杜鹃红山茶芽苗砧嫁接亲和性生理研究

杜鹃红山茶（Camellia azalea）为山茶科山茶属常绿灌木或小乔木,是中国特有珍稀濒危物种,在园林与观赏园艺方面具有广阔的应用前景,兼具有极高的科研价值。国内外关于杜鹃红山茶嫁接繁殖的研究主要集中在木质化砧木嫁接方面,而芽苗砧嫁接技术及芽苗砧嫁接亲和性生理的研究鲜有报道。为了从生理层面揭示杜鹃红山茶接穗与不同油茶芽苗砧的亲和性差异,本研究以广西栽培面积广泛的高州油茶、广宁红花油茶、岑溪软枝油茶、普通油茶为芽苗砧,以杜鹃红山茶当年生半木质化枝条为接穗进行芽苗砧嫁接,于嫁接后90 d,考察不同芽苗砧处理对杜鹃红山茶接穗死亡率、嫁接苗叶片中初生代谢产物含量、抗氧化生理指标以及光合色素含量的影响。结果表明：（1）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶接穗的死亡率有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧,杜鹃红山茶嫁接死亡率最低,为18.5%;（2）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶接穗叶片中可溶性蛋白含量及淀粉含量有显著影响,采用高州油茶砧木,嫁接苗叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及淀粉含量均处于最高水平;（3）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中脯氨酸含量及过氧化物酶（POD）活性有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧,嫁接苗叶片中脯氨酸和丙二醛（MDA）含量最低,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和POD活性最高;（4）不同芽苗砧木对杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中总叶绿素、叶绿素a及叶绿素b含量有显著影响,采用高州油茶作为芽苗砧的杜鹃红山茶嫁接苗叶片中总叶绿素、叶绿素a及叶绿素b含量均最高。研究认为,杜鹃红山茶接穗与高州油茶芽苗砧具有较好的亲和性,其嫁接苗抗性优于其他芽苗砧处理,叶片生长状况较好,具有较强的光合能力。     

不同品种·系统后备绵羊零死亡率模式的效益评价

[目的]获取不同品种、系统后备绵羊在零死亡率模式下的效益评价,为养殖种羊的出售提供数据参考。[方法]选择平均初生重接近的母羔,春羔考力代43只(A)及罗姆尼24只(B对照)各1群与冬羔考力代37只(C)母羔1群,共104只。记录断奶重、月末体重、计算死亡率。到次年4月份,剔除死亡羔羊后分析7月至次年4月经济效益。[结果]A、B、C组死亡率分别为4.65%、12.5%、16.0%。罗姆尼B组与冬羔考力代C组在0.01水平上极显著差异。冬、春羔考力代与罗姆尼对照极显著差异。A组盛草期羔羊体重变异系数比B组高1.66个百分点,同时B组低于C组1.82个百分点。9月、12月、4月体重与前3个月在0.05水平上显著相关;到12月后至4月除与3月显著相关外,其他月份在0.01水平上极显著相关。6月龄出售种羊,春羔考力代平均理论利润高于罗姆尼93.21元/只,高冬羔考力代15.3元/只。12月的理论利润春羔高罗姆尼93.92元,高冬羔23.15元。在零死亡率情况下12月出售与9月出售相比,各组每只平均损失A组219.5元、B组240元、C组258元。[结论]初生重、断奶重、死亡率之间无相关性;在该地区春羔考力代绵羊具有更好的选育优势,9月(6月龄)为种羊最佳出售时机。     

不同食料植物对舞毒蛾生长发育的影响

该文在以北京主要乔灌木树种为食料、室内饲养舞毒蛾的条件下 ,分析了不同食料植物对舞毒蛾生长发育的影响 .1龄幼虫成活的试验表明 :受试各树种间存在显著差异 ,舞毒蛾 1龄幼虫在柿、杏、黄栌、毛泡桐、火炬树等树种饲养下死亡率较低 ,在核桃楸、国槐、刺槐、臭椿等树种饲养条件下死亡率较高 .4龄幼虫对食物的利用和转化的试验表明 :舞毒蛾对柿树、黄栌、杏树、加杨的营养效率较高 ,对华山松、国槐、刺槐、白蜡和抗虫杨的营养效率较低 .     

中华稻蝗镉急性死亡率差异与等位酶基因型研究

为研究镉毒性与中华稻蝗种群等位酶基因型之间的关系，将采自山西省原平市的中华稻蝗（Oxyachinensis）为研究对象进行镉的LD50急性毒性实验，并对所研究个体进行等位酶水平淀粉凝胶电泳。结果表明，中华稻蝗种群LDH、GPI、PGM和ME均为多态基因座位。在LDH、PGM、ME多态基因座位上，各基因个体的死亡率差异显著（P〈0．05），其中PGM及ME的基因型频率显著偏离哈-温平衡预期值，且LDH、PGM、ME为杂合体缺乏（F〉0）；在GPI多态基因座位上，各基因型个体的死亡率差异不显著（P〉0．05），GPI基因型频率符合哈-温（H-形）平衡预期值，而GPI为杂合体过剩（F〈0）。中华稻蝗在这4个基因座位具有较高的平均每个基因座位的等位基因数（A=2．5），平均观察杂合度（Ho=0．314～0．325）和平均期望杂合度（He=0．471～0．496）。结论：由于中华稻蝗种群不同基因型对Cd^2＋的敏感性不同．因而导致其不同基因型死亡率的差异。     

泾阳链霉菌代谢产物抗病虫作用研究

为了研究泾阳链霉菌(Streptomyces Jingyangensis)代谢产物抗病抗虫特性,开发新型微生物农药,收集了泾阳链霉菌发酵液和菌丝浸提液,利用盆栽试验研究其对作物感染的预防治疗作用,并通过测定虫口减退率和拒食率研究其对作物致病虫的防治作用.结果表明,泾阳链霉菌发酵液和菌丝浸提液处理后,作物感染几率下降,已感染作物生长状况良好;发酵液和菌丝浸提液处理后的小菜蛾、青菜蜗牛虫口减退率可达100％,拒食率达80％;泾阳链霉菌代谢产物对作物的病虫有较强的防治作用,具有开发成新型微生物农药的潜力.     

Thyroid Hormone Concentrations In Critically III Canine Intensive Care Patients

Alterations in thyroid indices in critically ill dogs were studied retrospectively to determine the incidence of the euthyroid sick syndrome and to assess its prognostic relevance to survival. Sixty-seven dogs were classified as euthyroid bases on a TSH stimulation test. Forty-one of 67 (61%) of the euthyroid dogs had low baseline serum T₄ concentrations (<1.5 ug/dl) and 38 of 67 (56%) of the euthyroid dogs had low baseline serum T₃ concentrations (<75 ng/dl). There was no significant difference between either the baseline or the post-stimulation serum T₄ concentrations when values of dogs that survived were compared with those that died. There was, however, a significant difference (P<0.05) between both the baseline and the post-stimulation values for T3 when survivors (100.3± 81 ng/dl, 143± 66 ng/dl) and non-survivors (64.2 ± 17.1 ng/dl, 96.6 ± 38.3 ng/dl) were compared. The euthyroid sick syndrome occurs commonly in critically ill dogs. Further, the extent of depression of serum concentrations of T₃ may be correlated to mortality.     

蝗虫微孢子虫病在蝗虫和群间的流行规律研究

在同德县北巴滩进行了不同浓度蝗虫微孢子虫（N.L)小区试验和大面积推广试验，并在1997和1999年对防治效果作了调查，结果表明N.L不仅当年虫口减退率和感病率可达60％和50％以上（30天），而且在1997年、1999年防区内平均感病率仍保持在30％和40％。说明N.L具有较强的水平扩散能力和垂直感染能力，可持续、有效地控制蝗灾的发生。     

D-Dimer Improves the Prognostic Value of Combined Clinical and Laboratory Data in Equine Gastrointestinal Colic

The discriminating ability of 15 parameters alone or in combinations, including results from analysis of plasma endotoxin, the Nycomed plasma D-Dimer test and phospholipase A₂, were analyzed to predict morbidity and mortality in equine gastrointestinal colic. Endotoxaemia was a characteristic feature of the colic horses. The problem of adequately predicting non-survivors among colic horses required several parameters to be included in the logistic model: if the “classical parameters”, (heart rate, respiratory rate, PCV, anion gap) were included in the model, addition of plasma D-dimer, phospholipase A₂, and Cl^- significantly improved the predictive value of the logistic model. Increasing heart rate and D-dimer together with decreasing chloride was a risk factor for nonsurvival. The sensitivity of this three-parameter logistic model to predict nonsurvival was 78% and specificity 77%. The Nycomed D-Dimer test is recommended as a horse-site test to predict disseminated intravascular coagulation and nonsurvival in equine colic.     

Air pollution removal by urban forests in Canada and its effect on air quality and human health

Urban trees perform a number of ecosystem services including air pollution removal, carbon sequestration, cooling air temperatures and providing aesthetic beauty to the urban landscape. Trees remove air pollution by intercepting particulate matter on plant surfaces and absorbing gaseous pollutants through the leaf stomata. Computer simulations with local environmental data reveal that trees in 86 Canadian cities removed 16,500 tonnes (t) of air pollution in 2010 (range: 7500–21,100 t), with human health effects valued at 227.2 million Canadian dollars (range: $52.5–402.6 million). Annual pollution removal varied among cities and ranged up to 1740 t in Vancouver, British Columbia. Overall health impacts included the avoidance of 30 incidences of human mortality (range: 7–54) and 22,000 incidences of acute respiratory symptoms (range: 7900–31,100) across these cities.