酶联免疫吸附法测定畜禽组织中恩诺沙星的残留量

利用抗原抗体反应的高度特异性和酶的高效催化作用相结合,测定畜禽组织中恩诺沙星的残留量。结果表明,该检测方法简便、快速、灵敏。     

Faecal shedding detected earlier than immune responses in goats naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a goat herd that participated in a sanitation program against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The aim of this study was to characterise the development of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and antibody responses as well as the occurrence of faecal shedding. Faecal culture appeared surprisingly sensitive as about 18% and 40% of the goats were positive at 9 and 15-17 months of age, respectively, and shedding was often seen prior to peripheral immune responses. Peripheral IFN-γ responses were not related to protection as clinical and high shedding goats often had high responses. An IFN-γ response usually preceded a humoral response. However, positive antibody titers could sometimes be seen simultaneously with, and even prior to, IFN-γ responses. In conclusion, faecal culture appeared as sensitive as IFN-γ testing. Furthermore, the antibody ELISA and the IFN-γ assay may perform equally well in an infected herd if surveillance is conducted annually.     

Comparative evaluation of PRRS virus infection in vaccinated and naïve pigs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time-course of the immune response to a field Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain in PRRS-naïve, untreated pigs, as well as in four groups of age and breed-matched pigs injected with a live attenuated PRRS vaccine, its adjuvant, an inactivated PRRS vaccine and an irrelevant, inactivated Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine, respectively. PRRSV infection was confirmed in all groups by PCR and antibody assays. The antibody response measured by ELISA took place earlier in pigs injected with the live attenuated vaccine, which also developed a much stronger serum-neutralizing antibody response to the vaccine strain. Yet, no clear protection was evidenced in terms of viremia against the field virus strain, which showed 11.1% nucleotide divergence in ORF7 from the vaccine strain. In vitro, the interferon (IFN)-γ response to PRRSV was almost absent on PVD 60 in all groups under study, whereas the prevalence of interleukin (IL)-10 responses to PRRSV was fairly high in PCV2-vaccinated animals, only. Results indicate that distinct patterns of immune response to a field PRRSV strain can be recognized in PRRS-vaccinated and naïve pigs, which probably underlies fundamental differences in the development and differentiation of PRRSV-specific immune effector cells.     

猪瘟病毒结构蛋白抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立及评价

通过研究猪瘟(CSF)疫苗免疫猪抗结构蛋白E2、E0和C抗体的产生规律,为临床制定合理的CSF疫苗免疫程序提供参考。利用间接ELISA方法检测CSF疫苗免疫猪过程中,抗E2抗原血清抗体的产生特征;分别以重组猪瘟病毒(CSFV)结构蛋白E0和C为抗原,建立检测血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,评价其敏感性和特异性,并检测疫苗免疫过程中抗E0和C蛋白抗体的消长规律。结果显示:CSFV-E0和CSFV-C间接ELISA抗体检测方法的抗原最佳包被质量浓度分别为2.09和1.59μg/mL,待检血清样本最适稀释度分别为1∶60和1∶80,酶标二抗稀释度分别为1∶100和1∶350,2种ELISA方法与常见猪病原的阳性血清无交叉反应,具有良好的特异性。CSF疫苗免疫后第7天即可检测到抗E2、E0和C蛋白的抗体,其中抗E2和E0的抗体在免疫后第21天达到最高水平,E2抗体滴度先上升后下降,E0抗体在免疫后第21天开始下降并最终趋于稳定;C蛋白抗体在免疫后第7天出现,随后开始下降,在第28天转为阴性。结果表明,利用重组抗原建立的CSFV血清抗体ELISA检测方法,可以用于评价CSF疫苗免疫后血清中针对3种结构蛋白的抗体消长特点,从而为临床猪瘟疫苗免疫程序的制定提供参考。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)抗体水平检测与分析

为探讨PRRS免疫猪场和非免疫猪场抗体水平差异,采集福建各地区64个不同规模猪场血清样本1 742份,其中免疫猪场40个共1 059份血清,非免疫猪场24个共683份血清;采用美国IDEXX公司PRRS病毒抗体ELISA试剂盒进行检测,分析其抗体阳性率、CV值及S/P区间分布值.结果显示:免疫猪场抗体阳性883份,阳性...     

不同猪瘟疫苗对仔猪的免疫效果

选择24头断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组6头,其中1组猪瘟细胞苗(A苗)按5和10 mL的剂量进行注射,其他3组猪瘟脾淋苗(依次为B、C、D苗)均按1和2 mL的剂量进行注射。在免疫15 d后,分别采血、分离血清、按照猪瘟正向间接血凝试剂盒使用说明方法检测猪瘟抗体水平。检测结果显示,A苗、B苗、C苗、D苗检出的平均抗体水平与未注射之前的平均抗体水平之比分别为1∶51、1∶91、1∶114、1∶161。统计分析表明,猪瘟脾淋苗免疫效果最好,而猪瘟细胞苗和脾淋苗两者抗体水平差异不显著,但总体上使用4种疫苗免疫15 d后都能使仔猪获得良好的保护力。     

乳酸菌微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响

本实验利用乳酸菌微生态制剂饲喂AA肉鸡,通过检测鸡增重、料重比、免疫器官指数、抗体效价以及盲肠内容物的乳酸菌和大肠杆菌数量,探索乳酸菌微生态制剂对肉鸡生产性能及免疫功能的影响。首先将150只肉鸡随机分成3组,第1组在饮水中添加0.3%的乳酸菌微生态制剂,第2组添加抗生素饮水,第3组为空白对照组,7日龄时接种新城疫疫苗;于每周末称取各组鸡的体重、耗料,计算增重和耗料量;在21日龄和35日龄时,采取各组鸡的脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺、分别计算免疫器官指数;用HI和微量平板滴种法分别检测抗体效价和盲肠内容物乳酸菌、大肠杆菌数量。结果显示,添加0.3%乳酸菌微生态制剂组与对照组和抗生素组鸡比较,分别提高鸡体重15.55%和8.57%(差异显著P<0.05),料重比分别降低5.11%和4.57%;于21日龄和35日龄时检测发现,添加0.3%乳酸菌微生态制剂组与对照组鸡比较,脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺指数分别提高了44.26%1、3.51%、33.96%和67.14%、16.47%3、8.16%;抗体水平分别升高了1.8log2和2 log2,差异显著(P<0.05),与抗生素组比较,抗体效价分别提高了1.4log2和1.75log2,差异显著(P<0.05);另外,21日龄和35日龄时,与对照组比较,添加0.3%乳酸菌微生态制剂鸡盲肠内容物中乳酸菌数量分别增加1.28log2和0.27log2,差异显著(P<0.05),同时分别使大肠杆菌数量减少1.88log2和0.84log2,差异显著(P<0.05)。本研究为合理开发利用乳酸菌微生态制剂提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

北京地区规模化奶牛场牛病毒性腹泻病血清学调查

对北京郊区6个未进行牛病毒性腹泻病（BVD）免疫牛场的546份奶牛血清样品,使用牛病毒性腹泻抗体ELISA试剂盒进行检测,并对其中3个牛群进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）血清抗原筛查。共检出阳性血清514份,总阳性率94.1%,其中5个牛场的场内血清抗体阳性率在95%以上。牛病毒性腹泻持续性感染牛（PI牛）筛查的3个牛群均有阳性牛检出。结果表明,北京地区规模化奶牛场存在牛病毒性腹泻感染和接触史,应采取净化措施进行控制。     

杨凌及其周边地区猪群中猪瘟抗体水平监测

对杨凌及其周边地区猪群中猪瘟免疫情况进行了调查,并采取54份血样,利用间接ELISA检测猪瘟抗体水平.调查发现,绝大部分养殖户对猪瘟都有较为严格的防疫措施,但也有部分养殖户不够重视,没有进行疫苗免疫接种.血清检测结果表明,免疫猪的猪瘟抗体阳性率为40%;未免疫猪阳性率为30%;屠宰用猪阳性率为47.06%;所有检样总阳性率为37.03%.说明杨凌及其周边地区猪群中猪瘟抗体水平偏低,应及时进行免疫接种及加强抗体监测.     

氯霉素荧光纳米颗粒免疫层析法的建立

本研究将荧光纳米颗粒与氯霉素单克隆抗体共价偶联在一起,用该颗粒代替常用的金标颗粒标记氯霉素单克隆抗体,以竞争法作为反应模式来制备免疫层析试纸条。在紫外灯下观察免疫层析试纸条上经免疫反应而产生的质控线和检测线上的荧光信号,利用荧光强度来半定量检测动物源性食品中的氯霉素残留。所制备的检测氯霉素的免疫层析试纸条只与氯霉素有交叉反应,与非目标检测物之间没有交叉反应。该试纸条的肉眼检测灵敏性为0.5ng/mL,满足相关检测标准要求。通过比较检测线和质控线之间的亮度,能够对氯霉素进行半定量检测。本研究建立的用于氯霉素残留检测的免疫层析法,具有简便、快速、灵敏度高的特点,有广阔的应用前景。