甘蔗横向种植机补种系统设计与试验

针对甘蔗横向种植机在种植过程中出现的漏播问题,设计了一套基于51单片机的甘蔗实时补种系统。通过对充种、储种、供种、护种及投种过程进行运动学和动力学的仿真分析,确定了影响补种效果的主要因素,设计了补种系统的关键部件。该系统采用AT89C52单片机、3套对射型激光传感器分别对漏种、补种箱和储蔗槽中蔗种余量不足的情况进行信号采集,进行漏种计数显示和实现蔗种余量不足时的报警,步进电机作为动力源,驱动辊耙转动完成补种过程。选取行进速度和补种辊槽数为试验因素,以补种成功率和重置率为补种性能指标,进行了二因素五水平的正交旋转组合试验。结果表明,行进速度对补种成功率的影响极显著,补种辊槽数对补种成功率的影响极显著;利用Excel软件进行了二次回归方程分析,得出当行进速度为3 km/h、补种辊槽数为10个时,补种成功率达到93.97%,重置率为1.69%。设计的实时补种系统性能稳定可靠,解决了播种器工作过程中的漏种问题。

Design and Test of Replenishment System for Sugarcane Horizontal Planter

Aiming at the problem of seeding omission of sugarcane transverse planter in the process of planting, a kind of replanting device with hierarchical transmission was designed. Through the kinematics and dynamics simulation analysis of filling, storing, supplying, protecting and throwing process, the main factors affecting the effect of replanting were determined, and the key components of replanting system were designed. A sugarcane real-time replenishment system based on 51 single chip computer was developed. The AT89C52 chip and three pairs of laser sensors were used to collect signals of sugarcane seed leakage, replenishment box and sugarcane storage tank for insufficient sugarcane seed reserve. The signal was counted and displayed. The alarm circuit realized the alarm of insufficient sugarcane seed reserve, and the stepper motor was used for the alarm. For power source, the driving roll rake rotated to complete the seed replenishment process. The bench test showed that by choosing two factors, i.e. the traveling speed and the number of grooves, and taking the success rate and the replacement rate as the performance index, the orthogonal rotation test of two factors and five levels was carried out. It was concluded that the traveling speed had a very significant influence on the success rate of replanting, followed by the number of grooves. The quadratic regression equation analysis with Excel showed that the success rate of replanting was 93.97% and the replacement rate was 1.69% when the traveling speed was 3km/h and the number of grooves was 10. The performance of the real-time seeding replenishment system was stable and reliable, which solved the problem of seeding leakage in the process of seeder operation.