Double-Cropping Pinto Bean after Winter Barley in Western Colorado USA

A double-cropping field study was conducted at the Colorado State University, Fruita. Colorado USA to evaluate an irrigated, double-cropping system of winter barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） followed by pinto bean （Phaseolus vutgaris L.） for the valley areas of western Colorado USA and other similar environments. Double-cropping pinto bean after winter barley was successful, but to use our double-cropping technology in commercial agriculture in adapted locations will likely require identifying or developing a winter barley cultivar that matures earlier than current cultivars but does not head and flower so early that it is susceptible to freeze damage. Double-cropping was more profitable in all three years than growing either pinto bean or winter barley as a sole crop.     

Grain composition of Virginia winter barley and implications for use in feed,food, and biofuels production

Grain compositional components impacting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) use in food, feed and fuel products, must be combined with improved agronomic traits to produce a commercially viable barley cultivar. Little current information is available on grain composition and variability among winter barley genotypes. This study was conducted to determine the variability among modern hulled and hulless winter barley genotypes in grain composition. Barley types varied significantly in grain and kernel weight, starch, beta-glucan, oil and ash content, but not in protein concentration. Hulless barley had significantly higher grain test weight and starch concentration than hulled and malting types, and significantly higher beta-glucan than malting barley. Hulless barley had significantly lower kernel weights, oil, and ash concentrations than hulled and malting types. Higher starch and lower fiber and ash in grain of hulless barley versus hulled feed or malting type barley are characteristics that increase hulless barley desirability. Selection for high starch concentration among all barley types is feasible and will facilitate development of barley cultivars better suited for use in feed, malt, and ethanol production.     

大麦芽阿魏酸酯酶的分离纯化及其部分酶学性质的测定

本试验采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析、DEAE-52离子交换层析对大麦芽中的阿魏酸酯酶(FAE)进行了分离纯化,并测定了其部分酶学性质。结果显示,分离纯化后获得了阿魏酸酯酶纯品,纯化倍数达34倍;经SDS-PAGE电泳显示为单一条带,并测定其相对分子质量约为29.3 ku;最适反应温度为50℃;最适pH为5.5,但阿魏酸酯酶在60℃以下,pH 4.5~7.5之间有较好的稳定性;Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe3+对酶活有很强的抑制作用,Na+和EDTA对酶有一定的激活作用。     

约旦野生大麦种质资源形态与产量性状分析

对引自约旦不同地区的4个野生大麦自然群体的40份材料农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明,约旦野生大麦材料群体间与群体内在株高、穗颈长、旗叶长、穗长、芒长和穗粒数等性状上均有显著差异,遗传多样性丰富;农艺性状的相关和通径分析表明,所引材料的有效分蘖和百粒质量与单株产量呈极显著正相关,对单株产量直接贡献效应较大;多元逐步回归分析得到单株产量的最佳回归方程:y=-0.058x1-0.111x2+0.429x3-0.529x4+0.439x8+3.732x10(R=0.984,P0.0001);其中百粒质量对单株产量的偏回归系数最大。     

水杨酸对离体青稞叶片衰老的缓解效应

以青稞幼苗离体叶片为试材,在暗培养条件下,研究了水杨酸处理对离体青稞叶片叶绿素总量、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质含量的影响。结果显示,在离体青稞叶片衰老过程中,叶绿素总量和可溶性蛋白质含量均不断下降,MDA和脯氨酸含量升高。用800 mg/L的水杨酸处理可延缓离体青稞叶片叶绿素总量和可溶性蛋白质含量的降低,抑制MDA、脯氨酸含量的上升。表明水杨酸降低了离体青稞叶片膜脂过氧化程度,延缓了离体青稞叶片衰老的进程。     

不同BYDV抗性的小麦品种对介体麦蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响

在室内20℃条件下研究了大麦黄矮病抗性不同的3个小麦品种对介体麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,不同抗性小麦品种对麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜若蚜发育历期、存活率、成蚜寿命和生殖力有显著的影响,以张春20号对介体蚜虫的影响最大,小偃22号次之,小偃6号抗性最弱。通过麦二叉蚜和麦长管蚜在供试的3个小麦品种上生长发育和繁殖的参数比较,小麦品种对介体蚜虫影响大小与小麦品种对大麦黄矮病抗性强弱趋势一致。     

Metabolic characteristics in ruminants of the proteins in newly developed hull-less barley varieties with altered starch traits

Recently, new varieties of hull-less barley have been developed with altered carbohydrate traits. To our knowledge, there is no study on metabolic characteristics in ruminants of the proteins in the newly developed hull-less barley varieties. The objectives of this study were to: compare metabolic characteristics of the proteins of zero-amylose waxy (CDC Fibar), low-amylose waxy (CDC Rattan), high-amylose (HB08302), and normal starch (CDC McGwire) hull-less barley. In situ animal trials were carried out to generate the original rumen fermentation data for modeling nutrient supply to dairy cattle by using two dairy nutrition models – Dutch DVE/OEB system and NRC 2001. The major comparisons were made in terms of i) truly absorbed protein in the small intestine (DVE or MP, and ii) degraded protein balance (DPB). The study revealed that zero-amylose waxy hull-less barley was superior (P < 0.05) in both DVE (123 vs. 117, 114, 103 g kg⁻¹ DM) and MP (112 vs. 93, 96, and 87 g kg⁻¹ DM) when hull-less barley was evaluated as a single feed for dairy cattle. All of four hull-less barley varieties had negative DPB (DPB^OEB; −37.4, −17.1, −30.2, and −28.2 g kg⁻¹ DM for normal starch, zero-amylose waxy, waxy, and high-amylose cultivar, respectively), indicating the potential N shortage. In conclusion, the alteration of starch structure in granule provided a relatively balanced energy and protein for microbial synthesis in the rumen. The DVE and DPB predicted by using the DVE/OEB system can be explained (r² > 0.76) by the equivalent parameters, predicted by using the NRC 2001 model. The alteration of starch structure in granule affects metabolic characteristics of the proteins of hull-less barley in ruminants.     

戊唑醇和三唑酮拌种防治大麦条纹病研究

分别选用3种不同浓度的6%戊唑醇FS和15%三唑酮WP对‘云大麦2号’进行拌种,研究其对大麦条纹病的防治效果。结果表明：6%戊唑醇FS处理大麦种子对条纹病具有很好的防效,每kg种子用药0.25～0.5 mL防效好,并对大麦发芽、成苗和苗期生长无影响;15%三唑酮WP处理大麦种子对大麦条纹病具有一定防效,但对大麦发芽、成苗和苗期生长有一定抑制作用,生产上应慎用。     

环境对大麦籽粒啤用品质性状的影响

为了解环境对大麦籽粒啤用品质的影响,研究了10个大麦品系在6个试点中籽粒的长、宽、厚、千粒重和蛋白质含量等5个与啤用品质相关的性状,分析了不同性状在品系、试点间的差异性及各性状间的相关性。结果表明:参试品系的籽粒长度、宽度、厚度、千粒重在不同品系间、试点间的差异均达极显著水平;籽粒蛋白质含量在不同试点间的差异达极显著,而品系间的差异不显著。     

2009—2010年大麦产业技术现状与发展趋势

概述了2009年国内外大麦生产与贸易现状、国内外大麦生产技术研发进展以及国内大麦产业存在的问题,分析了2010年大麦产业发展趋势。2009年我国大麦面积和产量分别为1.4×10⁶ hm²和5.5×10⁶ t,取得4项省部级奖成果、3个品种授权和8项专利公告。我国大麦产业主要存在优质专用大麦育种效率较低、生产栽培技术滞后、食用和饲用加工技术缺乏、产供销流通环节混乱等问题。建议政府重视大麦生产、建设大麦优势产区、形成产业链共赢合作关系、加快培育优质专用大麦新品种、加强栽培与食品加工技术研发,促进大麦产业健康稳定发展。