长沙市蛇寄生钩虫感染情况调查

为了解湖南省长沙市蛇寄生钩虫感染情况,2009年3月~2010年1月,在长沙市2个主要的蛇来源市场随机抽取180条蛇进行寄生钩虫感染情况调查。结果显示,124条蛇体内检测到钩虫,感染率为68.89%;2个市场的感染率分别为75%、58.82%。可见,长沙市钩虫感染比较严重,开展钩虫病的预防工作十分必要。     

野生树鼩寄生虫感染调查

为了解野生树鼩的寄生虫感染状况,剖检昆明市西郊野外捕获的3只树鼩（雄性1只、雌性2只）后进行寄生虫检查。结果显示,雌性树鼩的体表和体内均未检出寄生虫,在雄性树鼩的肠道发现严重绦虫感染,共检出虫体16条,经鉴定为长膜壳绦虫（Hymenolepis diminuta）,绦虫总重量为3.4 g,占该树鼩体重的3.6%。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌人工感染雏鸭病理模型的建立及动态病理学观察

为了深入研究鸭疫里默氏杆菌的致病机理,以14日龄试验鸭人工感染Ⅰ型鸭疫里默氏杆菌,建立鸭疫里默氏杆菌病病理模型,并在感染后6、12、24、36、48、60、72、84h,7d扑杀试验鸭,采集心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、胸腺、法氏囊、胰腺,常规病理学方法研究其在感染雏鸭体内的动态病理变化规律。结果表明,雏鸭经嗉囊和气管注射2种途径感染血清Ⅰ型RA,均成功建立了人工感染动物模型。消化道感染的潜伏期为6h,感染后24h开始死亡,死亡高峰集中于36～72h,死亡率85％,72h后停止死亡。呼吸道感染潜伏期为12h,感染后24h开始死亡,死亡高峰集中于60～84·h,死亡率65％,84h后停止死亡。与消化道感染途径相比,呼吸道感染途径的潜伏期多6h,死亡高峰时间延后24h,死亡率低20％。心、肝发生病理变化最早,肺、肾、脑、胰较晚,免疫器官胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏最晚。组织学病理变化比解剖病理变化提前6～12h。纤维素性心包炎比纤维素性肝周炎早24h出现,时间依次为感染后24、48h。各器官首先表现充血,轻度肿大,呈浆液性、纤维素性及生理性炎症反应。组织细胞先是肿大,继而颗粒变性、水泡变性、脂肪变性,坏死,最终导致细胞核浓缩、核裂解。呼吸道感染途径的各种动态病理变化,比消化道感染途径晚6～24h。感染后84h,病鸭开始产生一定免疫力,至7d产生较强免疫力而耐过。     

Cytokine expression, glucocorticoid and growth hormone changes after porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-1) infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated naturally exposed pigs

The objective of this paper was to study the changes of some cytokines and neuroendocrine hormones in vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs that were naturally infected by a PRRSV-1 (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus) heterologous field strain. We analyzed gene expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6), pro-immune (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in PBMC, as well as hormonal (GH and cortisol) levels in blood samples of pigs obtained in a field trial previously reported [Martelli P, Gozio S, Ferrari L, Rosina S, De Angelis E, Quintavalla C, et al. Efficacy of a modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in pigs naturally exposed to a heterologous European (Italian cluster) field strain: clinical protection and cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine 2009;27:3788-99]. All vaccinated pigs showed an increase in pro-inflammatory and pro-immune cytokine gene expression with respect to controls and a prompt increase in GH that could be consistently associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in sustaining innate immunity; moreover, the higher levels of cortisol indicates the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response. In contrast, unvaccinated pigs showed down-regulation of the cortisol and GH responses, and the pro-inflammatory and pro-immune cytokines remained at a basal or low level, with an increase of TNF-α and IL-6 in association with a higher level of IL-10 in the late phase of natural infection. The associated trends of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines together with the cortisol level demonstrate that a previous vaccination promotes an early immune responsiveness in pigs and a more efficient control of inflammation in the late phase of infection with a heterologous PRRSV isolate; both events could sustain clinical protection.     

复方硫氰酸红霉素可溶性粉对人工感染鸡慢性呼吸道病的疗效试验

用复方硫氰酸红霉素可溶性粉以每升水中加0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9 g 5个剂量对人工感染鸡慢性呼吸道病的鸡群混饮治疗,同时设立硫氰酸红霉素可溶性粉对照组.试验结果表明,用药5d后,复方硫氰酸红霉素可溶性粉每升水加0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9g剂量组的有效率和治愈率皆高于硫氰酸红霉素可溶性粉组.     

河北屠宰场高致病性猪蓝耳病带毒情况调查

为了了解河北省屠宰场猪只高致病性猪蓝耳病的带毒情况,采用RT-PCR方法对2006～2009年采自全省11个地市228个县级屠宰场1565份商品猪的肺脏或肺门淋巴结进行高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)病原学检测,结果4年间猪场的阳性比率分别为55.56％、72.50％、44.62％和28.74％;4年样品阳性检出率分别为28.45％、40.74％、12.01％和7.31％.HP-PRRSV同伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)混合感染所占的比率为61.66％,多以PCV-2和PRV的二重或三重混合感染为主.总之,HP-PRRSV在河北省猪群中污染面积较大,值得高度重视.     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒低剂量感染小鼠发病模型的建立

为模拟哺乳动物感染H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)的发病进程,本研究采用对哺乳动物高度致病的H5N1亚型HPAIV株A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/3/05 (BHG/3/05),以低剂量鼻腔接种小鼠,观察发病、存活、病毒复制及组织病理损伤情况.结果显示,100.4 EID50即能够100％感染小鼠,但发病表现缓慢,死亡延迟至8d以后,存活达60％;体内病毒复制可持续10 d以上,感染后前3d病毒的增殖限于呼吸道,随后扩散至脑、脾、肾等其他器官;组织病理学观察肺脏早期表现出渗出性炎症,第10d发展为典型的间质性肺炎.本研究结果为探讨人禽流感的病理发生机制提供了具有价值的模型.     

Development of a novel diagnostic test for detection of bovine viral diarrhea persistently infected animals using hair

The purpose of this study was to determine whether manually plucked hairs might serve as an alternative sample for a quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) testing. Twenty three, 1~3 week old, non-bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccinated calves, found to be positive for BVDV by immunohistochemical staining, were selected and hairs were manually plucked from the ear. qRT-PCR was performed on samples consisting of more than 30 hairs (30~100) and whole blood. All 23 animals were positive for the virus by qRT-PCR performed on the whole blood and when samples of more than 30 hairs were assayed. Additionally, qRT-PCR was performed on groups of 10 and 20 hairs harvested from 7 out of 23 immunohistochemical staining-positive calves. When groups of 20 and 10 hairs were tested, 6 and 4 animals, respectively, were positive for the virus.     

不同基质接种不同丛植菌根真菌对黄檗幼苗侵染及生长的影响

通过盆栽接种试验,用4种丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)接种黄檗1 a生实生苗,探索不同接种基质、不同菌种以及混合菌种条件下,内生丛枝菌根(Vesicalar-Arbuscular,VA)真菌对黄檗(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)幼苗的侵染效果及对其生长量的影响.结果表明:不同基质条件下接种丛枝菌根真菌对寄主植物的生长发育的影响差异很大,就该试验菌种接种黄檗而言,以草炭∶蛭石∶沙子=1∶0.5∶1基质接种效果良好;通过混合接种与单独接种的侵染特性比较,凡是含G.mosseae和G.diaphanum菌种的接种处理侵染率高,显著提高了苗木的生长量,而含有G.versiforme和G.diaphanum的组合侵染率一直比较低,而且降低了G.mosseae和G.diaphanum的侵染效率.