Synthesis of highly intercalated urea-clay nanocomposite via domestic montmorillonite as eco-friendly slow-release fertilizer

The present study describes the preparation and characterization of montmorillonite-urea nanocomposites (Mt-Ur) using aqueous suspension technique at various stirring times and different ratio of montmorillonite to urea (Mt/Ur) via an impure and domestic montmorillonite (Mt), without the application of any chemical reagents and high-energy-demand process (environmentally friendly). The intercalation of urea into Mt interlayer was clearly demonstrated by a significant expansion of d₀₀₁ spacing (interlayer space of Mt) from 1.23 to 1.71 nm which has not yet been reported by aqueous suspension technique. Analyses performed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) also confirmed the effectiveness of this simple process to intercalate the urea into clay lamella. The release pattern demonstrated that the nanocomposite had a slow-release behaviour for urea dissolution. The results also suggested that the Mt type applied in the current study, in a 1:20 Mt/Ur ratio and stirred for 1 h, possessed desirable ecological and economic efficiency in the production of slow-release urea fertilizer due to the application of the impure and domestic clay which is of very low-cost and eco-friendly. Nevertheless, urea was fully intercalated into the interlayer of clay by a simple technique and with a good slow-release behaviour.     

无机/有机纳米复合材料的制备方法

随着纳米科学研究与技术开发的日益深入和完善,纳米杂化和纳米复合材料的研究已经发展成为当今物理、化学、材料科学等学科中1个非常活跃的研究领域,其中集有机和无机特性于一身的无机/有机纳米复合材料倍受研究者们的青睐。本文对制备无机/有机纳米复合材料的方法进行了总结。     

MMT改性淀粉基纳米复合纤维的海水降解性能

不可降解渔具造成的“白色污染”和“幽灵捕捞”问题已严重威胁到海洋的生态环境,开发可降解渔具材料已经成为我国渔业可持续发展的有效途径之一。本实验采用熔融纺丝法制备淀粉(STR)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/纳米蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合纤维,研究MMT对纳米复合纤维的热学性能、力学性能、动态力学性能与海水降解性能的影响。结果显示,引入MMT后,纳米复合纤维的熔融温度(Tm)移向低温,结晶度增加,而断裂强度下降。此外,MMT的加入显著降低了聚乙烯的玻璃态储能模量和内部损耗,但对淀粉相影响不显著。4个月海水降解结果显示,与STR/HDPE纤维相比,STR/HDPE/MMT纳米复合纤维失重率增加了约5%,纤维直径减小了约11%,这表明MMT加快了STR/HDPE纤维的降解过程。本实验系统研究了MMT改性淀粉基纳米复合纤维的海水降解性能,可为渔业等海洋产业用降解新材料的开发与应用提供参考。     

蒙脱石纳米复合物吸附猪日粮中黄曲霉毒素B1效果的研究

选用120头体重(29.8±1.3)kg的"杜长大"三元杂交猪,随机分为4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪(公母各半)。试验猪分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮添加0.3%蒙脱石纳米复合物(MN)、基础日粮添加0.1 mg/kg黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、基础日粮添加0.1 mg/kg AFB1和0.3%MN,试验期90 d,以研究MN缓解猪黄曲霉毒素中毒症、降低猪体组织中黄曲霉毒素B1残留量的效果,并初步探讨其作用机理。结果表明:(1)在基础日粮中添加0.1 mg/kg的黄曲霉毒素B1,显著降低了试验猪的日增重和饲料转化效率,严重损害了试验猪的肝脏功能,造成了相关指标的异常升高或降低;(2)在黄曲霉毒素B1污染的日粮中添加0.3%的MN,显著降低了黄曲霉毒素B1在猪体组织中的残留量,明显改善了试验猪的生长性能,减轻甚至消除了黄曲霉毒素B1对动物生长性能和肝脏功能等的不良影响。     

基于TMT定量蛋白质组学揭示纳米包装双孢蘑菇采后冷藏生理代谢规律

背景 双孢蘑菇采后极易发生开伞、失水及褐变等品质劣变现象,极大地影响了其贮藏品质和商业价值。前期研究已证实纳米包装可有效延缓双孢蘑菇采后的品质劣变,但其保鲜机制仍不清晰。目的 本研究通过串联质谱标记（TMT）定量蛋白质组学技术,对纳米包装和普通聚乙烯包装的双孢蘑菇贮藏期间的差异表达蛋白进行分析,进一步探究纳米包装保鲜双孢蘑菇的作用机制。方法 以双孢蘑菇为研究对象,用纳米包装对其进行保鲜,并以普通聚乙烯包装作为对照。对贮藏期间双孢蘑菇进行蛋白提取和胰蛋白酶解,并通过TMT标记及液相色谱串联质谱检测,筛选出差异表达蛋白,结合生物信息学分析,研究差异蛋白所参与的主要代谢途径,同时利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）技术,在基因层面验证差异蛋白的表达水平。 结果 纳米包装有效维持了双孢蘑菇的外观品质,并且延缓了细胞膜透性的增加。随着贮藏时间的增加,两组包装的差异蛋白数目增多,在贮藏中期（6 d）和贮藏末期（10 d）,差异蛋白分别达到62个和148个,其中纳米包装和普通包装有共同差异蛋白22个。结合生物信息学分析,发现这些差异蛋白主要与能量代谢和脂代谢等功能途径相关。对脂代谢途径进行重点分析,结果显示纳米包装对双孢蘑菇的膜脂代谢具有调控作用,相较于普通包装组,纳米包装组的脂肪酸合成酶、磷酸胆碱孢苷酰转移酶和磷脂酸磷酸酯酶呈上调趋势,同时下调了膜脂降解关键酶如磷脂酶D和脂肪酶的活性;从基因水平上来看,编码这些蛋白的基因表达与组学结果相一致。 结论 利用TMT定量蛋白质组学技术,能对不同包装双孢蘑菇贮藏期间的差异蛋白进行筛选和分析。纳米包装调节了双孢蘑菇的膜脂代谢,抑制了膜脂降解相关酶的表达,有效延缓了细胞膜透性的增加,维持了细胞膜结构和功能,进而延缓双孢蘑菇贮藏期间的品质劣变。     

ZnO/Bi_(3.6)Eu_(0.4)Ti_3O_(12)纳米复合薄膜的光致发光性能

采用化学溶液沉积法在石英衬底上制备纳米颗粒ZnO/Bi3.6Eu0.4Ti3O12(BEu T)铁电复合薄膜.光致发光研究结果表明,通过引入ZnO纳米颗粒,BEuT薄膜中Eu3+的发光大大增强,其强度大约是单纯BEu T薄膜的35倍.这种发光强度的极大改善归因于从ZnO到Eu3+的能量传递效率高.     

Preparation of SAN/silicate nanocomposites using PMMA as a compatibilizer

Polymer/silicate nanocomposites were prepared via two-step manufacturing process: a master batch preparation and then mixing with matrix polymer. A hybrid of PMMA and Na-MMT with exfoliated structure was first prepared by emulsion polymerization of MMA in the presence of Na-MMT. For the case that SAN24, miscible with PMMA, is used as matrix, we could prepare a nanocomposite with exfoliated structure. However, SAN31 nanocomposite shows the aggregation and/or reordering of the silicate layers due to the immiscibility between SAN31 and PMMA.     

蒙脱石-壳聚糖复合物对磷吸附性能的研究

为探究蒙脱石-壳聚糖复合物对水体中磷(P)的吸附性能和应用前景,将壳聚糖加载于蒙脱石,通过X射线衍射仪和傅立叶变换红外光谱表征该复合物结构,并通过静态吸附实验研究其对磷的吸附行为。结果表明,饱和吸附的壳聚糖能插层蒙脱石层间形成复合物;随pH从2增加到6,P在复合物上的吸附量增加,并在pH 6时达到最大吸附量16.15 mg·g~(-1),随着pH继续增加至9,吸附量减少至9.05 mg·g~(-1);P在复合物上约3 h达到吸附平衡,动力学吸附结果拟合准二阶方程较好,说明化学吸附为速率控制阶段;复合物对P的吸附为自发放热反应,在20~40℃范围内随温度上升,吸附量减少;等温吸附拟合Langmuir方程最佳,拟合最大吸附量为16.36 mg·g~(-1),pH 6条件下,复合物对P的吸附为均质吸附。该研究结果说明蒙脱石-壳聚糖复合物具有吸附P的应用价值。     

渔用超高分子量聚乙烯/石墨烯纳米复合纤维的结构与蠕变性能

采用熔融纺丝法制备渔用超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)/石墨烯(GR)纳米复合纤维,研究了GR含量对UHMWPE纤维结构、热性能、力学性能与蠕变性能的影响。结果显示,GR在UHMWPE纤维基体中的分散情况以纳米级厚度为主,当GR含量为1‰和3‰时,GR在UHMWPE纤维基体中分散均匀,当GR含量为5‰时,GR在UHMWPE纤维基体中出现大的团聚体。与纯UHMWPE纤维相比,UHMWPE/GR纳米复合纤维的断裂强度和结节断裂强度均有显著提高,表明一定含量的GR可有效增强UHMWPE的抗蠕变性能且降低其蠕变速率。当GR含量为3‰时,断裂强力提高了31.9%,蠕变率降低了27.3%。当UHMWPE经GR改性后,纳米粒子与聚乙烯链段相互作用力增强,晶区附近受限的非晶区链段增多,α转变峰逐渐增强增宽。研究表明,通过纳米改性技术,可以显著提高超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的力学性能和抗蠕变性能,为实现渔用材料的高性能化提供理论依据。     

Influence of Chitosan Nanocomposite and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract Coating on Quality of Huso huso Fillet Inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes During Refrigerated Storage

This study aimed to evaluate the antilisterial and antioxidative effects of chitosan nanocomposites and rosemary extract coating on the fillet of Huso huso inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage (4°C). Fish fillets were subjected as control (without coating), 0.5% rosemary extract (RE), 1% chitosan (CS), and combination of chitosan and rosemary extract as chitosan nanocomposite (CS/RE). Then, samples were inoculated with L. monocytogenes. Subsequently, the chemical parameters (total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), peroxide value (PV), pH, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)) and antilisterial effects of coatings were monitored during 16 days of storage at 4°C. According to the results, CS/RE demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) ability to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes from 4.14 log cfu/g to 2.23 log cfu/g at the end of the storage period, followed by CT and RET treatments, respectively, compared to the control. Even though samples coated with CS/RE had the lowest pH and TVB-N values (p < 0.05), this coating was not able to pause the protein denaturation after 8 days of storage (p > 0.05) compared to the other treatments. On the other hand, CS/RE coating retarded lipid oxidation by decreasing PV and TBA production in the samples compared to the control up to the end of refrigerated storage (p < 0.05).