京津冀一次区域性暴雨特征分析

利用FNL再分析资料、卫星资料和自动站资料对2019年7月22~23日京津冀一次区域性暴雨过程进行了环流形势、卫星云图、动热力结构的分析。结果表明:此次暴雨发生在500hPa两槽一脊、副热带高压北抬、低空急流的大尺度环流背景下。西南方向的水汽输送和黄渤海的补充水汽为暴雨提供了良好的水汽条件,在河北中部的水汽辐合抬升则为暴雨提供了抬升条件。此次暴雨的产生受中尺度对流云团的连续生成合并影响,降水效率高。在暴雨中心整层表现为低层辐合、高层辐散,上升速度中心明显,使得高层的抽吸作用更强,更有利于上升运动的维持与发展,为降水强度增大提供了有力的动力条件,高空弱冷空气的入侵对能量锋区不稳定能量的释放起到了触发作用。     

AMF促进植物吸收矿质元素的生理机制及对土壤硫素的影响

由于人口不断增长,人们要快速得到高产高质粮食的要求迫切,大量使用化肥,导致了有害物质残留,土壤或水污染,土壤板结或某些营养元素相对匮乏等一系列环境问题。丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)是土壤内常见的共生结构,由AM真菌(AMF)与土壤根系形成。已有研究表明其可通过分泌代谢物,增大根系与土壤接触面积,调节某些土壤元素存在形式等多种途径,影响植物对土壤元素的吸收转运。硫是维持植物生长发育的必需元素之一,可由于植物对S的需要并不如N,P,K大量,现代农业在对土壤进行施肥过程中往往将其忽略,因此土壤缺S正逐渐成为中国农业发展的限制因素。为了解决以上问题,本文将主要对AMF影响植物吸收土壤元素的途径及生理机制进行总结分析。并根据其作用方式特点进一步分析AM共生对植物吸收转运硫素的影响,指出AMF作为生物化肥的可行性,以期为解决现代化肥的替代问题以及土壤缺硫问题提供新的思路。     

Effect of miRNA-33 on ABCA1/ABCG1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells after Hcy treatment

AIM:To study whether homocysteine (Hcy) inhibits the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) by microRNA-33 (miRNA-33) signaling, and reduces the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).METHODS:RAW264.7 macrophages were induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish foam cell model. Oil red O staining was used to determine whether the model was established successfully. miRNA-33 mimics and miRNA-33 inhibitor were transfected into the cells by Lipofectamine 2000, and the cells were exposed to Hcy at concentration of 5 mmol/L for 24 h. The intracellular lipid droplets were observed by Oil red O staining. The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The cellular cholesterol content was analyzed by HPLC, and effluent rate of cholesterol was detected by the method of liquid scintillation counting.RESULTS:Compared with blank control group, the lipid content in miRNA-33 mimics group was increased, and the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was decreased (P<0.05). The intracellular cholesterol content was increased gradually (P<0.05), and the cellular cholesterol efflux rate was gradually decreased (P<0.05) in miRNA-33 mimics group. Compared with blank control group, the testing results in miRNA-33 inhibitor group were the opposition of those in miRNA-33 mimics group (P<0.05). No diffe-rence of the above indexes among blank control group, miRNA-33 mimics-NC group and miRNA-33 inhibitor-NC group was observed.CONCLUSION:Hcy inhibits the mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 through miRNA-33 signaling, and reduces the efficiency of RCT in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells.     

2个与HSP70基因连锁的微卫星座位与牛运输应激性状的关联分析

试验探讨了2个与HSP70基因连锁的微卫星座位与牛运输应激性状的关联分析。选择120头12月龄、体重250 kg左右的健康西门塔尔杂种肉牛进行运输应激试验，并根据牛基因组遗传图谱，选择23号染色体上与HSP70基因连锁的微卫星座位BMS468和BM1258检测其在西门塔尔杂种肉牛样本群体中的多态性，采用最小二乘拟合一般线性模型分析微卫星座位与运输应激性状部分指标之间的关联效应。结果显示：微卫星座位BMS468共检测到5个等位基因（128、134、140、146、154 bp），优势等位基因为128和134 bp，有效等位基因数（Ne）、多态信息含量（PIC）和遗传杂合度（He）分别为3.66、0.68和0.73，遗传多态性较高，关联分析显示与运输后7 d平均日增重和发病率显著相关，其中128/128 bp基因型个体的运输后7 d平均日增重最大（P < 0.05），134/128 bp基因型个体的发病率最低（P < 0.05）；微卫星座位BM1258座位共检测到6个等位基因（99、101、103、113、117、119 bp），优势基因为101 bp，Ne、PIC和He分别为4.30、0.73和0.77，遗传多态性较丰富，关联分析显示，其与发病率显著相关，其中99/99 bp基因型个体的发病率最低（P < 0.05）。综上所述，2个微卫星座位可作为牛运输应激性状的潜在遗传标记，为开展牛抗运输应激性状的标记辅助选择提供科学依据。     

透气隔水埋体对土壤水分入渗与溶质运移的影响

为分析透气隔水(弱透水)埋体促进水分入渗与溶质运移功效,开展了不同容重(1.40,1.45,1.50,1.60 g/cm~3)透气隔水(弱透水)埋体的一维垂直土柱入渗试验,分析了不同容重的透气隔水(弱透水)埋体对土壤水分入渗与溶质分布的影响。结果表明,透气隔水(弱透水)埋体能够增加土壤累积入渗量,推动湿润锋运移,在一定范围内,随着透气隔水(弱透水)埋体容重增加,湿润锋推进速度与土壤入渗率均增加。600 min时,土壤累积入渗量相对增加7.42%～29.17%,湿润锋深度达到27 cm,入渗时间相对减少26.97%～64.27%。相比于对照组,不同容重的透气隔水(弱透水)埋体均能降低溶质向深层土壤迁移数量。Philip模型和代数模型均能描述透气隔水(弱透水)埋体土壤水分入渗过程,且Philip模型中吸渗率S和代数模型中综合形状系数α均与透气隔水(弱透水)埋体内外容重比呈正相关关系。研究结果表明透气隔水(弱透水)埋体能够通过改变上层土壤吸力分布提高水分入渗能力与溶质传输效率,实现对城市雨水径流调控和净化。     

瘤胃上皮内的乳酸吸收及其转运载体蛋白研究进展

乳酸作为瘤胃内的中间代谢产物,其合理的清除与有效的利用在由高精料诱导的瘤胃酸中毒的研究中十分重要。现有研究表明,瘤胃上皮在乳酸吸收方面发挥着一定的作用,因此,本文从瘤胃上皮的乳酸吸收以及吸收过程中涉及的转运载体蛋白进行综述,为进一步了解乳酸在瘤胃内的转运过程提供理论依据。     

红壤区肥液浓度对涌泉根灌水氮运移特性的影响

为提高红壤区涌泉根灌水氮利用效率,通过室内肥液入渗试验,研究了不同肥液浓度(0,10,20,35,60 g/L)条件下涌泉根灌土壤的入渗能力、湿润锋运移距离、土壤水分分布以及铵态氮和硝态氮的运移特性,并建立了红壤涌泉根灌土壤累计入渗量及湿润锋在竖直向上、竖直向下和水平方向的运移距离与肥液浓度的关系模型。结果表明:土壤累计入渗量、湿润锋运移距离以及湿润体内水分和氮素的分布均受到肥液浓度的影响。在同一入渗时刻,土壤累计入渗量及湿润锋运移距离随肥液浓度的增大而增大,且与入渗历时均呈幂函数关系;在灌水结束时,相同土层深度内,肥液浓度越大,土壤含水率就越大,土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮的浓度也越大,且与铵态氮相比,硝态氮的分布范围更广。随着肥液再分布的进行,土层内最大含水率位置逐渐下移,且土壤含水率的分布也更加均匀;土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮浓度的变化趋势不同,浅层中铵态氮的浓度逐渐降低,而硝态氮的浓度先降低后增加;深层中铵态氮的浓度先增加后降低,而硝态氮的浓度逐渐增加。该研究成果可为进一步研究红壤区涌泉根灌肥液入渗氮素运移及转化提供理论参考。     

Survival and serum biochemical responses of spotted sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus during simulated waterless live transportation

Waterless live fish transportation is an alternative and promising transport strategy, which may reduce shipping costs, increase stocking density and improve survival of some species. Spotted sea bass is one of the most economically important marine fish in China. However, waterless transportation has not yet been studied on spotted sea bass. To explore the possibility of waterless transportation of spotted sea bass and its sublethal stress responses, the survival rate and dynamics of blood biochemical parameters were evaluated in the present study by preserving it under no water, less water and water (control) conditions for 9 hr. The serum biochemical parameters including total protein, cortisol, glucose, lactate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total carbon dioxide (TCO₂), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) were investigated. Results showed that the survival rates of fish in all groups gradually declined with time increasing. At the end of transportation, the survival rates in the control group, less‐water group and no‐water group decreased to 49.11%, 15.60% and 23.96% respectively. Significant changes were observed in several selected serum biochemical parameters, including glucose, lactate, ALT, TCO₂, BUN and ammonia during simulated waterless transportation, which might negatively affect the physiological homeostasis of fish, leading to the high mortality in present study. In general, waterless transportation of spotted sea bass was possible, but it might be rather suitable for short time than long time.     

不同运输条件对合浦珠母贝稚贝存活比较

比较运输方式及环境温度对合浦珠母贝稚贝运输中的存活影响,从而为稚贝运输过程中的运输方式、环境温度及运输时间的把握提供借鉴和参考。以3月龄稚贝为实验材料,运用无水干露、加水淹没及包装充氧等3种方式,分别在环境温度为5、13、21和29℃下模拟运输。每隔3 h从每组运输条件下取出1组实验贝,转移到正常养殖环境下暂养恢复,经48 h后统计其存活率。对运输时间与存活率之间进行非线性参数曲线拟合,计算每组运输条件下的致死时间(T_0)、半致死时间(T_(0.5))及全致死时间(T_1);运用双因素方差分析,Duncan氏方法比较3种运输方式及4种环境温度间的均值。结果显示:包装充氧优于其他两种运输方式,而加水淹没又优于无水干露;温度为13℃和21℃时优于其他2个环境温度,环境温度为17.60～20.05℃是稚贝运输的最佳温度。