Effects of DHRS3 in C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation and Mouse Skeletal Muscle Injury

Myoblast differentiation is an essential process during skeletal muscle development. C2 C12 myoblast is a commonly used experimental model to study muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR family) member 3(DHRS3) is a highly conserved member in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of retinol. Previous experimental results showed that the expression of DHRS3 increased significantly during the differentiation of myoblasts differentiation. However, the effect of DHRS3 on mouse muscle cell differentiation was unclear. The objective of current study was to determine if DHRS3 affected muscle cell differentiation, and if DHRS3 was involved in muscle regeneration. Protein expression was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The activation and inhibition of DHRS3 increased and decreased C2 C12 myoblast differentiation respectively, which indicated that DHRS3 could affect C2 C12 myoblast differentiation. DHRS3 expression was significantly changed during muscle regeneration, with the regeneration of muscle injury, the expression of DHRS3 tended to increase first and then decrease. It suggested that DHRS3 might be involved in muscle regeneration. In summary, this study confirmed the involvement of DHRS3 in C2 C12 myoblast differentiation and mouse skeletal muscle regeneration and provided a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle development.     

河南省农业干旱脆弱性分析

为减轻旱灾损失,根据2005、2015年河南省统计与气象数据,采用10项指标和灰色关联分析法,以最劣值为参照系列分析了该省农业旱灾脆弱性。结果表明,豫西的济源、三门峡、洛阳,豫东的开封、漯河与豫北的鹤壁是河南省干旱脆弱性较强的区域,而豫东南的商丘、驻马店、信阳,豫北的新乡、豫西南的南阳则脆弱性较弱,其他地区居于两者之间;2005—2015年河南省干旱脆弱性呈明显的增加趋势。河南省是中国粮食生产核心区,首先要依靠科技创新,大力发展节水农业、循环农业;其次要重视水资源的节约与保护、加大农业投入以降低干旱的脆弱性,确保粮食安全。     

文冠果叶总皂苷的提取工艺优化及减肥降脂功效

【目的】优化文冠果叶总皂苷的提取工艺，并对其减肥降脂功效进行分析。【方法】采用单因素试验并结合Box-Behnken响应面法，对文冠果叶总皂苷的提取温度、液(mL)料(g)比、乙醇体积分数进行优化。采用高脂饲料喂养小鼠建立高血脂症模型，建模4周后，以奥利司他为阳性对照，分别采用高（200 mg/kg）、中（100 mg/kg）、低（50 mg/kg）剂量组文冠果叶总皂苷连续灌胃4周，检测小鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）的浓度，分析不同剂量文冠果叶总皂苷对小鼠体内胰脂肪酶的抑制作用。【结果】文冠果叶总皂苷的最佳提取工艺条件为：提取温度60 ℃，乙醇体积分数70%，液(mL)料(g)比30∶1，此时文冠果叶总皂苷得率为4.952%。对小鼠的减肥降脂试验表明，文冠果叶总皂苷对胰脂肪酶的抑制活力最高可达68.29%，且在高血脂模型中，高、中、低剂量文冠果叶总皂苷均可显著或极显著降低血清中的TC、TG、LDL-C浓度，提高HDL-C浓度，其中高剂量组的降脂作用与阳性对照药物奥利司他效果相当。【结论】文冠果叶总皂苷减肥降脂功效显著，能够有效抑制胰脂肪酶活力，降低胆固醇和甘油三酯含量，进而促进脂肪代谢。     

不同生态环境下甘蔗组合的生长表现和适应性

以2017—2018年组配的119个甘蔗组合为材料,分别在广西的南宁、崇左、来宾同时开展组合评价试验,基于锤重性状进行联合方差分析和遗传参数估计,并采用回归分析和AMMI模型对组合进行稳定性分析。结果表明:不同的组合、环境及组合与环境互作在锤重间的差异均达到了极显著水平(P0.01);3个试验点锤重的广义遗传率均属于中等偏低水平;崇左、来宾试验点的锤重变异系数较大,南宁试验点的锤重变异系数较小;643、404、575、972、636、144、YC95、1470、755、409、701、832、YC37、579等组合表现出高产、稳产和适应性广的特性;结合锤重和组合入选率综合分析,组合449、YC127、796、YC44、533、570、YC123、391、546、403、YC90、252在南宁试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高;组合643、212、YC61、432、903、YC95、YC44、368、YC83、YC127、YC112、701、411、YC90、YC123在崇左试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高;组合643、404、449、144、403、YC48在来宾试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高。     

不同蛋白质水平代乳粉对牦犊牛体重及血清生化指标的影响

为探究西藏地区牦牛代乳粉哺育犊牛的适宜蛋白质水平,本试验以藏区高山牦牛为研究对象,研究不同蛋白水平对哺乳期牦犊牛的体重和血清学指标的影响,以筛选出蛋白质水平最佳的代乳粉。选取40头新生当雄县牦犊牛,随机分为4组(n=10):对照组犊牛随母牦牛哺乳(CON),试验组犊牛分别饲喂蛋白水平为21.95%低蛋白组(LP)、24.28%中蛋白组(MP)和26.11%高蛋白组(HP)3种牦牛代乳品。饲喂时间为犊牛30～90d日龄,期间跟踪测定犊牛体重,并分别在30、60和90d日龄采集血清进行分析。结果表明:饲喂3种代乳粉的犊牛体重均显著高于对照组(P0.001),120d日龄时HP组犊牛体重达到最高值;3种代乳粉对犊牛血清抗氧化指标和免疫指标产生一定的影响,其中HP组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性有高于LP组的趋势(0.05P0.1),且HP组丙二醛含量及肿瘤坏死因子a较其他3组低,而免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgM)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性均较其他3组高。综合分析显示在西藏地区蛋白水平为26%的牦牛代乳粉饲喂哺乳期牦犊牛的效果较好。     

影响哺乳期羔羊生长的母羊因素分析

为探索母羊因素对哺乳期云上黑山羊羔羊生长发育的影响,根据母羊体重、胎次分别选取云上黑山羊初生羔羊90只和120只,公、母各半,从出生开始直至90日龄断奶,每10天进行1次体重测定,进行生长发育分析。结果表明:(1)母羊产后体重对羔羊初生重、哺乳期体重具有显著影响(P<0.05)。母羔中,38~45 kg母羊组和48~62 kg母羊组的羔羊初生重、平均日增重均显著高于28~35 kg母羊组(P<0.05)。公羔中,38~45 kg母羊组的羔羊初生重显著高于其他两组羔羊(P<0.05),48~62 kg母羊组其羔羊平均日增重显著高于其他两组羔羊(P<0.05)。(2)母羊胎次对母羔初生重没有显著影响,但对母羔哺乳期体重均有显著影响(P<0.05),母羔中,3胎、4胎母羊组的羔羊平均日增重均显著高于1胎和2胎母羊组;母羊胎次对公羔的影响不显著。说明母羊产后体重显著影响羔羊胎儿期和哺乳期的生长发育,合适的母羊体重可以为羔羊提供充足的营养;母羊胎次仅对哺乳期母羔具有显著影响,母羊的母性行为随胎次的增加而完善。     

Effect of allele combinations at Ppd-1 loci on durum wheat grain filling at contrasting latitudes

Flowering time is the most critical developmental stage in wheat, as it determines environmental conditions during grain filling. Thirty-five spring durum genotypes carrying all known allele variants at Ppd-1 loci were evaluated in fully irrigated field experiments for three years at latitudes of 41°N (Spain), 27°N (northern Mexico) and 19°N (southern Mexico). Relationships between weight of central grains of main spikes (W) and thermal time from flowering to maturity were described by a logistic equation. Differences in flowering time between the allele combination causing the earliest (GS100/Ppd-B1a) and the latest (Ppd-A1b/Ppd-B1a) flowering were 7, 20 and 18 days in Spain, northern Mexico and southern Mexico, respectively. Flowering delay drastically reduced the mean grain filling rate (R) and W at all sites. At autumn-sowing sites, an increase of 1°C in mean temperature during the first half of the grain filling period decreased W by 5.2 mg per grain. At these sites, W was strongly dependent on R. At the spring-sowing site (southern Mexico), W depended on both R and grain filling duration. Our results suggest that incorporating the allele combinations GS100/Ppd-B1a and GS105/Ppd-B1a (alleles conferring photoperiod insensitivity) in newly released varieties can reduce the negative effects of climate change on grain filling at the studied latitudes.     

夹竹桃花挥发油的GC-MS分析及β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花的增香和豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用

目的:建立夹竹桃花挥发油GC-MS的色谱分离鉴定方法,分析夹竹桃花挥发油的化学成分和对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌的作用。方法:采用挥发油提取器提取夹竹桃花挥发油,以GC-MS法进行分析鉴定,建立了豚鼠离体子宫模型。结果:分别从无酶和有酶的夹竹桃花挥发油提取物中确证了58和57个化合物,挥发油对豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌有收缩作用。结论:对夹竹桃的挥发油化学成分进行了比较分析结果表明,β-葡萄糖苷酶对夹竹桃花有较弱增香作用,也能增加豚鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩。     

Real-time RT-qPCR assay to detect sequences in the Piscine orthoreovirus-1 genome segment S1 associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon

During the last decade, Piscine orthoreovirus was identified as the main causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic Salmon, Norway. A recent study showed that PRV-1 sequences from salmonid collected in North Atlantic Pacific Coast (NAPC) grouped separately from the Norwegian sequences found in Atlantic Salmon diagnosed with HSMI. Currently, the routine assay used to screen for PRV-1 in NAPC water and worldwide cannot differentiate between the two groups of PRV-1. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay to target the PRV-1 genome segments specific for variants associated with HSMI. The assay was optimized and tested against 71 tissue samples collected from different regions including Norway, Chile and both coast of Canada and different hosts farmed Atlantic Salmon, wild Coho Salmon and escaped Atlantic Salmon collected in British Columbia, West Coast of Canada. This assay has the potential to be used for screening salmonids and non-salmonids that may carry PRV-1 potentially causing HSMI.