应用数量化理论Ⅰ研究飞播造林成效

收集宁德地区5个县（市）16个飞播造林播区729个样地的资料,采用数量化理论Ⅰ的方法进行马尾松飞播造林成效和苗高生长的研究,设8个项目,每一项目划分2～4个类目,应用ACRO-386微机求解参数,得预测方程。经计算复相关系数及F检验、方差比、项目得分范围、偏相关系数及t检验,预测方程的回报精度表明线性回归关系极端显著,回报精度高,所建立的预测方程有实际意义;影响飞播造林成效和苗高生长的主要立地因子为植被盖度（以0.3～0.7为好）、海拔高（以250～800m为好）、坡向（以半阳坡、半阴坡为好）。     

Improved immunological detection of S<Emphasis Type="Italic">pongospora subterranea</Emphasis>

The genus Spongospora has two members which are important pathogens of vegetables, S. subterranea f.sp. subterranea (Sss) and S. subterranea f.sp. nasturtii (Ssn). The close taxonomic relationship of these formae speciales is based on similar cystosori morphology. The potato disease powdery scab, caused by Sss, is difficult to control. The key control measure is avoidance, aimed at planting clean seed in clean soil. For the development of routine tests for the presence of the pathogen on tubers and in soil, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) was developed using Sss cystosori as immunogen. It detected less than one Sss cystosorus and recognised Sss material from many parts of the world. No cross-reactions with other Plasmodiophoromycetes including Plasmodiophora brassicae, Polymyxa betae, Polymyxa graminis and different Streptomyces species causing common and netted scab of potatoes were observed. A novel tuber sample test method was developed using a kitchen peeling machine. This detected two tubers with one powdery scab lesion each in a sample including eighteen uninfected tubers. When soil samples spiked with cystosori were tested with the MAb, different Sss infestation levels could be discriminated. Ssn cystosori gave absorbance values in ELISA as high as Sss cystosori, whereas fresh crook roots of watercress containing Ssnzoosporangia and plasmodia or mud from an Ssninfected watercress bed gave low absorbance values or no reaction. The potential of these findings for the development of a disease control management are discussed.     

数量化理论I在土地分级中的应用

阐述了数量化理论Ⅰ应用于农业综合开发示范小区土地分级地基本原理,并运用这一理论对一个村级水平的示范小区的土地资源进行了实际分级。结果表明,应用这一方法在微地域上能客观、迅速地对土地质量作出综合评价。     

多结构参数集成学习的设施黄瓜病害智能诊断

单一特征已不能很好的描述作物病害典型特征,而生长环境参数(土壤温湿度、pH值、空气温湿度等)与病害密切相关,多结构数据学习向量化与特征最优组合能够有效提升病害诊断准确性。该研究以黄瓜白粉病、角斑病、炭疽病、菌核病4种病害50个样本为实例,融合结构化作物生长环境参数与非结构化图像特征,通过智能化物联网,对实时采集到的环境参数进行监测、分析,并将其与图像特征融合,构建多结构病害特征最优组合模型。试验结果表明,样本识别率在79.4%～93.6%,对比卷积神经网络图像识别识别率,卷积神经网络由于需要对病害图像数据进行降维,后台识别时间较高;深度迁移学习的图像识别方法,需要大量图像数据输入深度网络学习,而现实中病害图像数量不足以满足深度学习要求,因此识别率会因为样本不充分而降低;该方法借助少量图像数据,同时结合环境与专家知识资源,采用多结构参数集成学习的方法进行病害识别,在较少识别时间的基础上确保识别的准确性。     

花青素类化合物分析方法研究进展

花青素类化合物是自然界分布最广泛的水溶性色素,存在于大部分植物的花和果实中。因种类繁多、资源丰富、颜色鲜艳、安全无毒和具有多种保健功能,花青素类化合物的研究和开发利用日益受到国内外科研人员的广泛关注。为进一步明确花青素类化合物分析方法的应用范围和功能,对各种分析方法的原理、技术优缺点、适用范围以及技术联用情况进行了综述,并对其优缺点进行了分析,最后提出了完善花青素类化合物分析方法的研究方向。     

山地林道网对森林综合效益影响的计量评价

在定点观测研究山地林道网对林地土壤性质、土壤侵蚀影响的基础上 ,建立了评价山地林道网对森林综合效益影响的定量模型 ,为建立森林生态效益的补偿机制提供理论依据     

流域地貌形态特征量化研究进展

以流域地貌形态特征的量化方法为主题,分别从图纸描绘、数理统计、土壤侵蚀模型地貌因子、分形地貌等角度,详细论述了国内外流域地貌形态特征量化研究的现状及进展,阐明了当前流域地貌形态特征量化研究中存在的问题,并对其今后研究方向进行了初步探讨。     

An integrative method to quantify contaminant fluxes in the groundwater of urban areas

Background, Aims, and Scope  Groundwater in urban areas is often contaminated and emission sources can be located close to groundwater wells. The delineation of contaminant plumes is difficult because of the various potential emission sources. Thus, detection, quantification and remediation of contaminated sites in a city need more integrative approaches. Methods  A method has been developed which allows quantification of mass fluxes of contaminants in groundwater between control planes. Budget zones along the flow path are defined to calculate a contaminant balance and to quantitatively reveal input areas. Concentrations and water budgets are used to calculate mass balances for each contaminant. The city of Darmstadt (Germany) was chosen to evaluate the method. Results  The groundwater monitoring wells (GMWs) upstream of the city showed anthropogenically superposed background values for all naturally occurring inorganic species. The contaminant concentrations increased in the city (probably influenced by road traffic, gas stations, leaking sewers, etc.). Downstream from the city, concentrations usually decreased. Organic compounds typical for urban environments, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), locally exceeded drinking water regulations. In GMWs with high concentrations of organic contaminants in the city or downstream from industrial areas, a significant increase in Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ could be observed, in some cases coinciding with a decrease in NO₃, SO₄ and an increase in NH₄. Discussion  For typical urban contaminants, a positive budget was calculated in several zones, which shows that emissions from urban sources are reaching the groundwater. Negative budgets can be mainly explained with diving plumes and degradation. The input calculated from the individual budget zones is usually higher than the input estimated from urban emissions. Differences between the calculated and the estimated input can be explained with additional sources or (bio)degradation processes. Conclusions  It was confirmed that high concentrations of contaminants do not necessarily correlate with high fluxes. Integrative approaches can reveal areas of high contaminant mass input. The results obtained with the new method are plausible compared to the land use and the estimated urban input. The concentration pattern of Fe²⁺, Mn²⁺, SO₄ and NO₃ is partly due to natural processes, triggered by the degradation of organic matter and organic contaminants. Recommendations  Since this method includes mass balances and flux calculations, avoiding an overestimation of single point contaminant concentration, it is recommended to use this approach to quantify groundwater contamination in cities. Further research is focusing on the role of urban soils as natural reservoirs for the input of contaminants.     

中华蜜蜂王浆中DNA的提取方法研究

在国内外首次以中华蜜蜂新鲜王浆为材料,采用改进的苯酚-氯仿法,提取出其DNA并对其含量及纯度进行测定。结果表明:中华蜜蜂新鲜王浆中DNA的含量为66.29~105.34μg/g,平均含量为(82.95±10.39)μg/g,平均纯度(A260/A280)为1.69±0.08,以其作为模板进行RAPD-PCR扩增,扩增的条带较清晰、明亮、稳定性好。     

In vitro quantification of the reaction of barley to common root rot

An in vitro technique was used to quantify the infection level of common root rot. This disease produces a brown to black discoloration of the subcrown internodes of barley. Quantification was based on the percentage of germinated infected pieces (1.5 mm) of subcrown internodes cultured on potato dextrose agar media. The disease severity was apparent among four different visually classified categories and numerical values for each category were applied. The results were highly correlated (r = 0.97, P < 0.01) among the different in vitro experiments, indicating that this testing procedure is repeatable. Highly significant differences (P < 0.001) were found for the length of first leaf and fresh weight between plants inoculated and uninoculated with common root rot. However, the effect of inoculation on fresh weight only differed significantly (P < 0.02) among the genotypes.