability of copper, zinc, and cobalt by growing lambs and their growth performance.     

Pathogenic 'Bison-type' Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis genotype characterized from riverine buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in North India

Despite low per-animal productivity of ruminants in developing countries, Johne's disease has not been investigated in buffaloes, which are primarily found in these countries. This is due to lack of expertise, diagnostic kits and priority to production diseases like Johne's disease. Presence of pathogenic Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) was investigated by screening of target tissues (mesenteric lymph nodes and large intestine) by culture and IS 900 PCR, in 50 sacrificed buffaloes. Indigenous ELISA kit originally developed for goats and sheep was standardized in buffaloes and used to estimate sero-presence of Map in 167 serum samples representing population of buffaloes in Agra region of North India. In culture, 48.0% buffaloes were positive from 50 tissues each from mesenteric lymph nodes (34.0%) and large intestine (36.0%). IS 900 PCR was standardized using specific primers (150 C and 921) and 229 bp-amplified product was characteristic for Map. Of the 25 mesenteric lymph nodes, 40.0% were positive in IS 900 PCR. Genomic DNA from Map cultures was successfully amplified from all the 24 isolates (100.0%). Map was further genotyped as 'Bison type' using IS 1311 PCR-REA. Culture of tissues showed high presence of Map in target tissues, despite high culling rate in buffalos in view of high demand of buffalo meat. Specific tissue-PCR provided rapid confirmation of Map infection in sacrificed buffaloes. In tissue-PCR, all the cultures were positive as compared to 40.0% detected directly from tissues. ELISA kit using indigenous protoplasmic antigen was highly sensitive as compared to commercial antigen in detecting Map infection therefore, could be used as 'Herd Screening Test' in buffaloes against Johne's disease. This pilot study first time reports a highly pathogenic 'Bison-type' genotype of M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis from the riverine buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of Agra region in North India.     

Studies on rickets and osteomalacia in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus)

Epidemiological studies have indicated incidences of 32.9% and 27.8% for rickets and osteomalacia, respectively, in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus), but there is an increased incidence under drought conditions, sometimes reaching 75%. We have found that concentrations of phosphorus and copper in forage and soil samples in a drought affected area were significantly lower than in a control area or normal reference values (P < 0.01) ; the mean Ca:P ratio in the forages was 50:1. The phosphorus content of blood and hair from affected camels was significantly less than that in controls (P < 0.01) and concentrations of copper in the liver and kidney were significantly lower in affected camels than control animals (P < 0.01); the concentrations of triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxine (T(4)) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the serum from affected animals were significantly higher than those from healthy controls (P < 0.01); serum inorganic phosphorus and ceruloplasmin levels were lower than those in the controls (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); the concentrations of serum alpha-globulin and beta-globulin were significantly higher in the affected camels than in the healthy controls (P < 0.01). The pathological changes seen in camels affected with rickets included porous, brittle, light, osteoporotic bones that were susceptible to fractures and had less resistance to cutting and sawing. Wrist joints were enlarged with an apparent bowing of the long bones in forelimb and with typical broadening of the epiphyses. In adult female camels, many enlarged scars were often seen in ribs indicating earlier fractures. The disease could be cured with supplementary bone meal, phosphate or mineral mixtures and in field investigations clinical signs disappeared within 15 days. Over the same period, the concentrations of phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in blood returned to normal. The disease may be effectively prevented by use of mineral blocks (block salt licks) or dosing orally with copper, selenium and cobalt soluble glass boluses. We conclude that rickets and osteomalacia are mainly caused by phosphorus and copper deficiencies in the pasture.     

粉蕉新品种组织培养中的防褐化研究

为降低粉蕉新品种组织培养中的褐化现象,提高组培成功率,以粉蕉新品种的健壮吸芽为外植体,研究不同激素浓度、培养条件、防褐剂种类浓度及转接方式对其外植体启动和继代增殖培养过程中组培苗褐化的影响。结果表明,在外植体启动培养阶段,6-BA浓度为1.0 mg/L时,褐化程度最低,新芽长势较好;继代增殖培养过程中,Tm为32℃,转接后前7 d暗培养、后8 d光照培养条件下,防褐化效果最佳;以培养基中添加0.05 g/L活性炭,对继代苗的防褐化效果较好;将继代丛芽分割切好后,先放到无菌水中浸泡1 h,再取出转接到新的继代培养基中,该转接方式的防褐化效果最明显。     

荧光茧色判性家蚕黄酮合酶Ⅰ（BmFNS Ⅰ）基因在家蚕组织内的表达差异

采用荧光定量PCR分别检测不同品种荧光判性家蚕雌、雄家蚕的中肠、丝腺和脂肪体中的黄酮合酶I（BmFNS I）基因的表达。结果表明,家蚕BmFNS I基因在各品种荧光判性家蚕中肠中的相对表达量最高,其次是脂肪体,在丝腺中的表达量较低,说明BmFNSI基因在对家蚕食物桑叶内的黄酮类化合物的合成代谢中起重要作用;但是在各品种荧光判性家蚕的雌、雄中肠中的表达并无明显差异,说明荧光判性家蚕雌、雄蚕在对桑叶内的黄酮类化合物的合成代谢途径上不存在差异,至少在FNS I基因所调节的黄酮类化合物的合成代谢上不存在差异。