东部岛屿旅游地气候舒适度及变化趋势研究

基于地面气象观测资料和通用热气候指数,研究了中国东部沿海17个海岛旅游地1979~2018年40年平均的气候舒适度以及这40年间的变化趋势。结果显示:依据气候舒适期年内分布特征,17个海岛旅游地的年均舒适日数都为140~200d以内;依据气候舒适度的年内分布特征,海坛岛和崇武两岛为全年舒适型,葫芦岛、长山岛、秦皇岛、月岛、长岛、芝罘岛、刘公岛、秦山岛、嵊泗列岛9个岛屿旅游地为春、夏、秋舒适型,南澳岛、万山群岛、东升岛、湛江海岛、上川岛、涠洲岛6个岛屿旅游地为春、秋、冬舒适型。     

结果无价值视角下婚内强奸问题研究

婚内强奸是在婚姻关系存续期间,丈夫违背妻子意志,强行与妻子发生性关系的行为。婚内强奸是客观存在的,但是其是否构成强奸罪需要慎重思考。主张婚内强奸构成强奸罪的观点存在一系列问题。从结果无价值立场出发,可以得出婚内强奸不具备强奸罪的违法性,不构成强奸罪的结论。     

Mono- and bis-furanone derivatives from the endolichenic fungus Peziza sp.

Seven new mono- and bis-furanones, pezizolides A–G (1–7), have been isolated from the crude extract of the endolichenic fungus Peziza sp. inhabiting the lichen Xanthoparmelia sp. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated mainly by NMR and MS methods. The absolute configuration of 1–4 was assigned by the application of CD exciton chirality method, and 1 was further supported by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, whereas that of 5 was deduced by Snatzke's method following the relative configuration analysis of its acetonide. The cytotoxity and antimicrobial activity of compounds 1–7 were tested.     

刑事和解之扩大适用的问题探究

随着2012年刑事和解制度以一种特别程序在新刑诉法中的确立,无论是在理论界还是实务界都受到广泛的关注和欢迎。但是刑诉法只有三个条文对此作出规定,而且适用面较窄,难以迎合现实社会的需求。通过对国外相关制度以及国内现状的比较,结合相关理论,以一种实证立场进行分析,笔者认为可以进一步扩大适用刑事和解制度。     

白发藓和大灰藓提取液对作物种子的影响

测定3种浓度梯度的白发藓、大灰藓的配子体水提液对绿豆、萝卜、甜椒、油菜、玉米5种作物种子的发芽率、胚根长、胚根重、幼苗鲜重等指标的影响。结果显示:3种不同浓度的白发藓提取液对作物种子的胚根长、胚根鲜重和幼苗鲜重均呈抑制作用;而大灰藓提取液对作物种子的胚根长、胚根鲜重和幼苗鲜重在高浓度下呈抑制作用,在低浓度下呈促进作用。2种苔藓提取液对作物种子萌发指标的影响力大小依次为:胚根长>胚根鲜重>幼苗鲜重>发芽率,胚根长是较好的生物测定指标,发芽率则是不敏感的生物测定指标。绿豆、萝卜和油菜是测定2种苔藓提取液对种子萌发影响力较好的实验材料。     

上海郊区河流沉积物N、P释放的初步研究

A laboratory study was conducted to observe the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sedimentsunder both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The samples used were five creek sediments and a fish-pondsediment (as a comparison) obtained from suburban Shanghai. High loads of nitrogen and phosphoruswere found in the creek sediments. Total nitrogen of the sediments ranged from 1.17 to 5.95 g kg^-1; totalphosphorus from 608.63 to 2 033.95 mg kg^-1. Making up more than 90% of the total nitrogen, organicnitrogen was the dominant nitrogen fraction in the sediments; where as inorganic phosphorus was the dominant phosphorus fraction, which made up more than 85 percent of the total phosphorus. Cabound phosphorus fraction dominated inorganic phosphorus, which occupied more than 50% of the total. A large amount of ammonium was released from the sediments under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and the anaerobic releases were slightly greater than the aerobic. In addition, ammonium contents in the aerobic waters decreased sharply after reaching the peaks because of strong nitrification, compared with the relatively maintained ammonium peaks in the anaerobic waters. Anaerobic phosphate releases were much greater than the aerobic and the released ortho-phosphate was mainly from Fe-bound phosphorus. Ammonium and ortho-phosphate releases from the sample of the dredged creek were the lowest, showing that creek dredging could effectively remove contaminants from the surface of sediments and weaken the release potentials of nitrogen and phosphorus. Ammonium and ortho-phosphate releases from the fish-pond sediment were greater than those from the creek sediments though its total nitrogen and phosphorus were not the highest, which was probably due to the larger amount of biologically degraded organic matter in the fish-pond sediment.     

一个水稻金黄色颖壳与节间基因的定位

在粳稻品种浙粳88种子经60Co γ射线辐照的后代中,筛选得到1个金黄色颖壳与节间基因突变体,将该突变体命名为浙粳88GH,该突变体的颖壳和茎间与野生型浙粳88相比具较明显的金黄色。遗传分析表明,该突变体性状受1对隐性核基因控制,暂将该突变基因命名为gold hull 6(gh6)。以该突变体与籼稻珍汕97B杂交的F₂作为定位群体,采用SSR分子标记和隐性群体分析法,将gh6基因初步定位在第2号染色体短臂端的分子标记RM3732和RM6378之间,遗传距离分别为21.2cM和28cM。然后,进一步扩大F₂群体将gh6基因定位在分子标记Indel3和Indel4之间约90kb内。     

唐代南方畲田耕作技术的再考察

有两个因素导致了唐代南方山区居民的增加：逃户与北人南迁事件。唐前期,地主土地兼并的日益加剧及官府赋役的逐渐加重,均田制下的小农纷纷破产。尽管破产农民可以通过租佃土地或佣力谋生,但仍有相当一部分农民选择了逃亡,逃户问题遂成为唐代官府的一大难题。据冻国栋先生的研究,逃户的白热化是在高宗、武后以至玄宗时期,其基本流向是进入官府统治力量相对薄弱的山区,主要流往江南、山南、剑南乃至岭南一带,他们是唐代山区、丘陵地带及其它后进地区经济开发的一支重要力量。最典型的逃户例子莫过于武后时陈子昂所指出的剑南道东部的山林中,“今诸州逃走户有三万余,在蓬、渠、果、合、遂等州山林之中,不属州县”。在安史之乱发生后,北人纷纷南迁进入长江流域,导致南方本就紧张的土地供应更形剧烈,而南迁北人所能娴熟应用的谋生技术是旱地农耕技术,由此引发了新一轮寻找旱地的高潮。山区居民的增加,畲耕农业技术遂被规模性地在山区应用,唐人的诗文忠实地记下了这一历程。一、问题的再提出大泽正昭先生对唐宋时代的畲田农业进行了系统的研究,指出唐宋时期实行畲田的地域相当广大,主要集中于长江流域山区,“包括有唐代山南、江南两道的大部分以及剑南道的东部。这里明确的地名是以州县为代表的,实际上畲田实施区域仅是这些州县周边的山间地,并没有包括山地的全部范围。”对于从事畲耕作业的民族,“包括莫摇的蛮从事畲田是明确的,不过,包括汉族在内的其他民族是否从事畲田,现在还不能确认。”但南方山林中不可能有现成的熟地供逃户或南迁户耕种,只能是开垦新地,而原有土著民——蛮族人所使用的畲耕方式及平原居民已有的开荒技术提供了现成的山地开发范例。再结合自居易“结茅栽芋种畲田”等诗句来看,汉族逃户与乱时迁入山区的汉族民户从事畲耕应是可以确认的。前述逃户分布区与畲耕分布区恰相一致,当然不是一种偶合。     

从儒教祭祀乐章看古代诗歌的作用

自汉至清,历代封建王朝不仅继承了原始宗教教义,而且也继承了以诗事神的古老传统。他们信奉"感天地,动鬼神,莫近乎诗"的古训,坚持"放郑近雅",以《诗经》雅颂为典范,大力创制与使用儒教祭祀乐章,旨在借助诗歌"感鬼神而通教化"的作用,为国家统治服务。在儒者看来,诗歌的主要作用是祀奉神祗,教化民众。认为祭祀诗歌是中国古代最重要的诗歌,也是最有价值的文学作品。     

长江口浮游植物群落的聚类分析

根据2003年8月长江口深水航道水生态调查20个站点所采集的浮游植物样品，对长江口丰水期浮游植物种类组成及群落结构进行了聚类分析。调查区浮游植物种类共检出50种，主要分属3种生态类型。聚类分析将20个站点聚合为3类（类群Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ），类群Ⅰ主要位于长兴岛以西水域，为淡水性群落类型；类群Ⅱ和Ⅲ则位于长兴岛以东水域，分别为河口近岸低盐性群落类型和外海高盐性群落类型。上述3个类群中，以河口近岸低盐性群落类型种类最多。结合三个类群的环境指标来看，盐度、悬浮物浓度、浊度在三个类群中差异很大。