激光脉冲在橘子表皮打标的效果研究

为满足水果追溯条码清晰、耐久的要求,选取橘子为试验对象,对比纳秒激光和皮秒激光在其表面打印二维码的效果。试验结果表明:与纳秒激光相比,皮秒激光在橘子表皮上打印的线条平直度佳,轮廓清晰,对表皮的损伤更小。     

甘蔗横向种植机补种系统设计与试验

针对甘蔗横向种植机在种植过程中出现的漏播问题,设计了一套基于51单片机的甘蔗实时补种系统。通过对充种、储种、供种、护种及投种过程进行运动学和动力学的仿真分析,确定了影响补种效果的主要因素,设计了补种系统的关键部件。该系统采用AT89C52单片机、3套对射型激光传感器分别对漏种、补种箱和储蔗槽中蔗种余量不足的情况进行信号采集,进行漏种计数显示和实现蔗种余量不足时的报警,步进电机作为动力源,驱动辊耙转动完成补种过程。选取行进速度和补种辊槽数为试验因素,以补种成功率和重置率为补种性能指标,进行了二因素五水平的正交旋转组合试验。结果表明,行进速度对补种成功率的影响极显著,补种辊槽数对补种成功率的影响极显著;利用Excel软件进行了二次回归方程分析,得出当行进速度为3 km/h、补种辊槽数为10个时,补种成功率达到93.97%,重置率为1.69%。设计的实时补种系统性能稳定可靠,解决了播种器工作过程中的漏种问题。     

利用氦氖激光诱变提高枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶活力的研究

通过诱变筛选纤溶酶活性高的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株,得到突变株HDBF-N7HN5。使用氦氖激光诱变,设置不同的诱变时间,通过不同的蛋白平板处理,筛选高产突变株并检测纤溶酶活力。实验结果表明,在氦氖激光诱变处理45 min后,最高产突变株纤溶酶活力达到429.89±5.74 IU/mL。突变株经过10次传代培养后,保持稳定的高产纤溶酶特性。纤溶酶粗酶液处理血凝块的绝对溶解率可达到57.74±0.72%,10倍稀释液处理血凝块的绝对溶解率也能达到26.89±0.68%,菌株产生的纤溶酶具有良好的体外溶栓效果。本研究结果既提高了微生物纤溶酶活性,也为该菌株产纤溶酶的产业化提供了依据。     

基于可控气流-激光检测技术的鸡肉嫩度评估方法

以鸡肉嫩度为研究对象，采用可控气流-激光检测技术的瞬态、蠕变回复和应力松弛等动静态检测模态，并使用支持向量机分类器和全局变量偏最小二乘算法，结合不同预处理方法，对鸡肉嫩度进行定性判别和定量预测。结果表明3个激励模态结合不同预处理算法均可实现鸡肉嫩度的定性定量评估。在定性方面，瞬态模态对嫩度具有最佳的分类效果；S-G卷积平滑算法表现出最佳的预处理性能，校正集嫩/老分类精度分别为1和0.98，马修斯相关系数为0.97；而验证集分类精度也达到了0.95和0.84。在定量预测方面，S-G卷积平滑算法在提升原始数据的信噪比上同样具有最佳效果；瞬态模态校正集和验证集模型相关系数分别为0.948和0.913，均方根误差分别为0.736N和1.013N。因此，在组织结构引起的品质预测动态模态较静态模态更适用。本研究开展的可控气流-激光技术在鸡肉嫩度评估的应用，为肉品检测领域提供了新的解决方案。     

Transgenic sorghum with suppressed synthesis of kafirin subclasses: Effects on flour and dough rheological characteristics

Arising from work showing that conventionally bred high protein digestibility sorghum types have improved flour and dough functionality, the flour and dough properties of transgenic biofortified sorghum lines with increased protein digestibility and high lysine content (TG-HD) resulting from suppressed synthesis of several kafirin subclasses, especially the cysteine-rich γ-kafirin, were studied. TG-HD sorghums had higher flour water solubility at 30 °C (p < 0.05) and much higher paste viscosity (41% higher) than their null controls (NC). TG-HD doughs were twice as strong as their NC and dynamic rheological analysis indicated that the TG doughs were somewhat more elastic up to 90 °C. CLSM of doughs and pastes indicated that TG-HD had a less compact endosperm protein matrix surround the starch compared to their NC. The improved flour and dough functional properties of the TG-HD sorghums seem to be caused by reduced endosperm compactness resulting from suppression of synthesis of several kafirin subclasses which modifies protein body and protein matrix structure, and to improved protein-starch interaction through hydrogen bonding specifically caused by reduction in the level of the hydrophobic γ-kafirin. The improved flour functionality of these transgenic biofortified sorghums can increase their commercial utility by complementing their improved nutritional quality.     

木材激光烧蚀设备总体结构设计

飞秒-纳秒量级脉冲激光烧蚀材料表面技术广泛应用于机械微加工、外科手术、生物分子质谱以及艺术品修复和清洁等领域。基于该技术,从激光烧蚀设备的结构、传动类型、部件选型、技术措施等方面对设备样机进行设计。     

Construction of a novel densitometer that utilizes a near-infrared laser system with Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)

Abstract

A novel densitometer consisting of a continuous wave near-infrared (NIR) laser source and an avalanche photodiode module as the detector has been designed, which can rapidly and non-destructively measure the density of wood. The wood density of a small area (3.14 mm²) at the radial-transverse face was continuously estimated using the intensity of the transmitted light with the aid of the modified Lambert-Beer law. By conducting a validity evaluation with statistical coefficients, it was shown that the constructed system could obtain the sharp density profile compatible with X-ray densitometer [Root mean squared error of calibration (RMSEC) = 0.045 g cm^?3, Root mean squared error of validation (RMSEV) = 0.046 g cm^?3). It was concluded that the constructed NIR device has high performance from the viewpoint of operability, measuring time and safety.     

崩岗崩积体坡面糙度及其与侵蚀方式的耦合影响研究

崩岗崩积体是崩岗的主要沙源地。基于人工模拟降雨试验及三维激光扫描技术,研究崩岗崩积体坡面侵蚀过程。研究表明:利用三维激光扫描的点云数据能定量分析降雨前后坡面水蚀特征。全坡面及各坡位均为片蚀总量大于细沟侵蚀总量,但各坡位的侵蚀强度有所差异,其细沟侵蚀强度由大到小表现为下坡、中坡、上坡,片蚀强度由大到小表现为上坡、中坡、下坡。坡面空间糙度由大到小大致呈现下坡位、中坡位、上坡位,坡面侵蚀方式可影响坡面糙度值及变化趋势,而坡面糙度亦能影响各侵蚀方式的侵蚀强度。整个降雨时段内全坡面侵蚀量最大、产沙量次之,沉积量最小,受坡面糙度变化影响,全坡面侵蚀、产沙量均呈现递减趋势。而上坡位的侵蚀、产沙量无明显变化,中、下坡位的侵蚀、产沙量呈对数减小趋势。此外,除上、下坡位沉积量间存在显著差异外,各坡位间侵蚀量、产沙量均无显著差异。