Antioxidative activity of extracts from Luffa cylindrica

AIM: To isolate the active compounds of Luffa cylindrica and investigate their antioxidative activity. METHODS: Antioxidants from Luffa cylindrica were isolated using solvent extraction and Sephadex column chromatography. Active compounds of the extracts were identified with the antioxidative activity assays. RESULTS: With solvent extracting procedure, four extracts (Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ) were obtained. Among these extracts, extract Ⅲ had significant antioxidative activity, which exerted a potent scavenging effect for both DPPH· and OH· assays. For further purification, extract Ⅲ was subject to Sephadex column and five fractions ( A, B, C, D and E ) were isolated. Fraction D and E showed good efficiency on scavenging DPPH· and OH·, and exhibited flavanoid characteristics. CONCLUSION: Luffa cylindrica efficiently scavenges free radical species, and flavanoid exerts this action.     

儿茶素及其组合物清除自由基能力的研究

应用化学发光方法研究了4种儿茶素及其组合物对超氧阴离子自由基（O^＊2^-）和羟自由基（OH^＊）的清除能力，并对其之间的清除能力进行了比较。结果表明：EGCG、ECG、EGC和EC的O^＊2^-清除率为50％时的浓度SC50分别为4．2、4．9、5．2和6．2μmol／L，而OH^＊清除率为50％时的浓度SC50则分别为0．22、0．25、0．26和0．30μmol／L。4种儿茶素的浓度相同时，其O^＊2^-和OH^＊清除率的大小顺序为：EGCG〉ECG〉EGC〉Ec。并应用正交试验设计方法来优化4种儿茶素的组合，结果表明：清除O^＊2^-和OH^＊的最佳组合是EGCG：ECG：EGC：EC为3：3：1：1。EGCG对自由基清除率影响是最大和最显著的。在4种儿茶素的组合中，当EGCG所占的比例较大时，其组合物的自由基清除率比单体的自由基清除率要大。文中最后还模拟了不同茶叶中4种儿茶素所占的比例不同时，其清除自由基的能力的大小。本研究为利用儿茶素的不同配伍寻找一种更能发挥其药用功效的复合物提供了一条新的途经。     

恒pH自动滴定系统及其在土壤表面化学研究中的应用

利用MIA 3型自动分析系统的硬件 ,根据研究的需要开发了一个专用软件 ,建成适用于恒pH自动滴定系统。并对一个含氧化铁很高的砖红壤的表面羟基的释放过程进行了测试应用。结果显示 ,在Na2 SO4 溶液中 ,羟基释放量明显受pH和SO2 - 4加入量的影响 ,羟基释放量的动态变化很好地符合Elovich方程。     

坛紫菜丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶基因的克隆及表达特征

丝氨酸羟甲基转移酶(SHMT)在植物应答逆境胁迫中发挥着重要作用。本研究以坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)为研究材料,采用普通PCR技术克隆得到2条坛紫菜的SHMT全长基因序列,分别命名为PhSHMT-1(GenBank收录号:MF687405)和PhSHMT-2(GenBank收录号:MF687406)。其中,PhSHMT-1序列全长1710 bp,包含一个1491 bp的开放阅读框,所编码的多肽包含497个氨基酸,分子量为121.443 kDa,等电点为4.93;PhSHMT-2序列全长1957 bp,包含一个1395 bp的开放阅读框,所编码的多肽包含465个氨基酸,分子量为113.969 k Da,等电点为4.95。多序列比对和系统进化树分析结果确认PhSHMT-1和PhSHMT-2基因属于SHMT基因家族。qRT-PCR定量分析结果表明,高温胁迫条件下,2条PhSHMT基因的表达模式基本一致,均表现为先上调后下调再上调的趋势,这说明SHMT基因可能在坛紫菜应答高温胁迫过程中发挥作用。     

羟基磷灰石对铅锌矿区土壤吸附Zn2+、Cd2+的影响

为探究羟基磷灰石(HAP)对矿区土壤重金属的固化效果,采用吸附试验,研究施加HAP的铅锌矿区土壤对Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的动力学吸附和等温吸附效果。结果表明:土壤对Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的吸附量随Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)初始浓度的增加而增加;在酸性条件下,其吸附量随pH上升而上升;准二级动力学方程能很好地描述两者的吸附过程,土壤吸附能力随HAP的添加量增大而增强;在Zn—Cd共存体系中,当初始浓度为20mg/L时,土壤对Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)的吸附无明显差异,2种金属离子竞争力度小,随着初始浓度上升,竞争明显,对Zn~(2+)的最大吸附量能达到单一体系中的79%～87%,而Cd~(2+)的最大吸附量只有单一体系中的57%～72%,Zn~(2+)的竞争力优于Cd~(2+),Zn~(2+)对Cd~(2+)吸附产生严重的抑制。综上可知,HAP能提高矿区土壤的吸附性能,在Zn、Cd污染土壤中,更能提升土壤对Zn~(2+)的吸附固持能力。     

野生卷丹百合黄酮类化合物抗氧化能力的研究

以野生卷丹百合、兰州百合为材料,测定D-101大孔树脂纯化处理前后的总黄酮含量,并比较卷丹百合、芦丁和兰州百合的抗氧化能力。结果表明,用D-101大孔树脂纯化处理前后卷丹百合中总黄酮含量分别为2.187 9和1.723 4 mg/g,兰州百合在纯化前后总黄酮含量分别为1.650 6和1.326 3 mg/g。卷丹百合总黄酮对O2-.、.OH和DPPH都有良好的清除能力且清除效果强于芦丁及兰州百合,表现为:①当提取物质量浓度达到4.00 g/L时,对O2-.的清除率达到89.64%,比同质量浓度芦丁与兰州百合分别高出70.58%和2.57%;②当提取物质量浓度达到2.40 g/L时,对.OH的清除率为62.83%,而同质量浓度芦丁与兰州百合分别为35.68%和25.35%;③当提取物质量浓度达到1.00 g/L时,对DPPH的清除率为47.45%,在同质量浓度下分别比芦丁与兰州百合高出6.82和7.39个百分点。     

Lipid peroxidation,protein oxidant and antioxidant status of muscle and serum for juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed grade levels of methionine hydroxy analogue

Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and antioxidant status of serum and muscle in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian) fed graded levels of methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA: 0, 5.1, 7.6, 10.2, 12.7, 15.3 g kg^?1 diet) for 60 days were investigated. Both malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content in serum and muscle decreased with increasing dietary MHA level up to 5.1–10.2 g kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05). Anti‐hydroxyl radical and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in muscle and serum, as well as anti‐superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content in serum, increased with optimal MHA supplement (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, glutathione‐S‐transferase activity in serum showed a downward trend with dietary MHA up to 7.6 g kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05). These results indicated that MHA improved antioxidant status and depressed lipid and protein oxidation in serum and muscle.     

酶解金枪鱼头蛋白制备羟基自由基清除物的研究

用5种蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、typsin、pepsin以及Alcalase 2.4L)分别酶解金枪鱼头蛋白,以羟基自由基清除率为指标,筛选出羟基自由基清除力最强的是Alcalase 2.4L的酶解液,通过响应面试验优化Alcalase2.4L最佳酶解条件为:酶解时间340 min,酶解温度54℃,加酶量0.38%,该条件下酶解液的羟基自由基清除率最佳,为63.67%。     

Heat induced formation of free radicals in wheat flour

Oxidative Stability of bread is increasingly being recognized as important for long shelf-life. Formation of free radicals in whole wheat flour and white flour during heating was compared using Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy in order to identify the primary oxidative events. Heating lead to a higher content of free radicals in wholemeal wheat flour than in white flour, since components in the husk seem to make a major contribution. Two different pathways are suggested for the formation of free radicals in wheat flour. The activation energy for the radical formation in the flours was estimated by Arrhenius plot as 34 kJ mol⁻¹ up to 453 K, and above 473 K higher activation energies were observed. The change in activation energies indicates a change in reaction mechanisms for oxidation probably involving species with different mobility, i.e. different molecular weight. The accumulated concentration of free radicals in heated flour increased during one month storage and it is slightly affected by the water activity in the storage container.     

白骨壤叶水提液清除自由基作用的研究

研究了白骨壤叶的水浸提工艺,并采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、水杨酸法、DPPH法,分别测定了白骨壤叶水提液清除超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基和DPPH自由基的能力。结果表明,水浸提白骨壤叶的最适工艺条件为:料液比1∶25(g∶mL),温度50℃,时间120min,提取率8.14%。白骨壤叶水提液对超氧阴离子(·O2)-、羟基自由基(·OH)及DPPH·自由基均有一定的清除活性,且与其浓度呈正相关,其IC50分别为1.16,1.42,2.27mg/mL,因此白骨壤叶水提液具有一定的体外抗氧化活性。