Development of Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay with Nucleoprotein as Antigen for Detection and Quantification of Antibodies against Avian Influenza Virus

Avian influenza (AI) is a serious infectious disease caused by avian influenza virus (AIV) belonging to type A Orthomyxovirus. In the present study, we developed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing E. coli-expressed full-length nucleoprotein (NP) of H9N2 avian influenza virus for the detection and quantification of antibodies against AIV nucleoprotein. The NP-ELISA was compared with the AI agar gel propagation (AGP) test, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, and IDEXX-FlockChek ELISA using 263 sera. The NP-ELISA was significantly more sensitive than the AGP and HI tests, and showed 96.2% agreement ratio with IDEXX-FlockChek ELISA. With results obtained using the NP-ELISA, an ELISA titre (ET) prediction equation, with which the ELISA titres of a flock or individual chickens can be determined, was derived from a positive/negative (P/N) ratio standard curve. The NP-ELISA enables an alternative rapid serological diagnosis and is suitable for influenza A antibody screening, especially in species that harbour several influenza subtypes.     

Basic biological characterization of feline morbillivirus

Feline morbillivirus (FmoPV) is an emerging virus that was recently discovered in domestic cats with chronic nephritis. Despite the potential role of FmoPV in chronic nephritis, little is known about its biological characteristics. In this study, we established a quantitative assay of FmoPV by using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Viral titers of FmoPV were determined in one week. Treatment with polybrene^® or trypsin which was previously used in virus isolation did not augment the virus titers. FmoPV was notably stable at 4°C, retaining high titers for at least 12 days. Heat-treatment at 60°C and 70°C effectively inactivated FmoPV in 10 and 2 min, respectively. The biological characteristics of FmoPV reported here will be beneficial for establishing an efficient virus isolation method and will provide important information to take a measure to reduce the risk of FmoPV infection.     

景观结构要素与色彩因子对滨水景观视觉质量的影响——以武汉东湖磨山景区为例

从视觉特征上的景观视觉吸引要素出发,运用SBE法和色彩量化分析等方法,构建预测模型,从空间要素、实体景物要素以及色彩结构、色彩组成方面探究景观结构要素和色彩因子对武汉东湖磨山景区滨水景观视觉质量的影响以及两者的共同作用效果。结果表明,景观结构要素对景观视觉质量的影响由大到小为:滨水空间亲水性、空间尺度、驳岸类型;色彩因子对景观视觉质量的影响由大到小为:主色彩占比、色彩数量、景观色泽、色彩主次分明程度。综合考量景观结构要素与色彩因子的共同影响,能更好地反映滨水景观的视觉质量。研究结果为东湖磨山景区滨水景观视觉质量提升和其他滨水景观的研究提供参考。     

木材纹理的定量化算法探究

分析了基于数字图像处理学的一些算法对木材纹理定量化的可行性, 包括: 自相关函数、灰度共生矩阵、行程长度统计、快速傅里叶变换功率谱函数、小波、分形、自回归模型、Radon函数变换等, 并评价了这些算法对木材纹理定量化的针对性以及优缺点     

基于整合高通量绝对定量法的土壤微生物多样性分析

目前,常用的高通量测序技术只能得到微生物群落结构的物种种类和相对丰度,而整合高通量绝对定量法（iHAAQ）结合了高通量测序技术和qPCR技术,可以进一步计算得到微生物群落结构的绝对含量。相对丰度和绝对含量均是描述微生物群落结构的必备指标,其中相对丰度适合描述和评价微生物群落结构在单个样本内微生物之间的关系,而绝对含量更适于描述和评价微生物群落结构真实的数量变化以及在样本间微生物之间的关系。本研究基于发表的香蕉土传病害、再造沙地农业生态系统和微生物抑制剂作用3篇文献的高通量测序和qPCR数据,通过整合高通量绝对定量法获得3篇文献中古菌域、细菌域和真核生物域的真菌三类微生物群落结构的绝对含量数据,并进一步计算出这三类微生物整体（简称三域微生物）的绝对含量和相对丰度,从而对土壤微生物群落结构不同物种的相对丰度和绝对含量进行分析,旨在更加深入、准确地揭示土壤微生物群落及其生态功能。结果表明：（1）土壤中细菌的物种丰度和绝对含量高于古菌和真菌,在三域微生物中占据主导地位,缺乏绝对含量指标可能造成对微生物群落结构变化理解的偏差;（2）基于相对丰度和绝对含量数据分析,微生物群落结构α多样性指数结果相同,但β多样性指数结果不同;（3）在香蕉土传病害和再造沙地农业生态系统研究中,三域微生物的PCoA结果与细菌的结果较为相似,表明这两项研究中三域微生物群落结构主要受细菌的影响,但在微生物抑制剂的研究中未发现类似结果。整合高通量绝对定量法可以应用于所有同时进行高通量测序和qPCR测序的研究,在未来的土壤微生物群落结构研究中,采用高通量绝对定量法开展三域微生物群落的物种种类、相对丰度和绝对含量的整体评价,具有重要的生态学意义。     

常规粳稻超高产栽培的精确定量化——设计与实现

2005年在江苏武进水稻超高产精确定量栽培攻关。试验实施前,针对武进试验点粳稻新品种武运粳7号生育规律、产量形成特性,根据当地的生态条件,运用精确定量栽培的技术原理,以产量800 kg/667 m~2为目标设计栽培方案,包括穗粒结构、播栽期、栽插基本苗数、氮肥用量与运筹比例等关键栽培技术进行了定量化设计,并在试验过程进行了严格的实施。结果表明,试验保证了武运粳7号超高产量潜力的表现,平均产量达803 kg/667 m~2。     

Cadmium Uptake in PEA Plants Under Environmentally-Relevant Exposures: The Risk of Food-Chain Transfer

ABSTRACT

The present work was designed to analyze cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Pisum sativum L. plants in a late stage of development, after an exposure to environmentally relevant Cd concentrations of 1, 3, and 30 μ mol L^{? 1} Cd. Cadmium exposure increased metal and thiol accumulation, not only in roots but also in the aerial organs of the plants. Nonetheless, except for the highest Cd exposure, plants did not show any evidence of Cd toxicity symptoms. Roots were found to be the main organs for Cd accumulation, but seeds also retained Cd, accumulating up to 2 μ g Cd g fw^{? 1}. The parameters related to reproduction, such as anthesis and fruit development, were more sensitive to incipient degrees of stress than the biomass gain itself. When compared to previous works using hydroponic cultures, our results evidenced striking differences in Cd and thiol accumulation, suggesting the importance of using more realistic conditions in Cd-stress studies. The analysis of Cd retention in fruits demonstrated that, even at the lower exposure, Cd levels were higher than those allowed for human consumption, hence posing a serious risk of food-chain transfer and confirming the need for more studies on Cd accumulation in contaminated soils.     

昆明市主要树种数量化蓄积量表的编制研究

利用前期昆明市森林资源规划设计调查成果资料,在数据库中提取地类为纯林的资源数据,在纯林的数据库进行等距抽取967个样品组成样本,涉及昆明市14个县(区、市),选择影响林木蓄积主要因子,应用数量化理论Ⅰ的方法研究其相关关系,建立蓄积预测模型,编制昆明市主要树种数量化蓄积量表,可用于对昆明市林地蓄积量预测分析和评价林地生产力水平。     

以梅花鹿P21基因为模板比较相对和绝对荧光定量PCR的准确性

实时荧光定量PCR是具有高度灵敏度和特异性的核酸分析技术,以SYBR Green染料法为基础的相对定量和绝对定量检测方法,由于操作简单、成本较低而倍受青睐。本试验以梅花鹿P21基因为待检测基因,以β—actin作为内参基因,对不同浓度稀释的模板进行相对实时荧光定量PCR检测,然后分别对P21基因和β—actin基因进行绝对定量检测。结果表明,绝对定量的结果比相对定量结果更准确可靠,相对定量在模板256倍稀释后出现较大偏差,在模板浓度较低（低于1000拷贝）时2种方法都会出现较大误差。因此,建议尽量用绝对定量检测目的基因,当模板浓度太低时建议对样品进行浓缩处理。