浙江天童山小叶青冈种群种子雨和地表种子库动态研究

对浙江天童山小叶青冈山坡(种群1)和沟谷(种群2)立地类型2个种群的种子雨及地表种子库动态状况进行研究,结果表明:种子雨持续时间达64 d,11月底—12月上、中旬为种子散落盛期,占总数散落量的60%;小叶青冈的种子产量高,种子雨散落的平均密度大,种群1和种群2的密度分别为515.3粒.m-2和478.4粒.m-2;在地表种子库中,完好种子的存留密度分别为16个.m-2和11个.m-2,动物捕食是种子受损的主要原因,2个种群分别占89.2%和90.5%;小叶青冈种群高的种子产量、低的种子存留率等环节限制了低山青冈种群的天然更新。     

栀子叶斑病及其病原的鉴定

首次报道在栀子(Gardenia jasminoides)上存在由拟盘多毛孢属真菌引致的叶斑病。从湖北省长阳县采集到栀子叶斑病病害标本,并利用柯赫氏法则证实该病由真菌GJ-1菌株所引致;根据GJ-1菌株的形态学特征和ITS序列的分析、比较,证实GJ-1菌株属于拟盘多毛孢属(PestalotiopsisSteyaert)真菌;GJ-1菌株的ITS序列与P.gracilis的ITS同源性达100%,因此推定它属于P.gracilis。     

不同草种对土著AM真菌的生长和群落结构的影响

以果园生草栽培为背景,果园土壤中土著AM真菌为研究对象,考察了柱花草、百喜草和藿香蓟对与之根系共生的AM真菌的生长与群落结构的影响。结果表明,柱花草根系的侵染率(62.2%)显著高于百喜草(36.5%)和藿香蓟(37.3%),丛枝率有相似的趋势;3种草地上部的生物量和含磷量没有差异,但是柱花草根系含磷量显著高于百喜草和藿香蓟;柱花草根际土壤中AM真菌的菌种丰度和菌丝密度均小于百喜草和藿香蓟,但是孢子密度大于藿香蓟而小于百喜草;藿香蓟根际土著AM真菌群落的多样性指数略高于柱花草和百喜草;PCR-DGGE分析结果与之吻合。试验表明,在果园土壤中,不同草种根际的土著AM真菌群落结构并不相同,在选择草种进行生草栽培的过程中应该考虑这些不同。     

The effect of β‐1,3‐glucan derived from Euglena gracilis (Algamune™) on the innate immunological responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

Algamune^? is a commercial additive produced from Euglena gracilis, providing a rich source of the β‐1,3‐glucan paramylon. Isolated kidney phagocytes of Nile tilapia were incubated with graded doses (0, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 μg/ml) of Algamune^? and purified paramylon to gauge their ability to elicit the production of reactive oxygen species. A linear response was observed for extracellular superoxide anion for both sources but only Algamune^? for intracellular superoxide anion. After corroborating the immunostimulant properties ex vivo, a feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of Algamune^? (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of diet) for Nile tilapia. Fish were fed for 3 weeks, after which, fish were sampled for blood and head kidney phagocytes. The remaining fish were challenged with Streptococcus iniae. Macrophage extracellular superoxide anion production was significantly elevated in fish fed diets with 200 mg of Algamune^? kg^?1 when compared to fish fed the basal diet. Even though the disease challenge did not show statistical differences, it is worth mentioning that fish fed intermediate doses of Algamune^? had lowest numerical mortality values. Therefore, Algamune^? was demonstrated to enhance some immunological responses of tilapia both in ex vivo and in vivo.     

野芥菜向抗除草剂转基因油菜基因流动的研究

采用人工授粉的方法,分别以转基因抗草丁膦和抗草甘膦油菜为母本,野芥菜为父本,研究野芥菜的基因流动到转基因油菜中的可能性。结果表明,野芥菜和抗草丁膦及抗草甘膦油菜的亲和性指数明显低于其自交授粉的亲和性指数,只有0.44和0.54。经除草剂筛选和PCR检测证明,所有F1都携带了相应的抗性基因并表现出对相应除草剂的抗性。对F1的适合度研究表明,两种F1种子萌发率及营养生长情况和野芥菜没有明显差异,但结实明显下降,携带抗草丁膦基因的F1和携带抗草甘膦基因的F1每个角果饱满种子粒数分别是0.50和0.61。分别以两种F1为母本,野芥菜为父本进行回交,结实仍然很低,携带抗草丁膦基因的F1和携带抗草甘膦基因的F1与野芥菜回交每个角果饱满种子粒数分别只有0.35和0.33。上述结果表明,野芥菜基因流动到两种抗性油菜的可能性均比较小。     

迷果芹粗多糖(SGS)药理学活性的初步研究

[目的]研究迷果芹粗多糖(SGS)对荷瘤(肝癌H22)小鼠的影响。[方法]用小鼠建立体内肿瘤模型,通过动物试验研究SGS对荷瘤小鼠体重的影响及对小鼠方向辨别障碍的保护作用。[结果]阳性对照药环磷酰胺明显增加了荷瘤小鼠瘤体重量,减轻了小鼠体重;SGS对荷瘤小鼠瘤体重量无明显影响,其3个剂量组的小鼠体重增长均明显高于阳性对照药环磷酰胺组。说明SGS对小鼠没有明显的副作用,或者说与阳性对照药环磷酰胺组相比,毒副作用较小。3个剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数均高于环磷酰胺组,但无统计学意义。SGS的所试剂量对小鼠方向辨别障碍有一定的保护作用,但无统计学意义。[结论]SGS的毒副作用小且能增强机体的免疫力。     

光照对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素含量影响的研究

为探讨光照对纤细裸藻的生长以及光合色素含量的影响,将纤细裸藻分别置于不同光照度(0、1500、3000、4500、6000 lx)、光照周期(16L∶8D、14L∶10D、12L∶12D、10L∶14D、8L∶16D)、光质(绿光495~530 nm、蓝光450~480 nm、红光615~650 nm、白光450~465 nm、黄光580~595 nm)条件下于恒温光照培养箱中静置培养,进行细胞密度以及色素含量的测定。试验结果显示,光照度、光照周期和光质对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素质量浓度有显著影响( P <0.05)。光照度1500、3000、4500 lx对纤细裸藻的生长均有积极作用,其中3000 lx光照度作用最为显著,细胞生长状态良好,光合色素质量浓度也高于1500、4500 lx;光照周期16L∶8D、14L∶10D和12L∶12D对纤细裸藻的生长有促进作用,其中14L∶10D组生长状况和光合色素质量浓度均优于其他处理组,8L∶16D组使纤细裸藻的生长受到抑制,其色素质量浓度也显著低于其他处理组( P <0.05);蓝光与白光组对纤细裸藻生长有显著促进作用( P <0.05),蓝光条件下色素质量浓度达到最高,更利于光合色素的积累。试验结果表明,适宜纤细裸藻生长及光合色素积累的光照条件为:光照度3000 lx,光照周期14L∶10D,蓝光培养。     

Maturation and spawning of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spratelloides gracilis</Emphasis> Clupeidae in temperate waters off Cape Shionomisaki,central Japan

ABSTRACT:   The reproductive ecology of Spratelloides gracilis was investigated in the temperate waters off Cape Shionomisaki, central Japan. Cape Shionomisaki is located at the northern margin of the distribution range of this species. Females of S. gracilis with gonadosomatic index (GSI) ≥ 4.0 were defined as mature based on the relationship between GSI and the histological maturity phases of their ovaries. More than 50% of females greater than 60 mm standard length (SL) were mature. Hatch dates of larvae and juveniles collected in the study area were determined by otolith daily ring counts and found to extend from April to November. The size at maturity of females (60 mm SL) and the spawning season of S. gracilis in the temperate waters off Cape Shionomisaki (April–November) was larger and shorter, respectively, than those in tropical waters in the western Pacific. The reproductive traits observed for S. gracilis off Cape Shionomisaki appear to be adaptive to northern temperate waters with seasonal changes in environmental conditions.     

栽培大豆、野生大豆和半野生大豆酯酶同工酶的研究

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法，分析了栽培大豆、野生大豆和半野生大豆的酯酶同工酶．结果表明，栽培大豆幼苗期的酯酶同工酶共出现了１７条酶带。栽培大豆和野生大豆既有共同的酶带，又有各自独特的酶带，是亲缘关系较近的两个种。半野生大豆有类似野生大豆的酶谱，表现了野生种的特点．不同进化类型的大豆酯酶同工酶有明显不同。随着进化程度增高，酶带数目有增多的趋势．研究表明，大豆幼苗酯酶同工酶酶谱比较稳定，酶带明确，具有较为明显的种的专一性，可以做为大豆分类学和研究大豆进化关系的一个生化指标。     

小叶青冈群落主要种群生态位研究

采用定量分析的方法对福建茫荡山自然保护区小叶青冈群落11个主要优势种进行了生态位研究,测定其生态位宽度、生态位相似比例等生态位特征值.结果表明：生态位宽度排在前6位的分别是小叶青冈、甜槠、木荷、弯蒴杜鹃、乌饭和深山含笑.小叶青冈与其他种群的生态位相似比例、生态位重叠值相对较高（猴头杜鹃例外）,表明它与其他种群之间的竞争相对激烈,易与生态位宽的树种形成共优群落.