基于主成分分析的强筋小麦加工品质综合评价

为有效评价不同强筋小麦品种加工品质的差异,以65个强筋小麦品种（系）为研究对象,对其籽粒、面粉及面团品质特性进行分析,在主成分分析基础上,利用综合得分对供试材料进行品质评价,并利用聚类分析法对其分类。结果表明,在20个品质评价指标中,容重的变异系数最小（1.36%）,面团形成时间的变异系数最大（62.90%）。千粒重与稳定时间、拉伸面积等参数呈极显著负相关;湿面筋含量与籽粒蛋白含量、沉降值呈极显著正相关,与面筋指数呈极显著负相关;面筋指数与面团参数（弱化度除外）呈极显著正相关。通过主成分分析将20个性状综合成5个主成分因子,累计贡献率达到82.437%;其中,第1、2主成分的贡献率较高 （33.083%、25.111%）,分别代表了面团及蛋白质因子。综合评价得分高的品种（系）有6个,为师栾02-1、新麦26、藁优5766、科兴3302、鲁研1403、陕农33,可作为品质改良的亲本材料加以利用。65个材料可分为5个类群,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群的籽粒品质较好;第Ⅲ类群的面团品质最佳;第Ⅳ类群的籽粒、面粉及面团的综合性状较好;第Ⅴ类群的籽粒蛋白与面筋含量最高。     

基于FCM聚类法对行驶工况的构建

主要研究FCM聚类法在车辆行驶工况中的应用。通过对合肥市典型道路的试验,获取大量的实验数据,划分为多个运动学片段,并运用多元统计理论方法及Matlab对数据进行分析和处理,引入11个表征汽车行驶特性的特征参数进行研究。运用主成分分析这种数理统计理论,同时通过FCM聚类方法,对合肥市道路行驶工况进行分析与仿真,拟合出能够代表合肥市的代表性工况。通过对实验数据的分析表明,拟合的行驶工况有利地反映了合肥的汽车保有量、城市结构、交通流分布、驾驶行为习惯及道路特征等的情况。     

Comparison of Antioxidant Activity and Antioxidant Components in Lettuce,Onion and Tomato Obtained with Different Levels and Forms of Nitrogen Fertilization

The effect of N levels and sources on the antioxidant components in vegetable is not completely understood. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the changes in antioxidant capacity diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） and ferric reducing antioxidant power （FRAP）, total phenolics, ascorbic acid, total carotene and lycopene contents in edible portions of lettuce, onion and tomato due to different nitrogen levels and sources. The experiment included three N levels （20, 40 and 60 kg/ha for lettuce trial and 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha for either onion or tomato） and four nitrogen sources （calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and urea）. The antioxidant capacity and phenolic contents in lettuce was enhanced under low nitrogen level, while the antioxidant capacities, phenolics, carotenoids and lycopene in tomato fruits were not significantly affected by the nitrogen dose applied. Application of calcium nitrate caused 50% increase in DPPH and 20% in FRAP of lettuce compared to other nitrogen forms. Tomato treated with calcium nitrate or ammonium sulphate had higher phenolic and ascorbic acid contents than treated plants with ammonium nitrate or urea. Antioxidant tested parameters of onion were not significantly affected by the nitrogen treatments. Nitrogen concentration in tomato fruits significantly correlated with FRAP antioxidant capacity, phenolics, ascorbic acid, carotene and lycopene contents.     

Characterizing Constituents of Sediment Phosphorus Fractionation in a Freshwater Shallow Lake System

[Objective] This study aimed to characterize constituents of phosphorus(P)fractionation as well as reciprocities among factors in sediments of a freshwater shallow lake. [Method] Surface sediment was discretely sampled at 24 sites through Van Veen grabs. Based on a modified sequential extraction scheme, P fractionation was determined as Fe/Al bound P(Fe/Al-P), Ca bound P(Ca-P), solute and reductive P(S/R-P) and organic P(OP). Curve estimation and Pearson product-moment correlation were employed for statistical analysis. [Result] Total P(TP) content ranged from 443 to 774 mg/kg. Inorganic P(IP) was the major component of TP,of which Ca-P was dominated with an average of 51%±9.7%. Average contents of P fractionation were in the following order: Ca-P(51%) OP(29%) S/R-P(8%) Fe/Al-P(7%). The molar ratio of Fe to P was 11- 20, close to the threshold value of P leaching. [Conclusion] In freshwater shallow lakes, IP and Ca-P were prone to be relatively high, whereas Fe/Al-P was low compared with deep lakes. Occurrence of spatially monotonic gradient indicated the primary causation of anthropogenic sources. Imminent sediment P liberation was also expected. Close associations among TP, Fe/Al-P and Ca-P, implying that anthropogenic P was mainly bound to metals in particulates. Significant correlations of TOC and P fractionation highlighted endogenous mechanism and authigenic origin in sediments.     

萧氏集团召开茶叶提取物设备方案专家讨论会

2014年2月22日,萧氏集团召开茶叶提取物设备方案专家讨论会。国家植物功能成分利用工程技术研究中心、湖南农业大学教授肖文军、尹振华应邀出席。会议由萧氏集团技术中心主任谭传柏主持。萧氏集团董事长肖勇、总经理刘汉武、副总经理肖德虎、肖德雄等出席会议。     

产挥发性物质芽胞杆菌对枇杷炭疽病菌的抑制作用及其鉴定

采用二分隔特殊平板研究芽胞杆菌挥发性物质对枇杷炭疽病菌Colletotrichum acutatum的抑制作用。研究结果表明,筛选得到的8株芽胞杆菌菌株中,抑菌效果最好的菌株为FJA T-4748,抑菌率达90.06％;其次为FJAT-10011,抑菌率达54.99％。经16S rDNA序列鉴定结合菌落形态观察,确认这8株芽胞杆菌分别为解木糖赖氨酸芽胞杆菌 Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus、波茨坦短芽胞杆菌 Brevibacillus borstelensis、短短芽胞杆菌Brevibacillus brevis、土壤短芽胞杆菌 Brevibacillus agri、阿氏芽胞杆菌 Bacillus aryabhattai、美丽短芽胞杆菌Brevibacillus formosus及简单芽胞杆菌Bacillus simplex。本研究筛选的产挥发性物质芽胞杆菌菌株可为枇杷采后炭疽病的生物防治提供菌株参考。     

关于从山楂中萃取三萜类化合物方法研究

山楂是山里红的果实,属于蔷薇科植物,山楂具有很多功效,为进一步开发、利用山楂,文章介绍了山楂中的三萜类化合物成分的提取,并加以分析。另外,利用硅胶柱层析分离纯化山楂提取物,综合一系列分析,确定了山楂中存在有酸类、酮类、醇类、醛类、嫰类、甾体类、黄酮类、三萜类物质,其中,在三萜类化合物中还检测到熊果酸和角鲨烯。     

神农香菊花、茎和叶香气成分的组成分析

【目的】对神农香菊花、叶、茎的香气成分进行测定及比对分析,为研究和利用神农香菊独特的芳香性状提供理论基础。【方法】采用静态顶空吸附结合直接热脱附法-气相色谱/质谱联用(DTD-GC/MS)技术,对神农香菊花、叶、茎中的挥发性成分进行分析,用保留指数辅助定性及峰面积归一法对香气成分的相对含量进行测定及比对分析。【结果】神农香菊花朵中检测出的挥发物种类最多,共72种,其中同时存在于花、叶、茎香气中的挥发物有55种。萜烯类化合物含量在花、茎、叶香气中均占到总挥发物成分的80%以上,其中侧柏酮含量最高(50%),其他含量大于1%的重要成分有樟脑、桉树脑、β-石竹烯和大根香叶烯等。神农香菊花朵释放的香气量最多,茎、叶次之。【结论】神农香菊香气主要由萜烯类化合物组成,其花、茎、叶香气组成相似,但各成分含量有所差异。     

主成分分析法在白洋淀污染评价上的应用

以白洋淀为研究对象,采用多元统计主成分分析方法对白洋淀8个监测断面的pH、总氮、总磷、溶解氧等10个水质指标进行分析计算.结果表明,导致白洋淀水质污染的主要原因是水体富营养化,其次为有机物污染.该研究为白洋淀水体污染治理提供了科学依据.     

眼子菜属药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对眼子菜属植物的成分、药理活性、应用价值等方面进行了概述,为深入研究和开发利用眼子菜属植物资源提供了科学资料.