Sperm cryopreservation of the noble Scallop Chlamys nobilis by a programmable freezing method: Effect of cryoprotectant

A study on Chlamys nobilis sperm cryopreservation by a programmable freezing method was conducted under laboratory condition. Four cryoprotectant agents (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], methanol [MET], propanediol[PG] and ethylene glycol [EG]) and four concentrations (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%) were evaluated for their ability to retain sperm motility, movement characteristics and fertility. Results showed that cryopreserved sperm total motility produced by DMSO and MET at 5%, 10% and 20% were higher than other cryoprotectant treatment groups (CPA groups), as well as rapid sperm percentage. The curvilinear (VCL) and straight line (VSL) velocity produced by DMSO at 5% significantly higher than other CPA groups (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found for average path (VAP) velocity. The lateral head displacement (ALH) in all CPA groups was similar and without significant difference (p > 0.05), as well as the beat‐cross frequency (BCF). A significant higher fertilization rate was produced in DMSO than that in MET at same concentration (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found for differing concentrations of the same cryoprotectant (p > 0.05). Overall, 5%‐20% DMSO was more suitable for Chlamys nobilis sperm programmable cryopreservation when the calcium‐free Hanks’ balanced salt solution was used as the extender, and 10°C/min from 0°C to ?80°C was used as freezing rate. The findings presented in this study will benefit conservation programs for Chlamys nobilis.     

树木嫩枝角,栓质层量与抗两种星天牛的关系

应用组织化学方法测定了６３种树种嫩枝中的淀粉，蛋白质，角质，栓质，单宁含量，经与天牛成贝选择取食量进行对比分析，结果说明，枝条中角质层，栓质层厚者抗虫，含量低者感虫，可作为选择抗虫性树种的指标之一。而蛋白质和淀粉相对含量与在牛选择取食量无关。     

两种星天牛成虫对树种的选择试验

模拟自然界纯林和混交林食料环境，测验了黄斑星天牛和光肩星天牛成虫知９７种参试树种上，栖息，取食，交配等选择行为。选拔出了一批具拒避作用的树种。     

Identification and pathogenicity study of emerging fish pathogens Acinetobacter junii and Acinetobacter pittii recovered from a disease outbreak in Labeo catla (Hamilton, 1822) and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) of freshwater wetland in West Bengal,India

The disease outbreaks in aquaculture system of wetlands are the major cause of fish mortality. Among various bacterial septicaemic diseases, fish mortality caused by Acinetobacter spp. is recently reported in different fish species. Fish disease outbreak was investigated in a wetland of West Bengal, India to identify the aetiological factors involved. The moribund fish were examined and subjected to bacterial isolation. Two bacterial causative agents were identified as Acinetobacter junii and Acinetobacter pittii by biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene amplification. Both the isolates were oxidase‐negative, nitrate‐negative, catalase‐positive and indole‐negative. The molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis further confirmed the two Acinetobacter spp. with 97%–99% similarity. The antibiotic resistance patterns of these two bacteria revealed that both of them were resistant to β‐lactam, cefalexin, cephalothin, amoxyclav, cefuroxime, cefadroxil, clindamycin, vancomycin and penicillin. In addition, A. pittii was also resistant to other antibiotics of cephams group such as ceftazidime and cefotaxime. In the challenge experiment, both A. junii and A. pittii were found to be pathogenic with LD₅₀ of 1.24 × 10⁵ and 1.88 × 10⁷ cfu/fish respectively. Histopathological examination of gill, liver and kidney revealed prominent changes supporting bacterial septicaemia. The investigation reports for the first time on concurrent infection by A. junii and multidrug‐resistant (MDR)‐A. pittii as emerging fish pathogens to cause severe mortality in Labeo catla and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in a freshwater wetland.     

核桃枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

In May 2018,a new shoot dieback disease was found in several walnut orchards in Rizhao,Shandong Province.The fungal pathogen was obtained on PDA plate from diseased walnut shoots using a tissue isolation method.The purified fungal isolates formed white to grey colonies on PDA plate and three single spore isolates SDWa1-SDWa3 were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),calmodulin (CAL),translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences,the fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe nobilis,a new pathogen on walnut.The test of Koch's rule confirmed that D.nobilis was the pathogen of walnut shoot dieback.To determine optimal growing conditions for the pathogen,its biological characteristics test was conducted.The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 25℃ and pH 5-9,respectively.The optimum carbon source was glucose,and favourable nitrogen source was peptone.     

鳙目标强度和行为特征的水声学研究

使用EY60回声探测仪于2010年5月10-15日、9月28-29日分别对5种不同体长规格的鳙进行了目标强度及昼夜行为的现场测定.结果显示:鳙的全长范围为30.05～80.00cm,体长范围为25.10～68.80 cm,体重范围为0.3～6.0kg,对应的有效目标强度范围为-51.84～-42.06dB,最大目标强度...     

两种不同营养类型水库鲢、鳙肌肉营养成分的比较

实验采用国标(GB)的检测方法,依据联合国粮农组织(FAO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)的评价标准,对不同营养类型的金沙河水库和桃园河水库的鲢、鳙肌肉营养成分进行了分析比较。结果表明,金沙河水库鲢、鳙的粗蛋白(P<0.05)含量显著高于桃园河水库,金沙河水库鳙的粗脂肪含量显著高于桃园河水库(P<0.05)。两座水库鲢、鳙的氨基酸种类组成相同,但金沙河水库鲢的氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于桃园河水库(P<0.05),而其余氨基酸含量的差异不显著。金沙河水库鲢、鳙的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)均大于桃园河水库。综合这些指标,认为金沙河水库鲢、鳙鱼肌肉品质高于桃园河水库。     

鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼消化道结构与食性的研究

本文通过组织解剖与切片法测量了鲤、草、鲢、鳙的相关生物学参数,系统观察了四种鱼的消化道肌肉层、肠绒毛以及粘液细胞的显微结构及分布特点,探究其与食性的相互关系。结果显示：鲤比肠长1.0,环行肌较纵行肌发达,肠绒毛丰富,粘液细胞均匀分布在整个消化道中;草鱼比肠长2.13,消化道组织结构均一,肌肉壁中纵行肌所占比例高,粘液细胞体积小,分散于整个消化道中,肠绒毛极发达;鲢比肠长8.49,环行肌极发达,粘液细胞集中于消化道前段,肠绒毛由前至后逐渐呈短粗状;鳙比肠长4.58,环行肌极为发达,粘液细胞数量多且均匀地分布于消化道前、中段,肠绒毛较为稀疏短粗,粘液细胞较少。这四种鱼消化道的组织结构特征与各自食性密切相关。     

鲢、鳙对三角帆蚌池塘藻类影响的围隔实验

以浙江金华汤溪威旺养殖基地的三角帆蚌养殖水体为研究对象,通过围隔实验比较研究了单养鲢、鳙和三角帆蚌的池塘浮游植物密度、生物量和优势种(属)组成等的差异,以及养蚌池混养鲢鳙对水体浮游植物密度、生物量以及优势种变化的影响。结果表明,养蚌(10#)围隔的浮游植物平均密度和生物量均显著高于高密度鲢(12#)围隔(P<0.05),其蓝藻数量及生物量显著高于高密度鲢(12#)和低密度鳙(13#)围隔(P<0.05),绿藻数量则显著低于低密度鲢单养(11#)围隔(P<0.05)。在鱼蚌混养的情况下,单养蚌(10#)围隔浮游植物平均数量显著高于鲢-蚌混养(15#,16#)和鳙-蚌混养(17#,18#)围隔(P<0.05),其蓝藻数量及生物量极显著高于鲢-蚌混养(15#,16#)或鳙-蚌(17#,18#)围隔(P<0.01),其绿藻数量显著低于混养高密度鲢(16#)或低密度鳙(17#)的混养围隔(P<0.05)。研究结果充分说明,鲢、鳙和三角帆蚌三者对水体藻类组成的影响有别,三角帆蚌养殖池中适当混养鲢或鳙可以有效控制蓝藻(铜绿微囊藻)的生长,促进绿藻(四尾栅藻)的生长,并最终有利于三角帆蚌的养殖,混养鲢密度的增加有利于控制藻类生长,而鳙密度的增加促进了裸藻等中大型藻类的生长。     

Ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma in a northern red-shouldered macaw: case report and literature review

A 4-mo-old northern red-shouldered macaw (Diopsittaca nobilis) was admitted to the veterinary hospital of the Arruda Câmara Zoo, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, for investigation of an orbital mass. Given rapid progression and lack of response to treatment, the bird was euthanized, and an autopsy was performed. Histologically, the mass consisted of a retrobulbar invasive tumor characterized by tubular and rosette-like structures, with interspersed heteroplastic tissues, such as aggregates of neuroglial cells and islands of hyaline cartilage. The tumor was immunopositive for pancytokeratin, GFAP, NSE, and S100. These findings were compatible with an ocular teratoid medulloepithelioma, a neoplasm best described in humans but also reported rarely in young cockatiels and African Grey parrots.