鲤、鲢、鳙、草鱼消化道结构与食性的研究

本文通过组织解剖与切片法测量了鲤、草、鲢、鳙的相关生物学参数,系统观察了四种鱼的消化道肌肉层、肠绒毛以及粘液细胞的显微结构及分布特点,探究其与食性的相互关系。结果显示：鲤比肠长1.0,环行肌较纵行肌发达,肠绒毛丰富,粘液细胞均匀分布在整个消化道中;草鱼比肠长2.13,消化道组织结构均一,肌肉壁中纵行肌所占比例高,粘液细胞体积小,分散于整个消化道中,肠绒毛极发达;鲢比肠长8.49,环行肌极发达,粘液细胞集中于消化道前段,肠绒毛由前至后逐渐呈短粗状;鳙比肠长4.58,环行肌极为发达,粘液细胞数量多且均匀地分布于消化道前、中段,肠绒毛较为稀疏短粗,粘液细胞较少。这四种鱼消化道的组织结构特征与各自食性密切相关。

Relationship between digestive tract structure and feeding habits in common carp,grass carp,silver carp and bighead carp

Microstructures of musculi,villus intestinalis,and mucous cells were measured and observed in digestive tracts of common carp Cyprinus carpio,grass carp Ctenopharyngodon ideallus,silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp Aristichthys nobilis by paraffin section,and H E and AB staining methods to evaluate the relationship between digestive tract and feeding habits.Results showed that a ratio of intestine length to body length was found to be 1.0 in common carp whose circular smooth muscle was more developed than the longitudinal muscle.There were large quantity of villi in the common carp intestine in which the mucous cells were uniformly distributed.Grass carp had the ratio of intestine length to body length=2.13,and the more developed longitudinal muscle than circular smooth muscle.There were relatively small mucous cells and uniform distribution in the whole digestive tract with developed villus intestinalis in grass carp.The ratio of intestine length to body length was found to be 8.49 in silver carp which had very developed circular smooth muscle.The mucous cells of silver carp were shown to be mainly distributed in the anterior digestive tract,the villus intestinalis gradually becoming shorter and thicker.Like silver carp,bighead carp had a ratio of intestine length to body length=4.58 and very developed circular smooth muscle,with large quantity of mucous cells in anterior and mid-digestive tract,and sparse villus intestinalis.In the hindgut,however,bighead carp had fewer mucous cells and short and thick villus intestinalis.The results proved that the histological characteristics of digestive tract in these fish were significantly related to their feeding habits..