Identification of sex in Carica papaya L. using RAPD markers

Brazil is currently the worlds largest producer of papaya (Carica papayaL.), producing fruits for both the domestic market and export. Only fruits from hermaphrodite plants are marketed because they have the necessary commercial characteristics, i.e. they are pear-shaped and have thicker flesh and a smaller internal cavity. Increased papaya yield has been limited mainly by the ratio of female to hermaphrodite (1: 2) plants normally occurring in orchards. This ratio causes great losses to papaya producers and the identification of the sex of seedlings during the nursery stage would be an important advance. In our study random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to differentiate between the sexual forms of three commercial C. papaya cultivars belonging to the Solo group. RAPD assays using the BC210 primer were able to detect hermaphrodites in all of the cultivars tested. The BC210₄₃₈molecular marker was much better at papaya sex differentiation than other markers described in the literature. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

芦笋花的形态研究

本文描述了芦笋两个品种花的形态，用体视显微镜观察了芦笋品种玛丽华盛顿的雄花、雌花、两性花和芦笋品种ＵＣ７２雄花、雌花、变异雌花。我们比较了这些花的主要特征，发现一些显著的差异，可能两性花是雄花与雌花的中间类型，单子叶植物与双子叶植物的区别不是绝对的。     

银杏雌雄同株调查

一般学者均认为银杏是雌雄异株植物,虽然也有些文献记载“稀为同株”、但缺乏有力的语气年代有人曾对被认为是雌雄同株的银杏进行过调查和报道,但对是否自然形成的真正雌雄同株难于定论,１９９５年,作者在山东滕州市采集花粉时发现,在１株２０ａ生银杏的大枝上,雌雄花同步。     

Possible application of mibolerone for induced sex inversion of grouper Epinephelus coioides

SUMMARY: Thirty immature juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides (19–168 g bodyweight, BW) were randomly stocked in four units 6 t tanks to determine if mibolerone can be used to induce sex inversion in groupers. After acclimatization and weaning to artificial feed, the feed given daily (4% BW/day) was supplemented with 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg mibolerone/kg feed for about 18 weeks. Thereafter, the hormone treatment was withdrawn and the experiment was terminated at Week 24. Ten fish were killed for gonad histology at stocking to serve as an initial control while about three to five fish were killed every 8 weeks. In general, ovaries of initial controls showed the presence of moderate stromal cells and gonia and few primary oocytes. At Weeks 8 and 16, ovaries of the control fish (0 μg/kg) were similar to that of the initial control except that primary oocytes increased at Week 24. Gonads of fish fed diets containing 100 and 200 μg/kg had none to moderate spermatocytes and few spermatids at Week 8 and 16, although spermatozoa were not observed, indicating that the fish were undergoing spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis at 50 μg/kg was not as advanced since only few spermatocytes occurred at Weeks 8 followed by moderate gonia and no spermatocytes and spermatids at Week 16. However, the presence of few primary oocytes was observed when mibolerone was withdrawn suggesting that sex-inversed fish reverted back to a female condition. These results show that sex inversion in juvenile grouper can be induced by oral administration of mibolerone and may have possible application on mature females to produce functional males.     

一例真间性猪的研究

【目的】为探讨间性猪的生殖遗传发育基础和优化猪的种质资源,对一例间性猪进行了外部形态、细胞遗传、性激素、解剖以及组织病理学的研究。【方法】5月龄间性大白猪为试验组,以与试验组同窝的正常公母猪为对照组,分别进行内外生殖器官检察;PCR检测SRY基因;染色体组型和带型分析,取外周血进行常规短期淋巴细胞培养,获取中期细胞分裂相,制成染色体标本,G显带和C显带处理;放射免疫法测定静脉血睾酮(testosterone, T)、雌二醇(estradiol, E2)、促黄体素(luteinizing hormone, LH)、促卵泡素(follicle- stimulating hormone, FSH)、孕酮(progesterone, PRG)和催乳素(prolactin, PRL)含量;生殖腺病理切片制做及观察,取2 cm×2 cm大小生殖腺组织,10%甲醛固定后进行常规石蜡切片制作,苏木(Hematoxylin)与伊红(Eosin)染色(H.E.染色),镜检并显微照相;下丘脑和垂体电镜切片制做及观察,取2 mm×2 mm大小脑部组织,2.5%戊二醛固定后进行常规电镜切片制作,透射电镜观察并拍摄。【结果】结果表明,间性猪外生殖器为雌性表型,外阴位于肛门下方,阴蒂肿大突出于阴门之外,左侧可见睾丸,右侧隐睾,阴囊发育良好。间性猪和正常母猪染色体组型为38, XX,SRY阴性,核型组成为10sm+4st+12m+12t,G带带型没有差异,C带的显带基本相似,1、3、4、6、8、9、10、13、14和16号染色体均不同程度显带,以圆形带为主。试验组和对照组各号染色体的相对长度及臂比值差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。睾酮和雌二醇水平均介于正常公、母猪之间,促黄体素、促卵泡素、孕酮和催乳素水平均高于正常母猪,LH/FSH比值明显低于正常母猪。剖检发现间性猪有雌雄两性生殖腺,有两个卵睾体,左侧有附睾,子宫体、子宫角和阴道明显退化,阴蒂中隐藏有假阴茎。病理组织镜检发现卵睾体为睾丸和卵巢混合组织,柱状上皮细胞退化,有正常莱氏细胞,无精原细胞或其残留物存在;附睾假复层纤毛柱状上皮细胞正常,内腔无精细胞或其残留物;子宫内膜有较低程度退化,部分内膜腺正常。试验组下丘脑和垂体分泌细胞较对照组发达,促性腺激素释放激素（gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH）神经元核大且饱满,细胞器增多并融合;垂体以促性腺激素细胞为主,细胞数量明显增多,分泌颗粒大小不均;催乳素细胞数量较正常母猪多,分泌颗粒电子密度也较大。【结论】该间性猪为真间性,无染色体易位现象,性激素紊乱,无种用价值。     

雌雄同体鱼类性别分化及性转变研究进展

在脊椎动物中,鱼类具有多样的性别分化方式,大致可分为雌雄异体、雌雄同体以及单性生殖3类.一般情况下,鱼类性别决定后,性腺可分化为卵巢或精巢,并且在整个生命周期内保持不变.而在雌雄同体鱼类,其性别可以从雌性转变为雄性、雄性转变为雌性或者在雌雄两种性别间进行多次转变.雌雄同体鱼类具有多种性别转变形式,是研究脊椎动物性别决定...     

17α-甲基睾酮对赤点石斑鱼性逆转的影响

赤点石斑鱼Epinephelus akaara(Temminck et Schlegel)是我国名贵海产经济鱼类。近几年来,因盲目钩捕,在东南沿海资源日益减少。因此,国内外一些学者对赤点石斑鱼性腺发育进行周年研究,并开展了人工繁殖和育苗试验。然而,由于此鱼雌雄同体,雌性先熟,在六龄鱼才转变为雄鱼。由此常见因缺少雄鱼无法开展人工繁殖。所以,作者在非繁殖季节,试图用外源性雄激素拌入饵料中,喂低龄和高龄赤点石斑鱼,目的在于诱发其性逆转,现已取得显著的效果,这对于解决雄鱼困难,提供科学依据。     

玻璃海鞘胚胎发育的研究

在显微镜下,对自然排放的的玻璃海鞘C iona intestinalis卵细胞和受精卵以及胚胎发育的整个过程进行了观察,结果表明:玻璃海鞘卵具有特殊的被囊细胞,未受精前的卵径为110μm左右,受精后为160~170μm;在20℃水温下,卵细胞从受精到蝌蚪幼虫孵出需16~18 h,幼虫的浮游时间约2 h,从附着到尾开始收缩约3 h,从尾开始收缩至变态约4 h,从开始变态到变态完全约7~9 d。