维生素E对秦川牛冷冻精液的抗氧化保护作用

本试验旨在研究维生素E对秦川牛细管冷冻精液品质和精浆中抗氧化酶活性的影响.在稀释液中分别添加0.00、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.10 mg·mL~(-1)的维生素E,将细管冻精解冻(37.5℃,30 s)后用伟力精子分析系统分析精子活力和精子顶体完整率等标准参数,并用相关试剂盒测定精浆中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性.结果表明:当维生素E添加量为0.04mg·mL~(-1)时,精子活力与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),SOD、GSH、CAT 3种酶活性与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05).当维生素E的添加量为0.06 mg·mL~(-1)时,冷冻-解冻后精子活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05),顶体完整率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);GR和CAT酶活性与对照组相比均差异显著(P<0.05).当维生素E的添加量为0.08 mg·mL~(-1)时,精子活力、活率及顶体完整率与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),GSH与对照相组比差异极显著(P<0.01),GR及CAT与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05).在冷冻精液稀释液中添加维生素E可以有效提高冷冻-解冻后秦川牛精液品质及精浆中SOD、CAT、GSH、GR酶的活性,稀释液中维生素E的适宜添加量为0.04～0.08 mg·mL~(-1).     

大肠杆菌植酸酶appA2基因联合人MxA基因真核表达载体的构建及表达研究

本研究旨在探讨通过构建同时表达大肠杆菌植酸酶appA2及人抗黏液病毒基因A(Myxovirus resistance gene,MxA)的真核表达载体,比较双基因表达载体和相应单基因表达载体中外源基因的表达效率;从pcDNA-ap-pA2载体上扩增CMV-appA2-BGHpA片段,通过MluI酶切位点连接到pcDNA-MxA载体中,构建重组载体pcDNA-appA-MxA(下称AMP),分别将pcDNA3.1(+)、pcDNA-MxA、pcDNA-appA2及AMP质粒转染猪PK15细胞,经G418筛选后,取细胞通过实时荧光定量PCR测定细胞内appA2及MxA的表达,同时部分细胞通过Westernblot测定细胞内MxA蛋白表达量,采用改进的钼酸铵显色法测定细胞内植酸酶活性;酶切及测序结果表明成功构建了AMP载体;QRT-PCR结果表明,转AMP细胞组MxA表达水平是转pcDNA-MxA组的1.118倍,转AMP细胞组appA2表达水平是转pcDNA-appA2组的1.134倍,上述各组间差异显著(P0.05)。灰度分析结果表明,AMP细胞组细胞内MxA表达量是转染pcDNA-MxA细胞组的1.07倍;植酸酶活性测定试验结果表明,转AMP、pcDNA-appA2细胞组及对照组细胞内植酸酶酶活和对照组平均酶活分别为0.294、0.235及0.082FTU·μL-1,2个试验组间差异不显著,试验组和对照组间差异极显著(P0.01);试验结果表明本研究构建双基因表达载体中外源基因的表达效率比相应单基因表达载体表达效率高,本研究为以后多基因共表达及制备多基因转基因动物奠定了基础。     

植物铝胁迫响应机制的研究进展

从铝对植物的毒害、植物耐铝（抗铝）的生理、遗传、分子生物学等多方面综述植物的耐铝机制．并探讨其研究的发展方向。     

外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下非洲菊抗氧化酶活性和生理特性的影响(英文)

以非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii L.)品种Amaretto'为试材,研究外源水杨酸(SA)对缓解非洲菊生殖生长期因盐胁迫引起的过氧化伤害作用.在开花前分别用0、0.5和1.0mmol L-1SA对非洲菊植株进行预处理,3d后用100mmol L-1NaCl灌溉,持续2周;对照植株未经NaCl和SA处理.结果表明:盐胁迫处理后,叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性增加,丙二醛(MDA)含量、电解质外渗率和脯氨酸含量提高;外源SA预处理显著降低了盐胁迫植株叶片的MDA含量和电解质外渗率;在外源0.5mmol L-1SA预处理后,植株SOD和POD活性分别是对照的1.4倍和2.4倍;SA预处理后与植株耐盐性相关的生理生化指标呈显著相关,以0.5mmol L-1SA处理增强植株盐胁迫耐性的效果更好.说明外源SA处理能够诱导盐胁迫下非洲菊植株的抗氧化反应,水杨酸将是一种提高园艺作物耐盐性的有效物质.     

油菜蚜虫防控技术研究（英文）

[目的]为筛选适应云南主要油菜产区的抗（耐）蚜虫品种及经济有效环保的防治药剂。[方法]对22份云南主推品种、国内新育成品种及核心育种材料进行6种抗蚜虫药剂的药效试验。[结果]云油双1号、花油4号、云花油早熟1号、A35等品种抗蚜性较好,播种时施用地蚜灵预防,花角期交替使用烯啶虫安和吡虫啉等药剂防治。[结论]该研究结果为油菜产业的可持续发展提供重要技术保障。     

Induction of Tolerance to Fusarium Wilt and Defense-Related Mechanisms in the Plantlets of Susceptible Berangan Banana Pre-lnoculated with Pseudomonas sp. （UPMP3） and Burkholderia sp. （UPMB3）

This study is aimed at assessing the ability of two endophytic bacteria originally isolated from healthy oil palm roots, Pseudomonas sp. （UPMP3） and Burkholderia sp. （UPMB3） to induce resistance in susceptible Berangan banana against Fusarium oxysporum race 4 （FocR4）. Increased accumulation of resistance-related enzymes such as peroxidase （PO）, phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL）, lignithioglycolic acid （LTGA）, and pathogenesis-related （PR） proteins （ehitinase and β-1,3-glucanase） has been observed in plantlets treated with endophytic bacteria UPMP3 and UPMB3 singly or as mixture under glasshouse conditions. Pre-inoculation of banana plantlets with UPMP3 showed a significant reduction in Fusarium wilt incidence 72 d after challenged inoculation with FocR4. UPMB3 was less effective in suppressing Fusarium wilt compared to UPMP3, whereas, the mixture of both endophytes showed an intermediate effect. Based on these results, it is concluded that UPMP3 could be a promising biological control agent that can trigger resistance against Fusarium wilt in susceptible Berangan banana.     

Valuing Potential Benefits of Research into the Biological Control of Californian Thistle （Cirsium arvense）： A Bioeconomic Model

The present research developed a bioeconomic model for control of Californian thistle （Cirsium arvense L. Scop.） in intensive, lowland sheep pastures in New Zealand. Production costs included two control methods： herbicides and defoliation, with defoliation encompassing both physical means and biocontrol measures. The model was used to examine the economic value of a research programme into biological control of the weed, given several different future scenarios. These scenarios were high herbicide prices, a price premium for lamb raised without chemical herbicides, and development of herbicide resistance. The model results were used to estimate national impacts. If the only change in the agricultural sector was the cost of the biocontrol to the nation＇s farmers, the research programme to find an effective biocontrol agent had little economic impact. If other factors changed, such as the price of petroleum or levels of herbicide resistance in the weed. the model＇s results suggested that intensive sheep farming could grow or shrink by as much as NZ$219 million dollars over five years. In the latter case, having an alternative control method reduced potential losses and increased potential gains, resulting in a net benefit of between NZ$81 million and NZ$153 million. This work extended prior research in several ways. First. Californian thistle reproduces via root buds, which affected the modelling of weed behaviour. Secondly, the model allowed optimistation over continuous levels of weed control for two different methods. Thirdly, the model accounted for both weed control and damage to nitrogen-fixing clover from herbicide use. Finally, the research investigated optimal weed control in several different alternative future states.     

红树共附生微生物分离与抗白色念珠菌活性评价

对湛江市廉江高桥、东简北港2个红树林区红树的根、叶、花、果不同部位27份样品进行共附生微生物的分离及抗白色念珠菌活性的评价。采用改良M1培养基、改良马丁培养基和改良高氏一号培养基进行细菌、真菌和放线菌的分离,用美蓝酶标仪法对所筛菌株进行抗白色念珠菌活性评价。利用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行单因素方差分析和多重比较。从27份样品中共分离出384株红树林共附生微生物,其中细菌170株,真菌160株,放线菌54株,细菌和真菌为优势菌群,两者占分离总菌株数的86.0%;从384株分离菌中检测出64株具有抗白色念珠菌活性,占分离菌的16.7%;统计分析显示,除2个地区的抗白色念珠菌活性数无显著差异外,2个地区的红树共附生微生物的组成、不同类型共附生微生物的数量、不同类型共附生微生物的抗白色念珠菌活性、红树不同部位的共附生微生物数量与活性菌株数量均存在一定的差异。     

小麦新抗源CH223抗条锈性的遗传分析及细胞学鉴定

用条中(CYR)30、31、32和33号对小麦抗病新品系CH223及其亲本进行抗性评价,分析其对条中32号的抗性遗传方式,并研究其细胞学特征。结果显示,CH223苗期和成株期对上述4个生理小种表现出免疫或近免疫的抗性水平,并具有与其抗性供体TAI7047及其野生亲本中间偃麦草相似的抗病反应型;抗×感的F1代均为免疫,反应型为0~0;型,且F2、F2:3、BC1代的抗、感分离比均符合1对显性基因控制的分离模式;CH223及其与小麦品种"中国春"等杂种F1的染色体数目均为2n=42,绝大多数的花粉母细胞具有2n=21Ⅱ的配对构型,并能与小麦染色体完好配对。说明CH223不含较大的外源染色体片段,是一个携带偃麦草抗条锈病基因的隐形异源渐渗系,对条中32号的成株抗性受1对显性核基因控制。     

欧盟延长对先正达、孟山都种子交易反垄断调查的截止期限

据农业生物技术巨头——孟山都公司表示。在8月22日召开的巴西全国技术生物安全委员会会议上．孟山都公司研发的2型生物抗草甘膦转基因大豆已经获得在巴西种植的批准。