同期排卵处理母牛体温和活动量变化规律及效果分析

为探究同期排卵处理母牛体温和活动量变化规律及不同同期排卵技术处理效果,指导同期排卵技术优化。本研究自动监测了18头20月龄左右同期排卵(GnRH-PG-GnRH)处理荷斯坦母牛和17头产后40～60 d预同期排卵(PG-PG-GnRH-PG-GnRH)处理荷斯坦母牛的体温和活动量,应用自动检测系统进行母牛发情监测。结果发现,同期排卵处理母牛发情时阴道温度平均升高(0.43±0.20)℃,持续(12.37±2.73) h;活动量平均升高(18.28±18.61)倍,持续(11.00±1.68) h;排卵时阴道温度平均下降(0.20±0.10)℃,持续(11.00±1.68) h。自动化发情监测显示,同期排卵处理母牛7头发情并排卵;预同期排卵母牛GnRH处理前全部发情排卵。两种同期排卵处理,虽可改变母牛性周期进程,促进母牛性周期同步化,但均难以使母牛性周期完全同步。因此,将同期排卵-定时输精和发情鉴定技术科学结合才能取得更好的繁殖效果。     

褪黑素对荷斯坦奶牛妊娠率及生殖激素的影响

试验旨在探明皮下注射褪黑素（MT）对荷斯坦奶牛配种妊娠率及血清生殖激素的影响。用计步器法确定自然发情的首次配种荷斯坦奶牛150头，对其中70头进行颈部皮下肌内注射褪黑素30 mg，12 h后进行人工输精；选择170头产后首次配种的荷斯坦奶牛进行同期排卵-定时输精处理，其中90头荷斯坦奶牛最后一次注射促性腺激素释放激素（gonadotropin-releasing hormone，GnRH）的同时进行颈部皮下肌内注射褪黑素30 mg，16 h后进行人工输精。在进行二次配种的荷斯坦奶牛中选择153只进行皮下注射褪黑素。荷斯坦奶牛输精后20~35 d进行妊娠检查，详细记录首次配种妊娠母牛头数、二次配种妊娠母牛头数、产犊数。选取同期排卵-定时输精的荷斯坦奶牛25头，皮下注射褪黑素8 h后用放射免疫法检测其血清中褪黑素、促卵泡素（FSH）、促黄体素（LH）、雌二醇（E₂）的含量及35 d妊检时妊娠母牛血清中孕酮（P₄）含量。结果显示，与自然发情和同期排卵对照组相比，其对应的皮下注射褪黑素组荷斯坦奶牛的妊娠率及产犊率均显著提高（P<0.05）；皮下注射褪黑素组的双犊率显著提高（P<0.05），首次配种妊娠率和产犊率均显著提高（P<0.05），二次配种妊娠率和产犊率均差异不显著（P>0.05）。血清激素检测结果表明，与对照组相比，皮下注射褪黑素组血清中褪黑素、LH、E₂含量均显著增加（P<0.05）；35 d妊检时，皮下注射褪黑素的妊娠母牛P₄含量显著增加（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明，皮下注射褪黑素能够提高荷斯坦奶牛的妊娠率、产犊率及血清中LH、E₂和P₄含量，说明皮下注射褪黑素能够促进卵母细胞成熟和排卵，并提高配种妊娠率。     

牛发情期活动量与阴道黏液电阻值变化规律的研究

准确的发情鉴定与排卵时间预测对确定输精时间具有重要意义。本研究随机选择产后60~90d健康二胎西门塔尔牛与头胎荷斯坦奶牛各10头为试验牛,试验牛同期发情后,采用外部观察与直肠检查确定发情、排卵时间,并使用计步器每30min自动检测牛发情前后及排卵前后的活动量,同时,使用发情排卵仪每4h测定阴道黏液电阻值(简称电阻值)变化。结果表明,间情期电阻值(300±12)Ω显著高于发情期(P0.05),发情开始前4h,电阻值迅速下降,到发情开始后8~12h,下降至最低(220±27)Ω,随后逐渐回升,到排卵结束,恢复至间情期水平;间情期牛活动量较低,发情后活动量激增,平均增加(10.8±7.0)倍,发情结束后恢复正常。发情持续时间、开始发情~排卵时间与发情结束~排卵时间分别为(15.6±2.8)、(26.8±4.2)与(11.3±4.3)h;电阻最低值~排卵时间为(15.0±1.3)h。发情排卵时,活动量与阴道黏液电阻值变化规律的揭示,对准确发情鉴定与输精具有重要指导意义,二参数结合使用大大提高了发情鉴定效率及排卵时间预测准确性,具有重要的自动化发情监测及排卵预测技术研发价值。     

黑白花奶牛体温变化与发情及排卵关系的研究

选择30头健康、发情正常的青年母牛,对情期中的体温变化规律作了初步的研究:牛体温不受牛舍内环境温度的影响而保持相对恒定,比较发情时与发情前2天及发情后2天的体温,发现牛体温在发情时升高0.53±0.29℃和0.48±0.29℃;结合直肠检查,摸索排卵时体温变化,发现排卵时体温突然下降0.22±0.13℃。本研究的意义在于可以将牛体温变化作为一种辅助手段,鉴定发情、推测排卵时间,为人工授精及其它工作提供参考。     

安西牛发情排卵及受精效果观察

我们采用1980—1986年《安西黄牛资源调查》及《黄牛冻配改良配种繁殖调查登记》中的资料并加以统计整理,对安西黄牛的发情,排卵和受精等繁殖性能进行了如下分析: 一,发情 1.发情周期及影响因素据对342头(次)母牛统计,发情周期平均21±3.5天。青年牛(63头次)发情周期平均19.5±3.5天,成年牛(271头次)为21.5±3.5天;老龄牛(8头)为30±5天。青年牛的发情周期比成年牛短2天,比老龄牛短7天,差异显著(O.01相似文献   

蒙贝利亚牛与荷斯坦牛在北方地区生长发育差异性比较

本研究对11头蒙贝利亚母牛和9头蒙贝利亚公牛的生长发育进行了跟踪测定,并与同期荷斯坦母牛的生长发育、产奶性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,蒙贝利亚母牛与荷斯坦母牛初生重无显著差异;4～18月龄,蒙贝利亚母牛体重均明显高于荷斯坦母牛同期体重,差异极显著（P〈0．01）。蒙贝利亚母牛与荷斯坦母牛日增重变化规律相似,lOB龄平均日增重最大,17月龄平均日增重最小。蒙贝利亚母牛各阶段体高、体长与荷斯坦母牛无显著差异,14月龄体高可达127cm,达到配种体高。蒙贝利亚母牛头胎305d产奶量为7241kg,对照组荷斯坦母牛头胎305d产奶量为9589kg,二者差异极显著（P〈0．01）。蒙贝利亚公牛初生重较大,至24月龄体重接近荷斯坦公牛同期体重。12~24月龄,荷斯坦公牛体高、体斜长、胸围均明显高于蒙贝利亚公牛,差异板显著（P〈0．01）;蒙贝利亚公牛初生重48kg,蒙贝利亚母牛初生重42kg,二者差异显著（P〈0．05）。蒙贝利亚公牛各阶段睾丸周径均显著高于荷斯坦公牛,差异极显著（P〈0．01）。     

奶牛发情排红后配种受胎的研究

本研究选择了９３头发情排红后的荷斯坦牛进行直肠检查，发现了有７１排卵，占７６．３４％；有２２头还未排卵，占２３．６６％。同时，对已排卵和未排卵组进行配种受胎试验，结果表明，占７６．３４％已排母牛受胎率仅有４．２３％；占２３．６６％的未排卵级组母牛受胎率高达７７．２７％，差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。作者认为，在母牛发情排红后，用直肠检查法检查卵泡排卵与否来确定是否配种，指导临床实践，具有很重要的作用     

奶牛超数排卵及胚胎移植的试验研究

本试验采用FSH＋PG的方法对22头供体荷斯坦牛分两批进行了超数排卵处理,140头受体南阳黄牛和供体牛采用2次PG法分批进行了同期发情处理。结果如下：（1）共有20头供体牛、104头受体牛在第二次注射PG后96h内发情,同期发情率分别为90.90%和74.29%;（2）20头供体牛回收胚胎176枚,可用胚胎140枚/头,平均回收胚胎8.8枚/头,平均可用胚胎7.0枚/头,可用胚胎比率79.55%;（3）104头南阳黄牛受体均移植单胚,51头妊娠,妊娠率为49.04%。     

山羊同期发情处理后发情时间、LH峰及排卵时间间隔的研究

试验比较了16-次甲基甲地孕酮(MGA)和氟孕酮(FGA)对安徽白山羊进行同期发情处理后发情、LH峰值及排卵的时间间隔,结果表明:MGA处理组开始发情的时间(80.6±3.5)h较FGA处理组(41.3±1.3)h长,而且差异极显著(P<0.01);同情发情处理结束到LH峰出现、到排卵以及LH峰出现到排卵的时间间隔,MGA组为(93.5±2.2)h、(117.9±2.9)h和(24.4±1.1)h,FGA组为(55.5±2.3)h、(76.4±1.5)h和(20.8±0.7)h,两组间差异均达显著水平(P<0.05);同期发情处理结束后开始发情到LH峰出现的时间间隔、开始发情到排卵的时间间隔以及血清LH峰持续时间MGA组、FGA组分别为:(13.9±1.4)h和(14.3±0.8)h,(37.3±2.1)h和(35.0±0.5)h,(12.0±0.6)h和(12.6±0.3)h,两组间差异均不显著。     

和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植试验研究效果初报

[目的]研究和牛母牛超数排卵及胚胎移植效果。[方法]利用纯种和牛母牛作为供体,荷斯坦母牛及西杂母牛作为受体,通过供体牛的超数排卵、人工授精、采胚、胚胎冷冻及受体牛的同期发情和鲜胚移植,快速获得纯种和牛及和牛胚胎。[结果]对4头青年纯种和牛母牛进行超排,重复冲卵13头次,共采卵数122枚,其中75枚可用胚胎,可用胚率为61.5%,平均5.76枚/头次。对75头荷斯坦牛及西杂母牛同期发情,结果获得89.2%的同期发情率。67头受体牛移植了鲜胚,2个月后妊娠检查有35头怀孕,移植妊娠率为52.23%。[结论]可以利用超数排卵及胚胎移植增加和牛母牛利用效率。     

Estrous Characteristics and Pregnancy Rates of Beef Heifers Administered Two Synchronization Protocols,

Two estrous synchronization protocols were used to determine their effect on estrous characteristics, synchronization rates, and pregnancy rates in nulliparous beef heifers on a commercial cow-calf operation in western New Mexico. Fifty-three Red Angus and Angus × Hereford heifers were sorted by age and BW to compare heifers treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 7 d before treatment with prostaglandin F_2α [PGF_2α; SelectSynch (SS); n = 26] and heifers treated with two administrations of PGF_2α 14 d apart [Targeted Breeding™ (TB) (Pharmacia, Kalamazoo, MI); n = 27). An androgenized cow fitted with a chin-ball marker was placed in each pen of heifers, and a HeatWatch (HW) transmitter (DDx, Inc., Denver, CO) was attached to each heifer to monitor estrous characteristics. Heifers were artificially inseminated after estrus was determined by HW. Number of standing events tended (P=0.12) to increase for TB heifers compared with SS heifers (54.4 ± 7.4 and 37.5 ± 7.7, respectively). Duration of estrus was increased (P<0.05) in TB heifers (16.0 ± 1.3 h) compared with SS heifers (11.6 ± 1.3 h). However, overall synchronization and pregnancy rates were similar (P>0.10) between protocols. Androgenized cows identified 53% of the estruses detected by HW. When utilizing synchronization protocols, radiotelemetric estrous detection systems may identify more heifers in estrus than androgenized cows. Intensity of estrus was increased in TB heifers compared with SS heifers; however, synchronization and pregnancy rates were not influenced by synchronization protocol.     

Secretory carcinoma of the mammary gland in an 8-year-old Holstein-Friesian dairy cow

This study was conducted to examine the oxidative stress biomarkers in a cow diagnosed with a follicular cyst in her left ovary. Progesterone (P4) and plasma oxidative stress status was measured in 13 Holstein cows after synchronization of oestrus with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) and prostaglandinF2α (PGF2α) protocol. The presence and size of ovarian structures were monitored by transrectal ultrasound at 4 hourly intervals. Of the 13 cows, 12 were monitored until ovulation was detected and recorded, whereas one cow failed to ovulate and developed a follicular cyst. Oxidative stress biomarkers; reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), oxidative stress index (OSI), glutathione (GSH), ceruloplasmin and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were measured in the cystic cow and compared to those of the 12 ovulated cows and are referred to as higher or lower if they are outside the mean ± standard error of mean of those of ovulated cows. The cystic cow had lower ROMs and OSI between 36 and 84 h after PGF2α injection and at 9 h, from 36 to 60 h after PGF2α injection respectively. On the other hand, antioxidant (BAP and GSH) was higher in the cystic cow compared to her ovulated herd mates. The observed imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant might have disrupted the physiological events for ovulation to occur, leading to cystic ovarian disease.     

A pre-synchronization program at early postpartum might increase the chances of Bos indicus cows cycling prior to 50 days regardless of the length of calf separation

The aim of this study was to establish if pre-synchronization would enhance the number of animals cycling prior to conventional breeding at 45 days irrespective of the length of calf separation. Multiparous Bos indicus cows were allotted in four groups (n = 10). Control group (C) dams remained with their calves; groups G24, G48 and G72, which were partially weaned for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively, were estrus synchronized using a controlled internal drug. These procedures were performed at 25 days and again at 45 days postpartum. The number of follicles, presence of a corpus luteum and back fat thickness (BFT) were determined by ultrasound. The proportion of cows with estrus and ovulation at day 25 postpartum was statistically different between the control and treated groups, with the values being 20, 60, 50 and 70 for the control, G24, G48 and G72 groups respectively (P < 0.05). At days 45 postpartum, the proportion of cows with estrus and ovulation was different in group G48 compared with the other groups (P <0.05). The average BFT and body condition score for the four experimental groups in the two periods were similar (P >0.05). Animals with a higher proportion of follicles from 17 to 21 mm, BFT values above 3.5 mm and a regular body condition were significantly different regardless of whether the dams remained with their calves or were separated, regardless of the length of this event. It can be concluded that (1) a pre-synchronization program at day 25 could trigger the onset of ovarian activity and facilitate a breeding program at day 50 and (2) temporary weaning enhances the effect of a pre-synchronization program.     

宝鸡地区荷斯坦奶牛发情、排卵及授精效果的比较观测

对宝鸡地区荷斯坦奶牛发情周期排卵时间、授精效果进行了调查，并对其影响因素作了分析研究。研究结果：不同产犊季节对产后第一次发情时间有显著影响，青年牛与成年牛发情后排卵时间有显著差异。产后第一、二次与三次以上发情输精受胎率有显著差异；产后母牛用药物处理和不处理，授精效果差异显著。表明，在奶牛产后子宫正常情况下，在第一、二情期授精效果最好；发情周期在19－23d受胎率提高；排卵8h内输精、受胎率最高。     

基于UHPLC-QTOF-MS代谢组学方法筛选奶牛不同妊娠状态时的候选生物标志物

旨在筛选人工授精后第17天奶牛在不同妊娠状态时的候选生物标志物。本研究以宁夏某奶牛场体重为（550±50） kg,体况评分相近的经产（2~3胎次）健康荷斯坦奶牛为试验对象。同期发情后,在人工授精后第17天晨饲前对奶牛进行尾静脉采血,后期采用计步器和B超仪诊断出奶牛的妊娠状态。根据诊断结果将奶牛分为妊娠组（A组,n=12）和未妊娠返情组（B组,n=24）,将这两组血样进行代谢轮廓及代谢物变化分析。主成分分析（PCA）和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（OPLS-DA）结果显示,A、B两组血浆代谢轮廓均发生了明显变化,A、B两组之间共检测出8种ROC （Receiver operating characteristic curve）曲线下面积（area under the ROC curve,AUC）＞0.8的差异代谢物。丙氨酸-亮氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、L-正亮氨酸、DL-苯丙氨酸、肌氨酸、吡咯-2-羧酸和缬氨酸-蛋氨酸有望成为识别妊娠组（A组）和未妊娠返情组（B组）的差异代谢物。综上表明,血浆中的这8种代谢物有望成为奶牛妊娠识别阶段潜在的生物标志物,为配种早期妊娠识别提供新思路。     

母牛同期发情试验及受胎产犊效果观察

[目的]为了解决牛群分散,交通不变问题.[方法]本文利用同期发情处理方法,并为了观察牛同期发情及受胎产犊效果.在红塔、新平和元江分三批对102头母牛进行同期发情处理(放置阴道栓+注射氯前列烯醇),撤栓后根据发情情况用冷冻精液对97头母牛进行人工授精,[结果]表明同期发情率95.1%.150～160 d后对输精母牛进行妊...     

Protected fatty acid supplementation during estrus synchronization treatment on reproductive parameters of dairy goats

This study evaluated the effect of the protected fatty acid inclusion during estrus synchronization on reproductive parameters. Goats (n = 32) received progestagen sponges for 6 days and 200 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin and 30 µg d‐cloprostenol were given on Day 5. No difference was found among control (C), 1% protected fatty acid inclusion (C + 1%) or 4% protected fatty acid inclusion (C + 4%) groups, respectively, in estrus (100.0, 100.0 or 90.9%), estrus duration (31.6 ± 12.3; 43.2 ± 12.9 or 40.8 ± 14.1 h), animals ovulating (100.0, 90.0 or 100.0%) or ovulation rate (1.3 ± 0.5; 1.1 ± 0.3 or 1.2 ± 0.4). The interval from sponge removal to ovulation and from estrus to ovulation, respectively, were shorter for C + 4% (45.2 ± 8.0 h; 18.3 ± 11.0 h) compared with C (56.3 ± 12.6 h; 30.6 ± 10.5 h) or C + 1% (57.7 ± 8.7 h; 30.3 ± 11.1 h). The average ovulatory follicle diameter was smaller for C + 4% (6.2 ± 0.7 mm) than C (7.5 ± 0.8 mm), but similar to C + 1% (7.0 ± 1.5 mm). Insulin, insulin‐like growth factor 1, glucose and progesterone concentrations were similar among groups. The inclusion of protected fatty acid during synchronization treatment promoted no benefits on ovulation rate, but 4% anticipated the ovulation time.     

Effect of a single intrauterine administration of recombinant bovine interferon-τ on day 7 of the estrous cycle on the luteal phase length and blood profile in dairy cows

This study tested the effect of recombinant bovine interferon-tau (rboIFN-τ) on the length of estrous cycle, luteal lifespan and side effects of rboIFN-τ in the cow. A normal estrous cycle in six non-lactating cycling Holstein cows was observed (non-treated cycle), and either 2.0 mg of liposomalized rboIFN-τ (treated cycle) or bovine serum albumin (BSA; placebo cycle) was infused in the uterus on day 7 of the estrous cycle (day 0=day of ovulation). Rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate were recorded and blood samples were collected before and after the treatments. The length of the estrous cycle and corpus luteum lifespan in rboIFN-τ treated cycles were not significantly different from those of the non-treated and placebo cycles. In contrast, the rboIFN-τ treatment caused a transient increase in rectal temperature and a decrease in the number of peripheral lymphocytes and neutrophils after the treatment.