世界溶解浆生产消费情况及未来发展趋势

文中总结分析了1961—2017年世界溶解浆生产和消费情况。溶解浆的生产和消费呈现由发达国家（地区）向发展中国家（地区）转移的趋势短期内不会改变。溶解浆生产属于技术和资金密集型产业，随着中国和印度等发展中国家制浆造纸工业的技术进步，溶解浆的生产量将增加，进口占比逐年降低。世界溶解浆的生产和消费量在今后若干年内仍呈增长趋势。2017年世界溶解浆的消耗量为792.9万t，进口量占比为64.3%。乐观预测到2030年世界溶解浆消费量将达到1 230万t，在2017年的基础上增加60%。中国是世界最大的溶解浆生产国、进口国和消费国，但溶解浆的生产成本居高不下，浆料品质不够稳定，与先进国家存在一定差距。亟待投入研究力量，开发适宜的溶解浆生产工艺，提升溶解浆质量并降低生产成本。     

开式离心纸浆泵叶轮流道内部流场PIV试验研究

为研究开式纸浆泵叶轮流道内纤维颗粒对液相流场的影响,采用透明有机玻璃材料制造模型样机,以清水和0.1%质量浓度的头发纤维悬浮液为介质,通过PIV试验对叶轮流道内的流动进行可视化研究.试验结果表明:当输送清水介质时,在大流量工况下叶轮流道内流动稳定,未出现旋涡和低速区;在小流量工况下,当叶轮流道旋转到蜗壳隔舌附近位置时,在叶轮流道中段压力面附近开始产生低速区,且低速区随着叶轮流道靠近隔舌位置和流量减小逐渐增大,在远离隔舌位置的叶轮流道内未产生明显的低速区;受叶片扭曲的影响,在叶轮流道内垂直于泵轴的不同截面上的相对速度大小不同,且随着叶片扭曲程度减小,相对速度差减小;输送头发纤维悬浮液介质时,在纤维颗粒的影响下,叶轮流道内的液相流动相对速度降低,导致在小流量工况下叶轮流道中段压力面附近低速区面积增大;在大流量工况下,纤维颗粒存在使液相流动的相对速度大小分布更均匀.     

火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取及抗氧化活性研究

为研究火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取工艺及抗氧化活性。在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计和响应面分析方法,确定超高压提取的最优工艺,并从清除ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基能力方面来评价火龙果茎多糖的体外抗氧化能力。结果表明,火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取的最佳工艺条件为:液固比10∶1(m L∶g)、超高压压力300 MPa、超高压时间4 min。在此工艺条件下多糖得率为(2.83±0.02)%。火龙果茎对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基具有清除作用,对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率IC_(50)分别为浓度为4.3 mg/m L和5.5 mg/m L时。     

湿法机械处理改善粘胶级竹溶解浆反应性能的研究

为提高溶解浆进行粘胶纤维产品生产的加工性能及减少二硫化碳的排放，采用PFI（papirindustriens forsknings institut）磨打浆和瓦利打浆机打浆这2种湿法机械处理，以改善竹溶解浆的反应性能。以预水解硫酸盐法竹溶解浆为原料，考察PFI磨打浆及瓦利打浆机打浆对溶解浆反应性能及纤维形态的影响，并对同等打浆度条件下的2种湿法机械处理的效果进行比较。PFI磨和瓦利打浆机分别在打浆度为60.5°SR（15 000 r）及36.4°SR（30 min）的优化工艺条件下，Fock反应性能从68.3%分别提高到73.2%和84.0%，粘胶过滤性能由“不通过”到粘胶过滤值分别为3 196.1 s和2 115.6 s。同时，上述2种处理方式均使纤维粗度和长度下降，细小纤维含量、比表面积和总孔隙量增加，且使聚合度损失小。同等打浆度条件下，基于瓦利打浆机对纤维更多的剪切行为，瓦利打浆机打浆对反应性能的提高效果更为显著。     

日本落叶松中龄林施肥效应研究

根据在鄂西大老岭林场进行的日本落叶松中龄林4种施肥量、3种N与P配比、2种施肥次数的3a试验效应研究,结果表明:不同施肥量、不同N、P比、不同施肥次数对日本落叶松中龄林生长影响不显著;但14a生B1材积生长比其它平均材积提高28.4%。施肥组合8(A1B1C1)各年生长量均高于其它组合的生长量,其材积比其它平均材积提高32.8%。     

Proteins in Norway spruce thermomechanical pulp

Two methods of cytochemical staining using Coomassie dye and Cu⁺-bicinchoninic acid, respectively, showed that there are proteins in thermomechanical pulp (TMP) of Norway spruce. Protein isolated from TMP was analyzed for amino acid composition. There was about twice the amount of acidic amino acid material compared with basic amino acids, and the presence of glucosamine indicated that the isolated polypeptides also contained glycoproteins. The presence of proteins in ray cells and fiber tracheids in TMP adds to the chemical heterogeneity of the structurally complex high-yield pulp.     

模糊控制在纸浆模塑包装容器生产环节中的实现

纸浆模塑生产过程是一个典型的多变量、强耦舍、多干扰、时变复杂的系统。根据其控制过程中被控对象复杂而难以控制的特点。采用模糊控制策略构建了纸浆模塑包装容器生产环节中的软、硬件系统。     

Selection, propagation and cultivation of Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use

Based on the growth, wood property of the ortets, and rooting abilities of cuttings, 32 Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use were selected from forests of superior provenance, mixed families, and progeny test of seed orchard by two-step selection. The average height and DBH growth of three-year-old clones were 28.6% and 16.7%, respectively, higher than those from seedlings, and average gain of wood density reached 8.7%. Rooting rate of all these clones was over 80%, 28% higher than the clones selected by a single step. A cutting orchard of 0.33 hm² on the hillside was constructed to intensively produce cuttings according to the tests on construction methods, pruning, and fertilization. A total of 50,000 grade I, 37,500 grade II, and 62,500 grade III cuttings were collected per hectare of this cutting orchard each time, and were cut three times each year. With all the above techniques, 48 hm² of clonal forests for pulp use of those clones had been planted in five places in Fujian Province. Container stecklings are more likely to increase the planting survival rate. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004, 40(1): 64–69 [译自: 林业科学]     

Decolorization of kraft pulp bleaching effluent by a newly isolated fungus, Geotrichum candidum Dec 1

Kraft pulp bleaching effluent supplemented with glucose was decolorized by a newly isolated fungusGeotrichum candidum Dec 1 (Dec 1) that showed a wide decolorizing spectrum to synthetic dyes. When the glucose concentration in the effluent was 30 g/l, the color removal and the reduction of absorbable organic halogens were 78% and 43% after 7 days culture, respectively. The average molecular weight of colored substances measured by gel filtration chromatography was lowered to less than 3000 from 5600 after 7 days culture. As the contribution of extracellular enzymes such as peroxidase (DyP), manganese peroxidase, and laccase to the decolorization of the kraft pulp bleaching effluent was small, Dec 1 appears to have a different mechanism of decolorizing kraft pulp bleaching effluent when compared with enzymes used to decolorize synthetic dyes.     

Cost minimization through the use of taungya system in pulpwood plantation establishment

The costs and benefits of the use of three labour alternatives: direct permanent, direct casual and taungya labour in Gmelina arborea pulpwood plantation establishment in Nigeria were investigated. Results show that cost per hectare is lowest with taungya labour and highest with permanent labour with savings in cost of as much as 30% and 47% by taungya labour over casual and permanent labour respectively. The net present value per hectare of investment is highest when taungya labour is used and lowest and negative with permanent labour. Also, the internal rate of return of investment is highest with taungya labour and lowest with permanent labour. The net present values and internal rates of return for Gmelina plantations calculated for the three pulp and paper mills in Nigeria show the same trend in favour of taungya labour.