翻心型大白菜新品种连狮1 号的选育

连狮1 号是以连云港地区菜农提供的中狮头自留种为原始种，经4 代自交提纯选育成的大白菜新品种。株型紧凑， 整齐度较好，叶球为长筒翻心形，叶片呈长倒卵形，叶表面具有较深核桃纹并带稀疏茸毛。株高35 cm，外叶数约10 片， 叶球高28～32 cm、横径22～27 cm，单个叶球质量3.5～4.0 kg，每667 m² 叶球产量4 700 kg 左右，净菜率达83%。生育期 为90～95 d（天），田间抗病毒病、霜霉病、根肿病能力优于对照中狮头，适合在江苏、安徽、山东等地及其相近气候条件 地区秋季种植。     

A genetic linkage map in southern‐by‐spring oat identifies multiple quantitative trait loci for adaptation and rust resistance

We developed 178 recombinant inbred lines from a southern‐by‐spring oat population designated as “TxH.” These lines were genotyped to generate a high‐quality linkage map that resolved 6,902 markers into 21 linkage groups that matched closely with the latest hexaploid oat consensus map. Three major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting heading date were found in locations that are consistent with known QTLs and candidate genes, and two other QTLs affecting heading date were found in novel locations. Five QTLs affecting plant height were found. Both sets of QTLs are responsible for transgressive segregation observed for these two traits. Four QTLs affecting resistance to crown rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, were identified. Two of these QTLs are consistent with known clusters of rust resistance genes, while two may represent new locations of novel rust resistance genes. A complete set of SNP sequences suitable for generating markers for molecular selection is provided.     

食用型紫心甘薯新品种湘紫薯174 的选育

湘紫薯174 是以浙紫薯1 号为母本、浙紫薯3 号为父本杂交选育而成的食用型紫心甘薯新品种，薯块纺锤形，薯皮 紫红色，薯肉紫色，结薯较集中整齐，单株结薯4～5 个，大中薯率82.7% 以上，熟食味好，抗黑斑病，中抗根腐病、茎线 虫病和薯瘟病；每667 m² 鲜薯产量1 913～2 359 kg，薯干产量549～736 kg；花青素含量为714.5 mg · kg^-1（FW）。适宜在湖 南、湖北、江西、江苏、浙江等地春夏薯区种植。     

菜用甘薯新品种薯绿1号的选育

薯绿1号(原名徐菜薯1号)是以台农71为母本,以广薯菜2号为父本,通过定向有性杂交选育而成的菜用甘薯专用新品种。株型半直立,分枝多,叶片心形,顶叶黄绿色,叶基色和茎色均为绿色。薯块纺锤形,白皮白肉。茎尖无茸毛,烫后颜色翠绿至绿色,无苦涩味,微甜,有滑腻感,食味好。高抗茎线虫病,抗蔓割病。在国家区域试验3个月时间内每667m2产量1800kg左右,如在保护地条件下可周年生产,每667m2产量在5000kg以上。适合江苏、山东、河南、浙江、四川、广东、福建、海南等适宜地区作叶菜种植。     

绵羊(ATAG)n四碱基微卫星位点的筛选及其在亲子鉴定中的应用

本试验旨在筛选绵羊高度多态性四碱基微卫星遗传标记,建立适用于绵羊亲子关系鉴定的实验体系。试验以小尾寒羊为主要研究对象,从已有的绵羊参考基因组序列出发,基于全基因组序列筛选法共筛选出53个（ATAG）_n四碱基重复微卫星位点,然后通过基因分型数据共筛选出30个扩增效果好、多态信息含量（PIC）丰富的四碱基重复微卫星位点;30个位点的基因分型结果表明,共扩增出253个等位基因,平均等位基因数为8.433,等位基因数均>5,多态信息含量在0.566~0.898,观测杂合度（Ho）范围在0.548~0.903,期望杂合度（He）范围在0.631~0.921,平均期望杂合度为0.776;哈代-温伯格平衡检验30个位点均处于遗传平衡状态。随后根据PCR的扩增效率从获得的30个多态性位点中筛选出22个微卫星位点用于亲权排除概率的计算,根据多态信息含量的大小由高到低依次增加位点数进行组合。结果表明,在两个亲本的基因型均未知的情况下,标记位点数为15个时,累积排除概率可达到99.99%,其中单个位点的第一非亲排除率（non-exclusion probability of the first parent,NE-1P）介于0.321~0.663之间。利用建立的亲子鉴定体系对16只具有系谱记录的小尾寒羊样本进行检测,结果共鉴定出4个具有高置信度的绵羊家系,鉴定结果与系谱记录完全一致。本试验为绵羊分子系谱的构建、亲子鉴定以及保障绵羊育种工作的正常开展奠定重要基础。     

绵羊SPP1和PLCB3基因多态性与产羔数的关联分析

试验旨在探究SPP1基因g.36651870T>C位点多态性、PLCB3基因g.41871219T>C位点多态性与绵羊产羔数之间的关系,以期寻找绵羊产羔数性状相关的分子标记。利用全基因组重测序结合Sequenom MassARRAY誖SNP技术对多羔羊(小尾寒羊、湖羊、策勒黑羊)和单羔羊(滩羊、苏尼特羊、萨福克羊和草原型藏羊)7个绵羊品种SPP1、PLCB3基因的2个位点进行多态性检测,并与小尾寒羊产羔数进行关联分析。结果表明:2个位点均存在TT、TC和CC三种基因型。SPP1基因g.36651870T>C位点的基因型频率和等位基因频率在两类绵羊品种间差异极显著(P<0.01);PLCB3基因g.41871219T>C位点基因型频率在两类绵羊品种间差异不显著(P>0.05),等位基因频率差异显著(P<0.05)。群体遗传学分析表明,SPP1基因g.36651870T>C位点在小尾寒羊、苏尼特羊、萨福克羊和湖羊中均表现为中度多态(0.25≤PIC<0.5),在滩羊、策勒黑羊和草原型藏羊中表现为低度多态(PIC<0.25);PLCB3基因g.41871219T>C位点在滩羊中表现为中度多态(0.25≤PIC<0.5),在其余6个绵羊品种中均表现为低度多态(PIC<0.25)。卡方适合性检验表明,SPP1基因g.36651870T>C位点在7个绵羊品种中均处于哈代-温伯格平衡状态(P>0.05);PLCB3基因g.41871219T>C位点在小尾寒羊、滩羊、苏尼特羊、策勒黑羊、草原型藏羊5个品种中处于哈代-温伯格平衡状态(P>0.05)。关联分析表明,PLCB3基因g.41871219T>C位点多态性与小尾寒羊第1胎产羔数有显著关联(P<0.05),TT基因型个体产羔数显著高于CC基因型个体;SPP1基因g.36651870T>C位点多态性与小尾寒羊不同胎次产羔数之间无显著关联(P>0.05)。综上,PLCB3基因g.41871219T>C位点对小尾寒羊产羔数性状选育具有一定的参考意义,SPP1基因g.36651870T>C位点不适用于小尾寒羊产羔数性状选育。     

基于遗传算法的机械产品多参数选配方法

对机械产品多参数选配问题进行了描述，并以同时满足多个装配精度，使不适配零件数量最小化为目标，建立了求解该问题的数学模型。针对机械产品多参数选配的特点，提出了一种基于遗传算法的选配方法。根据问题的特殊性，设计了相应的编码方法和遗传算子。最后给出了应用该算法解决机械产品多参数选配问题的一个实例，证明了该算法的可行性与有效性。     

牛羊屠宰粪便优势发酵菌株的分离、培养及筛选

应用选择性培养基在牛羊屠宰粪便中进行纤维分解菌、固氮菌、解磷菌和解钾菌的分离、培养，分离得到201株菌株。对其中的18株纤维分解菌进行纤维素酶酶活力的测定，经测定1，6，7，13，15，18号菌株酶活力相对较高，每mL培养物中的酶活力均高于500U／g，为将来进一步进行发酵菌剂的研究提供了优势候选菌株。     

BMY牛的选育进展

总结了经历20多年选育的BMY牛所取得的进展,再通过3～5年的努力将完成BMY牛的培育,届时BMY牛将是一个适应我国南方炎热地区的热带肉牛新品种.     

Status of black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) resistance to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors in France

We assessed the contributions of target site‐ and non‐target site‐based resistance to herbicides inhibiting acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in Alopecurus myosuroides (black grass). A total of 243 A. myosuroides populations collected across France were analysed using herbicide sensitivity bioassay (24 300 seedlings analysed) and ACC genotyping (13 188 seedlings analysed). Seedlings resistant to at least one ACC‐inhibiting herbicide were detected in 99.2% of the populations. Mutant, resistant ACC allele(s) were detected in 56.8% of the populations. Among the five resistant ACC alleles known in A. myosuroides, alleles containing an isoleucine‐to‐leucine substitution at codon 1781 were predominant (59.5% of the plants containing resistant ACC alleles). Comparison of the results from herbicide sensitivity bioassays with genotyping indicated that more than 75% of the plants resistant to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides in France would be resistant via increased herbicide metabolism. Analysis of herbicide application records suggested that in 15.9% of the populations studied, metabolism‐based resistance to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides was mostly selected for by herbicides with other modes of action. Our study revealed the importance of non‐target site‐based resistance in A. myosuroides. Using herbicides with alternative modes of action to control populations resistant to ACC‐inhibiting herbicides, the recommended management approach, may thus be jeopardised by the widespread occurrence of metabolism‐based resistance mechanisms conferring broad‐spectrum cross‐resistance.