Inflammation-related changes in cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in bovine mastitis

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cocentrations in milk and plasma samples from healthy and mastitic cows were determined by radioi-immunoassay and compared with prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 and thromboxane B2 [TXB2]), phospholipids and other relevant parameters in milk and blood. The concentrations of cAMP were about five times higher in plasma (p<0.01) than in milk, whereas the cGMP concentration in milk was three times higher (p<0.01) than that in plasma in both healthy and diseased animals. In mastitic milk, the cAMP and cGMP concentrations were 19% and 65% and in blood plasma 13% and 84% higher respectively than in healthy animals. In milk, cyclic nucleotide concentrations correlated with the markedly elevated cell count and also with the prostaglandin concentration and pH. In blood, cAMP correlated positively with phospholipids and cGMP with reduced glutathione (GSH). These changes are considered to be important in the disease process and, in particular, the increase in cGMP deserves further study.     

桑叶养猪实用技术

桑叶养猪实用技术分为桑树种植技术和桑叶干粉发酵养猪技术两个部分。利用荒地种植桑树,降低生猪养殖饲养成本,桑叶养猪种养结合,成为生态农业典范。桑叶干粉发酵技术,提高了桑叶干粉的可消化率和饲料功能。桑叶干粉发酵料占配方6%~10%,做成桑叶猪饲料,替代3%~5%鱼粉、豆粕等蛋白质饲料,节约了饲料成本。桑叶喂养猪(简称桑叶猪,下同)的猪肉中含有肌苷酸等风味物质,显著提高猪肉胴体品质和猪肉风味。设计猪尿处理,采用红泥膜沼气池降解工程工艺应用后,降解水兑2倍清水对桑树喷灌工艺,减少人工处理劳力和成本费用。设计10%抗非洲猪瘟中药饲料添加剂+桑叶饲料,预期防治非洲猪瘟总效果85%以上。桑叶养猪实用技术可行,供同行参考。     

大湘西地区绿茶风味轮及其滋味类型判别模型构建

以湖南大湘西地区39份绿茶样本为材料,进行感官审评,绘制风味轮,并以主要滋味成分含量为基础建立滋味类型贝叶斯(Bayes)判别模型,旨在了解大湘西地区绿茶品质情况,并为提升大湘西地区绿茶品质提供参考。结果表明:大湘西地区绿茶品质优良,汤色以浅绿色居多;香气类型包括嫩香、嫩栗香、栗香和清香;滋味特征类型有鲜、爽、厚;在此基础上,构建了大湘西地区鲜爽型、醇浓型和其它型绿茶的判别函数,具有较好的准确性,可用于对大湘西地区绿茶滋味类型的预测。     

Light modulation of volatile organic compounds from petunia flowers and select fruits

Light intensity, duration, direction, and wavelength are informative to plants. The biochemical circuits that connect specific light wavelengths to expression of specific genes and the metabolic networks they govern have been well defined. However, little emphasis has been placed on how discrete wavelengths of light, alone or in combination, may be applied to manipulate postharvest qualities of high-value horticultural crops. Using narrow-bandwidth LED light we test the hypothesis that discrete light wavelengths can affect the accumulation of volatile compounds known to affect aroma or taste in select flower and fruit products. Volatile benzenoid/phenylpropanoid emission from petunia flowers could be altered with light application. Levels of a key floral volatile, 2-phenylethanol, increased with a red and far-red light treatment. Similar experiments demonstrated that fruit volatile profiles of tomato, strawberry, and blueberry can be manipulated with specific light treatments. These results suggest that compounds affecting sensory qualities of flowers and fruits can be modified by adjustment of ambient light conditions. These findings open new areas of inquiry about how the fragrance and flavor of flowers and fruits may be improved with simple changes in postharvest light conditions.     

酸角挥发油香味成分分析及在卷烟中的应用

利用超临界CO2流体萃取酸角挥发油，平均出油率为2．46％。并利用气相色谱仪对酸角挥发油的20种主要香味成分进行了定量分析。通过卷烟加香试验发现，酸角挥发油能有效地掩盖卷烟杂气，使烟气柔和，香气细腻，对改进烟气质量作用明显。     

Immunostimulant effects of nucleotide isolated from yeast RNA on carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

Nucleotides from yeast RNA were evaluated for their ability to enhance the non-specific immune responses in carp, Cyprinus carpio . Oral administration of nucleotides to fish daily for 3 days resulted in enhanced responses of phagocytic and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activities in kidney phagocytic cells. This activation of kidney cells was observed for at least 10 days post-treatment. The serum complement and lysozyme activities also increased in fish treated with nucleotides. Furthermore, the number of Aeromonas hydrophila in nucleotide-treated fish significantly decreased in the blood, kidney and liver after intraperitoneal injection. Thus yeast nucleotides appear to enhance non-specific immune responses in fish.     

风味酱鸭加工工艺优化

[目的]优化风味酱鸭的加工工艺。[方法]以鸭腿为原料,选取腌制时间、煮制时间、葡萄糖添加量和酱油添加量进行单因素试验,在此基础上采用正交试验优化,研究各自变量及其交互作用对风味酱鸭风味的影响,并对其工艺参数进行优化。[结果]风味酱鸭的最佳加工工艺条件为：腌制时间12h、煮制时间70min、葡萄糖添加量2．O％、酱油添加量30ml／kg（均以鸭腿的重量计）。在此工艺条件下,酱鸭腿风味口感较好。[结论]该研究可为风味酱鸭的工业化生产提供理论指导。     

一种发酵萝卜条酱菜生产工艺研究

[目的]优化发酵萝卜条酱菜的生产工艺。[方法]试验从风干脱水后萝卜条的发酵工艺、油炸工艺、调味、水浴灭菌各个环节对发酵萝卜条酱菜的生产工艺进行优化。[结果]研究表明,萝卜条纯种发酵时最佳食盐添加量均为4%,最佳发酵温度为25℃,乳酸菌最佳接种量为4%,萝卜条含水量为50%;萝卜条油炸最佳温度与时间为150℃和30 s;萝卜条调味料最佳添加比例:黄豆酱1%、酱油1%、糖3%、大蒜和辣椒均为3%;最佳水浴灭菌温度与时间为80℃和15 min。[结论]在该研究优化的工艺条件下生产的萝卜条酱菜亚硝酸盐含量低、酸甜可口、脆度适中、营养丰富且味道鲜美。     

高脂高蛋白核桃芝麻乳生产工艺及稳定性研究

[目的]探索高脂高蛋白核桃芝麻乳生产的优化工艺.[方法]以核桃和芝麻为主要原料,对核桃芝麻总量＞20％的高脂高蛋白核桃芝麻乳生产工艺及稳定性进行研究.[结果]以感官品评为指标对打浆条件、添加比例进行研究,确定最佳工艺参数即：速冻低温水打浆及添加核桃21％、芝麻4％时,核桃芝麻乳白度最好、口感较佳且风味独特.以沉淀率、油脂析出率为指标,研究其稳定性,结果表明：采用2次均质（10 MPa和35 MPa）及复配稳定剂（0.3％单甘酯＋0.3％蔗糖酯＋0.2％黄原胶＋0.2％羧甲基纤维素钠＋0.2％琼脂）时,核桃芝麻乳的稳定性最佳.[结论]研究可为高脂高蛋白乳饮料的生产提供理论参考.