Determination of critical nitrogen dilution curve based on leaf area index for winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plain,Northwest China

Excessive use of nitrogen(N) fertilizers in agricultural systems increases the cost of production and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, determination of optimum N requirements for plant growth is necessary. Previous studies mostly established critical N dilution curves based on aboveground dry matter(DM) or leaf dry matter(LDM) and stem dry matter(SDM), to diagnose the N nutrition status of the whole plant. As these methods are time consuming, we investigated the more rapidly determined leaf area index(LAI) method to establish the critical nitrogen(N_c) dilution curve, and the curve was used to diagnose plant N status for winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. Field experiments were conducted using four N fertilization levels(0, 105, 210 and 315 kg ha-1) applied to six wheat cultivars in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons. LAI, DM, plant N concentration(PNC) and grain yield were determined. Data points from four cultivars were used for establishing the N_c curve and data points from the remaining two cultivars were used for validating the curve. The N_c dilution curve was validated for N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth conditions and there was good agreement between estimated and observed values. The N nutrition index(NNI) ranged from 0.41 to 1.25 and the accumulated plant N deficit(N_(and)) ranged from 60.38 to –17.92 kg ha~(-1) during the growing season. The relative grain yield was significantly affected by NNI and was adequately described with a parabolic function. The N_c curve based on LAI can be adopted as an alternative and more rapid approach to diagnose plant N status to support N fertilization decisions during the vegetative growth of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China.     

同期排卵处理母牛体温和活动量变化规律及效果分析

为探究同期排卵处理母牛体温和活动量变化规律及不同同期排卵技术处理效果，指导同期排卵技术优化。本研究自动监测了18头20月龄左右同期排卵（GnRH-PG-GnRH）处理荷斯坦母牛和17头产后40~60 d预同期排卵（PG-PG-GnRH-PG-GnRH）处理荷斯坦母牛的体温和活动量，应用自动检测系统进行母牛发情监测。结果发现，同期排卵处理母牛发情时阴道温度平均升高（0.43±0.20）℃，持续（12.37±2.73）h；活动量平均升高（18.28±18.61）倍，持续（11.00±1.68）h；排卵时阴道温度平均下降（0.20±0.10）℃，持续（11.00±1.68）h。自动化发情监测显示，同期排卵处理母牛7头发情并排卵；预同期排卵母牛GnRH处理前全部发情排卵。两种同期排卵处理，虽可改变母牛性周期进程，促进母牛性周期同步化，但均难以使母牛性周期完全同步。因此，将同期排卵-定时输精和发情鉴定技术科学结合才能取得更好的繁殖效果。     

An evaluation of the Olsen test as a measure of plant-available phosphorus in grassland soils derived from basalt parent material

Abstract. Anecdotal and circumstantial evidence have suggested that the Olsen test underestimates plant-available phosphorus (P) in basaltic soils in Northern Ireland. Therefore, the ability of this test to predict plant-available P in basaltic (and non-basaltic) soils was investigated by regressing Olsen-P data against herbage P indices calculated from plant tissue test data using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system. The average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on basaltic soils was considerably lower than the average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on non-basaltic soils, and yet mean sward P status, as given by the herbage P indices, was similar for both groups of fields. Herbage P indices were also much better correlated with Olsen-P measurements in non-basaltic soils than in basaltic soils. Furthermore, at low Olsen-P values (≶9mgPL⁻¹) some swards on basaltic soils were genuinely deficient in P, while others were sufficient or even in surplus for this nutrient. The results confirm that Olsen-P is inadequate as a predictor of plant-available P in basaltic soils. It is concluded that an alternative soil test is needed to provide a reliable assessment of plant-available P in basaltic soils, to prevent overuse of fertilizer and manure P and to minimize the amounts of P entering local watercourses.     

计算机犬病诊断原理

本研究模拟人类专家的诊断过程,对常见犬病用计算机进行诊断模拟,试验建立了犬病诊断的计算机处理系统(QBZD)。本文主要阐述了QBZD系统的结构构成、诊断机理及操作应用     

两株新分离的APMV-I毒株感染SPF鸡的超微病理变化

将APMV-I鹅源分离株YG97鸡源分离株Y98和NDV强毒株F48E8感染SPF鸡，运用透射电镜观察该2株病毒分离株对机体细胞的影响，结果显示3株禽副黏病毒均引起机体肝、胰、脾、肾、心、胃、十二指肠和直肠等实质器官组织细胞的超微病变，如黏膜上皮细胞多处受损，表面微绒毛脱落；实质细胞核固缩、凝聚、凹陷、核多形性，线粒体嵴断裂、空泡样变、膜溶解，粗面内质网扩张、囊泡变，细胞浆的囊泡内及细胞浆内存在有囊膜的成熟病毒粒子等，但YG97和Y98对不同实质器官的组织细胞超微病变程度不一：胃、肝、胰、脾、肾超微病变比心脏的超微病变严重。电镜观察结果还表明：3株禽副黏病毒引起宿主细胞的超微病变有2种形式：坏死性病变和凋亡性病变。     

犬瘟热的微生物学诊断研究

对临床诊断为犬瘟热的１４例病犬，取其脑组织，运用细胞培养、合胞体检查、包涵体检查、免疫荧光试验、电镜观察等５种检测方法，就犬瘟热的微生物学诊断进行了系统的研究。结果表明，犬脑组织块与猫胚（ＦＥ）细胞或非洲绿猴肾（Ｖｅｒｏ）细胞共同培养，盲传的培养物出现不稳定的细胞病变，通过对不同代次的培养物检查包涵体，并作超薄切片或负染，电镜观察犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）粒子，证实分离到ＣＤＶ野毒。病犬脑组织切片经ＨＥ染色检查包涵体及用ＣＤＶ荧光抗体直接法检测脑抹片及接种犬脑的细胞培养物，均获得一定的阳性结果。建立的改良离子捕获电镜法，用于检测犬脑匀浆和犬脑接种细胞培养物，与离子捕获电镜法、免疫电镜法及直接电镜法相比，效果更为理想。１４例临床诊断为犬瘟热的病犬，综合运用上述微生物学手段检测，结果为１２例阳性，２例疑似。     

感染白粉病小麦叶片细胞的超微变化

小麦感染白粉病菌后,叶片叶绿体肿胀,双层膜不完整或消失,基粒片层排列疏松紊乱,细胞中出现许多由单层膜围成的大小不等的空胞和类似纤维状的膜状物,细胞核膜消失,质壁分离.     

RT-PCR技术诊断猪瘟的应用研究

应用反转录—聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)对猪瘟进行诊断应用研究。应用RT-PCR况对来自广西不同地区的135份疑似猪瘟病料进行检测，以份诊断为阳性，阳性率62．2％。从百色、柳州地区等采集的健康猪扁桃体和淋巴结共276份，经RT-PCR检测，37份为阳性，阳性率为13．4％。其中健康猪扁桃体带毒较高，246份扁桃体中有35份阳性，占14．2％。采自柳州健康猪的26份淋巴结材料全为阴性，只有邕宁县的1份健猪淋巴结阳性。结果表明，RT-PCR技术可应用于猪瘟的临床诊断。     

多层螺旋CT与核磁共振血管成像、数字减影对主动脉夹层诊断的比较研究

目的：比较多层螺旋CT(multi-slice spiral CT，MSCT)与核磁共振血管成像(MRA)、数字减影(DSA)对主动脉夹层(aortic dissection，AD)的诊断价值。方法：对17例AD患者行MSCT检查，并与MRA、DSA的检查结果进行比较。结果：对17例AD患者用MSCT、MRA、DSA都能作出诊断(按DeBakey分型，Ⅰ型有4例，Ⅱ型有1例，Ⅲ型有12例)，但只有MSCT能明确显示夹层的范围和分支的受累情况，以及剥离内膜瓣、裂口及主动脉的周围情况。而MRA对裂口的检出率只有21．74％，DSA可达87．0％。结论：MSCT对AD的分型以及破裂口的定位诊断更具准确性，对动脉分支显示更清晰。     

弓形虫P30基因及其功能

弓形虫 P30基因所编码的蛋白为弓形虫主要表面抗原 SAG1 ,其约占速殖子总蛋白量的 5 %,SAG1对虫体侵入宿主细胞及其毒力具重要性 ,并有高度免疫原性和免疫保护性 ,被用于弓形虫疫苗的研制和弓形虫感染的分子诊断