我国野生大麦种质资源的特色及其利用展望

综述了我国野生大麦的分布、种质资源特色,对我国野生大麦种质利用前景进行了展望.     

Tolerance of four spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties to weed harrowing

We investigated the tolerance to weed harrowing of four spring barley varieties and examined the possible interactions between varietal weed suppressive ability and two nutrient levels. Tolerance was defined as the combined effect of crop resistance (ability to resist soil covering) and crop recovery (the ability to recover in terms of yield). The weed harrowing strategy was a combination of one pre‐ and one post‐emergence weed harrowing. In terms of yield, the four varieties responded significantly differently to weed harrowing and the response depended on nutrient level. At the lower nutrient level, weed harrowing caused an increase in yield of 4.4 hkg ha⁻¹ for a strong competitor (cv. Otira), while there was no effect on yield at the higher nutrient level. For a weaker competitor (cv. Brazil), weed harrowing caused no change in yield at the lower nutrient level, whereas yield decreased by 6.0 hkg ha⁻¹ at the higher nutrient level. There were marked differences between the weed suppressive ability of the four varieties when not harrowed, with less pronounced but significant differences when harrowed. Weed harrowing did not change the weed suppressive ability of a variety. Varieties that are tall at post‐emergence harrowing and have increased density after pre‐emergence harrowing, are the ones that benefit most from weed harrowing.     

西藏野生瓶形大麦79个新变种的发现

本文报道了西藏野生瓶形大麦新变种79个，描述了其形态特征和分布，分析了变种特点。这对大麦分类和起源演化、资源保护和利用、遗传与育种工程等研究都具有重要意义。     

补饲热处理大麦对延边黄牛瘤胃内环境的影响

该试验研究了补饲热处理大麦对瘤胃内环境的影响。选择2头健康无病、体重相近、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛母牛，分别测定pH、原虫数及NH3-N浓度。对照组和试验组不同时间点pH值变化均不显著，两组pH值变化规律大致相同，变化范围在5．81～6．92之间。对照组和试验组不同时间点纤毛虫数量及NH3—N浓度无显著差异，试验组均低于对照组，但在各时间点，各组间差异均不显著。     

甘肃省啤酒大麦产业发展现状及建议

分析了甘肃省发展啤酒大麦产业的优势及存在的问题,并针对性地提出了稳定增加啤酒大麦科技投入;坚持以市场为导向,扶持龙头企业,大力推进产业化经营;完善行业协会职能,加强市场信息网络建设等发展建议.     

Alpha-amylase/subtilisin Inhibitor Levels in Australian Barleys

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the bifunctional alpha-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (BASI) content of barley grain from 11 cultivars grown in six diverse locations in Australia. The inhibitor ranged from 119 to 254 μg/g in 57 barley samples. Genotype had a significant (P<0·05) effect on BASI content but there was no effect due to environment. Total protein varied independently of BASI and was influenced by environment and genotype. BASI content was higher (P<0·05) in malting barley than in feed barley and was correlated positively (r=0·29;P<0·05) with alpha-amylase activity in corresponding malts. The ELISA used monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against purified BASI. In immunoblot analysis the monoclonal antibody showed high specificity for the inhibitor in barley and also detected the inhibitor in wheat. Low levels of inhibitor (mean 3·2 μg/g) were found in 12 Australian wheat cultivars using the ELISA developed for barley. The assay had a linear working range of 5–50 ng/mL with a detection limit of 2 ng/mL. Reproducibility between assays was good (CV=4·9%) but mean recoveries were high, ranging from 116–129% when purified inhibitor was added to barley extracts. The ELISA may have useful applications in brewing research and barley breeding programmes.     

锌与氮磷平衡施用对大麦营养效应的研究

采用氮、磷、锌3因素5水平最优回归设计,在田间条件下探讨了钙质紫色土中氮、磷、锌对大麦量产及肥效的影响。结果表明,当施氮量在75kg/ha以下时,不必施用锌肥;氮用量超过75kg/ha时,施锌能较大度幅地提高大麦产量。锌在平衡氮、磷养分中起着重要作用,锌与氮、磷间对大麦产量存在较大的正连应。在每公顷施75—112.5N、60—120公斤P_2O_5、30～75公斤ZnSO_4·7H_2O的最优施肥方案下,可获得3225kg/ha以上的产量,且大麦品质良好,肥料利用率较高。     

啤酒麦糟制备蛋白饲料过程中蛋白质的转化

啤酒麦糟经湿磨，稀酸预水解和酶水解后，有３７％的麦糟蛋白溶解在水解糖液中，糖液供培养酵母用，溶解在其中在麦糟蛋白质４０％～５０％能被酵母利用转化成酵母蛋白。产酶用纤维渣中保留了２０％麦糟蛋白，在产酶过程中菌丝体可溶解并利用共中３０％的麦糟蛋白质合成纤维素酶，６３％的麦糟蛋白质留在滤渣，预水解渣，酶解渣和产酶渣中，干燥后与酵母混合制成蛋白饲料。麦糟蛋白质在所选用的工艺条件下，基本不受损失。     

~（60）Co－γ射线对大麦种子的辐射贮存效应

大麦干种子经γ射线２７９．９Ｇｙ照射后，在贮存１０５天内其根尖细胞的染色体畸变率和微核率都呈波动式曲线变化，总趋势是增加的。但贮存也不同程度地降低了种子的发芽率和出苗率。根尖细胞的染色体畸变率与微核率呈极显著直线相关关系。