瞬时转速波动在轴向柱塞泵故障诊断中的应用

针对轴向柱塞泵配流盘磨损的故障诊断所使用的信号大多存在非平稳、非线性特性的缺点,提出利用轴向柱塞泵的瞬时转速波动信号进行故障诊断.利用瞬时转速波动信号良好的抗噪性能与经过阶比分析后可以转化为角度域内的平稳信号的特点,以克服传统监测信号的不足.通过动力学分析对轴向柱塞泵瞬时转速波动的成因进行了溯源.结果表明,对于具有Z个柱塞的轴向柱塞泵,活塞的惯性力和配流副处的库仑摩擦力会产生Z倍于转频的转矩波动,从而在轴向柱塞泵主轴上产生Z阶转速波动.柱塞高压腔的压力的变化会产生2Z倍于转频的转矩波动,从而在轴向柱塞泵主轴上产生2Z阶转速波动.在变负载条件下对理论分析结果进行了试验验证,结果表明对于9柱塞的轴向柱塞泵,其9阶瞬时转速波动分量幅值的变化可以很好地反映出配流盘磨损状况的变化.随着配流盘磨损程度增加,9阶瞬时转速波动的最大幅值从1.229增大至2.023 r/min;9阶瞬时转速波动分量幅值随着配流盘磨损加剧而增大.     

覆盖作物多样性对猕猴桃园土壤微生物群落功能的影响

以丹江口水源涵养区猕猴桃园为研究对象,运用Biolog微平板技术,研究不同种类覆盖作物处理(2、4、8种和清耕对照)下土壤微生物群落功能多样性的差异。结果表明,覆盖作物处理土壤微生物群落对碳源的利用程度、功能多样性指数和丰富度指数均高于清耕对照。覆盖作物及清耕对照处理土壤微生物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数与土壤含水量、有机碳、pH、微生物量碳氮呈显著正相关关系。主成分分析与碳代谢图谱分析表明,猕猴桃园增加覆盖作物种类提高了土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力,且对D-甘露醇、L-精氨酸、L-天门冬酰胺、L-苯丙氨酸、γ-羟丁酸、α-丁酮酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、吐温40的利用能力显著高于清耕对照。此外,4种覆盖作物处理对猕猴桃园土壤生态环境的影响优于2种和8种。研究表明,猕猴桃园增加覆盖作物多样性改变了土壤环境因子,影响了土壤微生物群落的代谢活性和功能多样性。     

Seasonal Changes in Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Black Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)

The study was designed to assess the seasonal variations in the quality and lipid profile of mussel meat (Mytilus galloprovincialis) harvested along the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea. The trial period lasted from June to October, and the sampling was carried out in the area of Varna Bay. Technological quality of the mussels was determined by measuring the water holding capacity (WHC) and cooking and roasting losses. Proximate composition, total aerobic plate count, and fatty acid analysis were carried out. Technological parameters and nutritional quality of the mussel meat were strongly affected by the season. During the summer, the mussels had higher mass, meat content, and meat yield (p < 0.001) compared to the early autumn, which corresponds to the lowest protein content during this season. Lipid profile showed seasonal variations in both individual and total fatty acid amounts (p < 0.001). Saturated fatty acids (SFA) had the highest content in summer, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased gradually until the autumn. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reached its peak in October, contributing to the most favorable values of the nutritional indices of lipids in the early autumn.     

双斜盘多排式轴向柱塞马达转矩特性分析

为了实现多级转速和转矩的输出,轴向柱塞马达必须使用节流阀、减压阀等耗能元件来改变输入压力和流量,但同时降低了效率。新型双斜盘多排式轴向柱塞马达可以利用其结构的特殊性,实现输出转矩的多样性。本文基于双斜盘多排式轴向柱塞马达的结构特点及工作原理,推导了该马达在不同工作方式下的理论瞬时转矩和转矩不均匀系数,并通过Matlab分析了内外马达转矩系数比对转矩不均匀系数的影响,设计了马达的实验液压系统并搭建了实验平台,对马达进行了原理性实验,并进行了数据分析。实验结果表明,在额定压力和额定排量下,该马达能实现多种不同的转速与转矩输出,随着内外马达转矩系数比的增大,低速大转矩的转矩不均匀系数越小,高速低转矩不稳定系数越大,通过合理设计可以实现马达在不同工作状态下的稳定运行,验证了新型马达在结构原理上的可行性,为新型轴向柱塞马达的改进设计提供了实验依据。     

Geochronology,geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotopes of Early Carboniferous magmatism in southern West Junggar,northwestern China: Implications for Junggar oceanic plate subduction

West Junggar is a key area for understanding intra-oceanic plate subduction and the final closure of the Junggar Ocean. Knowledge of the Carboniferous tectonic evolution of the Junggar Ocean region is required for understanding the tectonic framework and accretionary processes in West Junggar, Central Asian Orogenic Belt. A series of Early Carboniferous volcanic and intrusive rocks, namely, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, and diorite, occur in the Mayile area of southern West Junggar, northwestern China. Our new LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb geochronological data reveal that diorite intruded at 334 (±1) Ma, and that basaltic andesite was erupted at 334 (±4) Ma. These intrusive and volcanic rocks are calc-alkaline, display moderate MgO (1.62%-4.18%) contents and Mg# values (40-59), and low Cr (14.5×10^-6-47.2×10^-6) and Ni (7.5×10^-6-34.6×10^-6) contents, and are characterized by enrichment in light rare-earth elements and large-ion lithophile elements and depletion in heavy rare-earth elements and high-field-strength elements, meaning that they belong to typical subduction-zone island-arc magma. The samples show low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (range of 0.703649-0.705008), positive ε_Nd(t) values (range of 4.8-6.2 and mean of 5.4), and young T_DM Nd model ages ranging from 1016 to 616 Ma, indicating a magmatic origin from depleted mantle involving partial melting of 10%-25% garnet and spinel lherzolite. Combining our results with those of previous studies, we suggest that these rocks were formed as a result of northwestward subduction of the Junggar oceanic plate, which caused partial melting of sub-arc mantle. We conclude that intra-oceanic arc magmatism was extensive in West Junggar during the Early Carboniferous.     

多线圈薄板电磁加热的均匀性及可控性

以矩阵式多线圈结构电磁加热方式为研究对象,采用数值模拟仿真和对比研究的方法对薄板温度均匀性和可控性进行了分析,设计并优化多线圈电磁加热模型。首先,对加热薄板进行有限元分析与数值模拟,并在涡流损耗与模型尺寸相同条件下,对矩阵式线圈结构与蜂窝式线圈结构进行仿真结果比较;其次,分析电流强度以及线圈间距离对薄板温度均匀性影响;获得气隙尺寸与频率对温度的影响关系。结果表明:等温度区间,矩阵式多线圈结构在薄板温度均匀性以及可控性方面优于蜂窝结构;在电流密度一定条件下,薄板加热的径向温度梯度与电流呈正相关;适当调整相邻线圈的间距,薄板表面温度的均匀性得到改善;薄板表面温度,与气隙长度呈负相关,与频率呈正相关。     

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of canine pyoderma isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius for biofilm formation

Biofilm-forming ability is increasingly being recognized as an important virulence factor in several Staphylococcus species. This study evaluated the biofilm-forming ability of sixty canine derived clinical isolates of S. pseudintermedius, using three phenotypic methods, microtiter plate test (MtP), Congo red agar method (CRA) and tube adherence test, and the presence and impact of biofilm-associated genes (icaA and icaD). The results showed that icaA and icaD genes were detected concomitantly in 55 (91.7%) of 60 isolates. A majority (88.3%) of the strains screened had matching results by the tube adherence test, MtP and PCR analysis. Better agreement (95%) was found between the PCR-based analysis and the CRA. Results of the icaA and icaD gene PCRs showed good agreement with CRA results, with a kappa of 0.7. Comparing the phenotypic methods, the statistical analysis showed that the agreement among the phenotypical tests using categorical data was generally good. Considering two classes (biofilm producer and biofilm non-producer), the percentage of matching results between the CRA method and the tube adherence test and between the CRA method and the MtP was 93.3%. A concordance of 100% was revealed between the MtP and the tube adherence test. The results indicate a high prevalence of the ica genes within S. pseudintermedius isolates, and their presence is associated with in vitro formation of a biofilm. A combination of phenotypic and genotypic tests is recommended for investigating biofilm formation in S. pseudintermedius.     

国内苜蓿草供需现状及中美贸易摩擦带来的影响与对策

苜蓿草是国家的重要战略资源,是奶牛养殖过程中优质的蛋白质来源。我国牧草产业起步较晚,种植面积虽然居于世界第二位,但由于生产技术落后,优质商品草供给不足。从国内苜蓿商品草供给、市场需求和贸易3个方面阐述了国内苜蓿草产业的市场供需现状及存在的问题,测算了优质苜蓿草的需求量和产需缺口,分析了中美贸易摩擦对国内苜蓿和奶业市场的影响,并提出相关的政策建议。     

对转子发动机气缸径向密封片的改进

通过对传统往复活塞式发动机和转子发动机气缸密封结构的分析，针对现存的问题提出对转子发动机气缸径向密封的改进。在原径向密封片的基础上，在其前段与缸体接触的密封面开出圆柱形通孔，在通孔中装入滚针，将径向密封片装入滚针后，把原来的滑动摩擦改变为滚动摩擦，从而改善径向密封片的摩擦特性，增强密封性能。