Nitrogen Deficiency Limited the Improvement of Photosynthesis in Maize by Elevated CO2 Under Drought

Global environmental change affects plant physiological and ecosystem processes. The interaction of elevated CO2, drought and nitrogen （N） deficiency result in complex responses of C4 species photosynthetic process that challenge our current understanding. An experiment of maize （Zea mays L.） involving CO2 concentrations （380 or 750 μmol mol1, climate chamber）, osmotic stresses （10% PEG-6000, -0.32 MPa） and nitrogen constraints （N deficiency treated since the 144th drought hour） was carried out to investigate its photosynthesis capacity and leaf nitrogen use efficiency. Elevated CO2 could alleviate drought-induced photosynthetic limitation through increasing capacity of PEPC carboxylation （Vp~,x） and decreasing stomatal limitations （SL）. The N deficiency exacerbated drought-induced photosynthesis limitations in ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 partially alleviated the limitation induced by drought and N deficiency through improving the capacity of Rubisco carboxylation （Vmax） and decreasing SL. Plants with N deficiency transported more N to their leaves at elevated CO2, leading to a high photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency but low whole-plant nitrogen-use efficiency. The stress mitigation by elevated CO2 under N deficiency conditions was not enough to improving plant N use efficiency and biomass accumulation. The study demonstrated that elevated CO2 could alleviate drought-induced photosynthesis limitation, but the alleviation varied with N supplies.     

Molecular Mapping of a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrH9020a Transferred from Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng on Wheat Chromosome 6D

Stripe rust （yellow rust）, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst）, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. H9020-1-6-8-3 is a translocation line originally developed from interspeciifc hybridization between wheat line 7182 and Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng and is resistant to most Pst races in China. To identify the resistance gene（s） in the translocation line, H9020-1-6-8-3 was crossed with susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169, and seedlings of the parents, F1, F2, F3, and BC1 generations were tested with prevalent Chinese Pst race CYR32 under controlled greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that there is a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as YrH9020a, conferring resistance to CYR32. The resistance gene was mapped by the F2 population from Mingxian 169/H9020-1-6-8-3. It was linked to six microsatellite markers, including Xbarc196, Xbarc202, Xbarc96, Xgpw4372, Xbarc21, and Xgdm141, lfanked by Xbarc96 and Xbarc202 with at 4.5 and 8.3 cM, respectively. Based on the chromosomal locations of these markers and the test of Chinese Spring （CS） nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, the gene was assigned to chromosome 6D. According to the origin and the chromosomal location, YrH9020a might be a new resistance gene to stripe rust. The lfanking markers linked to YrH9020a could be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.     

植物基因打靶的研究与应用

本文分析了影响基因打靶效率的因素,并指出提高同源重组利用率和在靶基因位点处引入DNA双键断裂可以提高基因打靶效率,总结了近年来这两方面尝试在植物中的研究进展,并与一些其他物种中的研究作出比较.     

鸭ApoVLDL-Ⅱ基因第1内含子多态性及其遗传效应

以褐色菜鸭为材料,对其ApoVLDL-Ⅱ基因第1内含子进行PCR-SSCP检测,分析其多态性及遗传效应.结果表明,在ApoVLDL-Ⅱ基因第1内含子检测到多态性,存在BB、Bb和bb 3种基因型,序列比对发现存在T374C、C379T和T390G 3个单核苷酸多态位点,该位点属中度多态,并处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05).关联分析显示,bb基因型个体的蛋重极显著高于BB型(P<0.01),bb基因型个体的蛋白重显著高于BB型(P<0.05).推测该片段的多态位点可能对褐色菜鸭蛋重和蛋白重有一定的影响.     

绵羊体表脓包病原的分离·鉴定及药敏试验

[目的]对分离自湖北省大悟县的患病山羊体表脓包中的致病菌进行分析和鉴定,以确定脓包中细菌的分子分类学地位及药物敏感性。[方法]通过对分离株16SrRNA基因序列分析,结合细菌菌落形态和细菌生化特性分析进行细菌分离和鉴定,并对已鉴定的菌株进行药物敏感性试验,筛选出脓包细菌敏感性药物。[结果]从脓包分离的细菌分别为葡萄球菌属、大肠埃希氏杆菌属、不动杆菌属以及绿脓杆菌;药物敏感试验表明这些细菌对药物的敏感性不同,其中对头孢类、喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类以及氯霉素等敏感。[结论]该研究可为该地区该病流行病学的研究与防治药物的研发提供参考。     

天然β-胡萝卜素提取工艺研究进展

β-胡萝卜素是维生素A的重要来源并且可作为食品着色剂,同时其突出的抗癌特性和抗氧化性使其成为日常膳食补充剂的理想选择。综述了国内外近十年来不同来源的生物原料中天然β-胡萝卜素提取工艺的研究概况,将其归纳为有机溶剂萃取法、超临界CO2萃取法、超声波辅助萃取法、微波辅助萃取法和酶解辅助萃取法,并对比了各种方法的优缺点,以期为今后β-胡萝卜素及其他天然色素特别是类胡萝卜色素的提取与开发提供参考。     

猪伪狂犬病毒湖北株gE基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]通过对从湖北省某猪场分离获得的伪狂犬病毒的gE基因克隆和测序,分析其遗传变化规律。[方法]参考GenBank中猪伪狂犬病病毒(Porcine pseudorabies Virus,PRV)gE基因的序列设计1对引物,对PRV湖北株gE基因进行PCR扩增和序列分析,PCR产物克隆到pMD 18-T载体。对重组质粒进行限制性内切酶分析和基因测序,与GenBank收录的国内外其他地区的标准参考毒株进行同源性分析和比较。[结果]与标准参考毒株的核苷酸序列同源性为95.0%~98.0%,进化树分析表明,PRVHBXS2014株与河南焦作株EU561349-China同属于一个分支,亲缘关系较近,但存在个别位点的基因突变。[结论]为有效防控该病提供参考。     

cDNA-AFLP技术及其在基因差异表达中的应用

cDNA-AFLP技术是一种在转录水平上研究基因差异表达的分子生物学实验技术,由于其具有起始材料量少、假阳性低、重现性、灵敏度高且不需预先知晓序列信息等优点,被广泛应用于各类生物差异表达基因的研究。就cDNA-AFLP技术的基本原理、发展历史和技术特点以及在微生物研究尤其是乳酸菌发酵研究中的潜在应用价值进行了综述。     

表达鹅细小病毒VP3基因重组腺病毒的构建与鉴定

[目的]构建表达鹅细小病毒 （GPV） VP3基因的重组腺病毒,为机体免疫试验和免疫效果评价奠定基础.[方法]以重组质粒pcDNA-VP3为模板,以GPV-VP3为目的基因,构建GPV-VP3重组腺病毒载体,通过转染获得能稳定表达GPV-VP3基因的重组腺病毒,通过IFA和Western-blot检测GPV-VP3基因的表达情况.[结果]扩增到的GPV-VP3基因全长为1 605 bp,线性化的重组腺病毒穿梭质粒pCR259-VP3能在QBI-HEK293细胞中瞬时表达GPV-VP3基因,表达蛋白的分子量约为60Ku.[结论]该重组腺病毒的构建将为GPV新型疫苗研发和后期体内试验奠定基础.     

牛源犬新孢子虫IMP1基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]为了解牛源犬新孢子虫IMP1基因生物学特性,分析牛源犬新孢子虫IMP1基因的克隆与序列。[方法]应用PCR技术扩增IMP1基因,将纯化的PCR产物和pMD18-T Simple Vector连接,构建pMD18-IMP1重组克隆质粒,进行PCR鉴定和酶切鉴定,将鉴定为阳性的质粒进行测序分析。[结果]PCR扩增犬新孢子虫IMP1基因大小为762 bp,克隆质粒经测序分析与GenBank（XM003879531.1）中IMP1基因的同源性为99.9%。[结论]该试验为犬新孢子虫IMP1基因的表达及后续研究奠定了基础。