鸡Ii结合Rab5a和Rab7b分子的分析

本研究旨在探明鸡恒定链（invariant chain，Ii）与内吞体转运蛋白Rab5a和Rab7b结合的结构域和在细胞内共定位的特征。首先，用PCR和基因突变技术将Ii胞浆区与跨膜区[Ii_{（Cyt-Tra）}]、Ii CLIP （class Ⅱ-associated invariant chain peptide）-三聚体区[Ii_{（CLIP-TRIM）}]和Ii突变体[Ii_{（M81-87aa）}、Ii_{（M91-99aa）}和Ii_{（M81-99aa）}]分别插入pET-32a和pEGFP-C1构建相应的原核和真核重组质粒。其次，将构建的含有绿色荧光蛋白的重组质粒与实验室保存的含有红色荧光Rab5a和Rab7b的重组质粒共转染至人胚胎肾细胞系293 T，观察它们的共定位。将构建的原核重组质粒进行表达和纯化，最后用拉下法和免疫印迹检测Ii与Rab5a和Rab7b的结合域。结果表明，成功构建Ii结构域及Ii突变体的重组质粒。Ii_{（Cyt-Tra）}及Ii突变体均能与Rab5a和Rab7b在细胞内共定位，而Ii_{（CLIP-TRIM）}与空载体却不能。Ii的胞浆区和跨膜区是与Rab5a和Rab7b结合的功能结构域，而不是CLIP与三聚体区。综上所述，鸡Ii与Rab5a和Rab7b共定位和结合的区域是其胞浆区和跨膜区，而不是内质网腔区。这些结果提示Rab分子参与了Ii在胞内细胞器的转运机制，为进一步研究Ii及其载体在细胞内的转运机制和功能提供了新的途径。     

绵羊WNT5A基因克隆及其组织表达分析

WNT5A(Wnt family member 5A)参与了多种细胞的增殖、凋亡和分化等生物学过程,在乳腺形态发生、毛囊发育等方面发挥了重要作用。该试验利用RT-PCR获得绵羊WNT5A基因的CDS区,分析WNT5A蛋白的结构特征并利用RT-qPCR检测WNT5A基因在9个组织中的表达情况。绵羊WNT5A基因的CDS区全长1062 bp,编码353个氨基酸。该蛋白的二级结构主要以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,β转角、延伸链贯穿于整个蛋白质结构中。String分析结果表明,WNT5A与卷曲蛋白受体、低密度脂蛋白相关蛋白和受体酪氨酸激酶有相互作用。RT-qPCR研究结果表明,WNT5A基因表达具有组织特异性及品种特异性。WNT5A基因在绵羊心脏、肝脏、肺脏、脾脏、肾脏、卵巢、背最长肌、乳腺和皮肤9个组织中均广泛表达,其中在皮肤中的表达量高于其他组织(P<0.05),而在脾脏中表达量较低。它在甘肃高山细毛羊皮肤、乳腺、背最长肌、肾脏、肺脏、脾脏和肝脏中的表达量高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05),而在甘肃高山细毛羊卵巢中的表达量低于小尾寒羊(P<0.05),在心脏中该基因的表达量无差异(P>0.05)。该结果为深入研究绵羊WNT5A基因的功能提供了重要依据,同时也丰富了绵羊基因组内容。     

Potassium accumulation,partitioning, and remobilization in high-yield spring maize in Northeast China

Potassium (K) plays an important role in maize yield, but K accumulation characteristics in high yielding maize is still not well documented. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the K accumulation characteristics of high yield (HY)（>15 t ha^?1）spring maize compared with medium yield (MY)（10–15 t ha^?1), and low yield (LY)（<10 t ha^?1). The maximum K accumulation stage in maize appeared between V6 and V12 stage (LY, MY, and HY was 125.46, 138.05, and 146.22?kg ha^?1, respectively). Most of the K (94.27–97.13%) was accumulated during vegetative stages. HY exhibited a significantly higher K accumulation than either MY or LY. For different organs, the K remobilization amount of leaf was the highest, and the remobilization amount of stalk was the lowest, the K remobilization amount of leaf and stalk showed as HY?<?MY?<?LY, same as the total K remobilization amount, but the K remobilization amount of sheath and husk plus cob showed the opposite order. These results indicated that sufficient nutrient supply for maize can not only accumulate more K but also delay leaf senescence and maintain high photosynthetic activity, resulting in reduced K remobilization from vegetative organs, and reduced K loss in whole plant.     

氮磷钾用量对小麦冠层不同层次光截获和干物质分配的影响

为明确不同氮、磷、钾用量对小麦冠层不同层次光截获和干物质分配的影响，以济麦22为供试材料，设置F0（不施肥）、F1（N 180 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 75 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 60 kg·hm^-2）、F2（N 225 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 120 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 105 kg·hm^-2）和F3（N 270 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 165 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 105 kg·hm^-2）4个施肥量处理，比较分析开花后不同氮、磷、钾用量对小麦叶面积指数、冠层不同层次光截获特性和成熟期干物质分配的影响。结果表明，F1处理下叶面积指数显著高于F0处理，而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异；开花后15 d，F1处理下小麦冠层不同层次及总PAR截获率和截获量均显著高于F0处理，而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异。F1处理下成熟期干物质在小麦冠层不同层次营养器官中的分配量、籽粒中的分配量及总干物质积累量显著高于F0处理，而与F2和F3处理间无显著差异。成熟期干物质在小麦冠层不同层次营养器官和籽粒中的分配量以及总干物质积累量与冠层上层（顶部至株高2/3）、中层（株高2/3至株高1/3）和总PAR截获率均呈显著正相关。F1处理（N 180 kg·hm^-2，P₂O₅ 75 kg·hm^-2，K₂O 60 kg·hm^-2）为本试验条件下的最优处理。     

分子标记辅助选择改良水稻恢复系香5的病虫抗性

香5是由湖北省农科院选育的优质两系杂交稻恢复系,所配组合广两优5号(广占63-4S/香5)于2013年通过了湖北省审定.利用回交和分子标记辅助选择技术,将供体亲本MD12086-1351中的抗稻瘟病基因Pi9、抗褐飞虱基因Bph14、Bph15和抗白叶枯病基因Xa23渗入到香5背景中,育成了3个同时携带Pi9、Bph14、Bph15和Xa23基因的新株系.鉴定结果表明,新株系的叶瘟抗性明显提高,穗颈瘟抗性部分提高,苗期抗褐飞虱,分蘖盛期高抗白叶枯病;产量、主要农艺性状、香味和稻米品质主要指标与香5相似.新株系所配的组合在产量、主要农艺性状上与香5所配的组合相似.表明新株系可以作为香5的替代系用于培育抗稻瘟病、抗褐飞虱和抗白叶枯病的两系杂交稻新组合.     

Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine produced from Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 strains against challenge with different H5 and H7 viruses in chickens

We developed an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine by using Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 vaccine seed viruses, which were generated by reverse genetics and derived their HA genes from A/duck/Guizhou/S4184/2017(H5 N6)(DK/GZ/S4184/17)(a clade 2.3.4.4 d virus), A/chicken/Liaoning/SD007/2017(H5 N1)(CK/LN/SD007/17)(a clade 2.3.2.1 d virus), and A/chicken/Guangxi/SD098/2017(H7 N9)(CK/GX/SD098/17), respectively. The protective efficacy of this novel vaccine and that of the recently used H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine against different H5 and H7 N9 viruses was evaluated in chickens. We found that the H5/H7 bivalent vaccine provided solid protection against the H7 N9 virus CK/GX/SD098/17, but only 50–60% protection against different H5 viruses. In contrast, the novel H5/H7 trivalent vaccine provided complete protection against the H5 and H7 viruses tested. Our study underscores the importance of timely updating of vaccines for avian influenza control.     

国审‘陇育5号’小麦丰产广适特性分析与推广应用策略

分析国审 ‘陇育5号’小麦丰产性、抗逆性、广适机理及推广策略,以期为北部旱地小麦高效育种和品种推广提供借鉴。利用多年多点国家北部旱地、甘肃省陇东片区域试验及高产示范资料,对冬小麦新品种‘陇育5号’的性状进行比较分析。‘陇育5号’多点区域试验、生产试验产量平均为4922.54 kg/hm²,比对照品种平均增产13.28%,增产点（次）率89.97%。有效穗数597.0万/hm²,收获指数39.6%,旱地产量潜力达6399.0 kg/hm²。成穗多与收获指数较高是实现‘陇育5号’高产潜力的基础,抗寒抗旱抗病、耐生育后期高温、粒重变异小是其广适性和大面积推广的重要保障。‘陇育5号’丰产性强,抗寒抗旱、综合抗逆性好,品质优良,适应范围广。在推广应用中,应采取项目推广方式,订单式原种生产,合同式良种繁育,“科研单位+地方政府+种业企业+示范农户”四位一体的推广模式。