大庆市碱草草场主要土壤环境因子对土壤呼吸的影响

影响土壤呼吸的因子有很多,在不同时间空间的不同生态系统其影响因子各不相同。本文研究了土壤呼吸的主要影响因子,包括地温、土壤湿度等非生物因子。发现地温、湿度是影响大庆市碱草草场土壤呼吸的主要因子,并从而建立了以地温及湿度为影响因子的土壤呼吸定量描述模型。     

Environmental effects on lutein content and relationship of lutein and other seed components in soybean

Lutein is a major carotenoid in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed, and has been shown to be beneficial for eye health in humans. Development of soybeans high in lutein is a goal of some breeding programmes. Little is known about how different growing environments affect lutein content. The objective of this study was to determine the variation of lutein and its relationship to seed protein, oil and individual fatty acids in soybean seed. Fifteen soybean genotypes were planted at four environments. There was no effect of year and planting date on lutein content in soybean seed. However, genotype × year, genotype × planting date and genotype × year × planting date were significant for lutein content. Although each genotype showed similar response across environments, lutein content varied significantly across the four growing environments in 14 of the 15 genotypes evaluated. Lutein content was not correlated with seed protein or oil and palmitic or stearic acid concentrations. However, lutein was positively correlated with oleic acid content and negatively correlated with linoleic and linolenic acids content.     

人类活动影响下的地下水脆弱性演变特征及其演变机理

由于人类活动的累计影响,地下水脆弱性不仅在空间上变化,在时间上也发生变化。本文从三个阶段对滹沱河流域地下水脆弱性进行了评价,证明了地下水脆弱性随时间的变化,并分析了其演化趋势和演化特征以及演变机理。结果表明:由于地下水的长期大量开采,使地下水脆弱性影响因素(如,地下水位埋深、包气带厚度和降雨入渗系数等)发生了变化,而使地下水脆弱性发生变化。     

城市人居环境与经济协调发展——以西安为例

城市人居环境是城市经济持续发展的重要基础和载体,城市经济是人居环境发展的坚实保障和前提。实现两者的相互协调,才是实现城市可持续发展的必由之路。城市人居环境与经济发展的协调性定量评价,是测量两者发展状态的工具,对城市健康发展具有重要的指示功能。人居环境与城市经济系统存在于整个城市生态系统中。文中尝试对城市人居环境与经济协调发展评价中所面临的问题进行分析,提出了评价体系构建的原则,建立了一套综合评价方法与模型,并将该方法应用于西安市的实证研究中。评价结果与实际情况吻合度高。最后,在综合评价指数和协调度的基础上,针对西安市发展过程中的主要问题提出一些建议。     

基于单片机的仿人多指番茄采摘机械手设计

为了降低番茄采摘过程的破碎率,提高采摘效率,实现自动化采摘过程,利用单片机和PID控制技术,设计了一种新型的仿人多指采摘机械手,并采用反馈调节控制方案设计了仿人多指机械手的控制系统。基于AT8 9 S5 2单片机构建了单手指控制器,来对机械手手指夹紧力信号进行采集和处理,并发出夹紧指令。为了测试机械手的有效性和可靠性,首先对番茄的质量尺寸相关性和电压产生的夹紧力进行了测试,通过参数调整后得到了番茄夹紧力随时间变化曲线和破碎率随时间变化曲线,最后对果实采摘的采摘时间和漏采率进行了8次试验。由测试结果可以看出:对于单颗番茄的采摘最高用时仅为2.32s,最高漏采率仅为0.42%,采摘作业效率和采摘精度均较高。     

森林类型自然保护区土壤养分综述

通过查阅大量森林生态系统类型自然保护区土壤养分方面的研究资料,综述了环境因素及人为因素对保护区森林土壤养分的影响,并对森林类保护区土壤质量评价及土壤养分相关性的研究进行了概述,以期为森林类保护区土壤的深入研究及对其保护提供指导。森林土壤养分的分布存在显著的空间异质性特征,其最终分布格局是地形、植被、土壤类型、季节变化、土壤微生物等环境及人为因素共同作用的结果。在自然生态系统下,环境因素是土壤养分差异的主要决定因素。有效的人为管理方式能促进森林土壤养分的积累,而不当的干扰则会造成养分显著流失。对土壤质量进行准确评价,能够客观了解不同土壤管理措施对土壤的影响,有助于及时调整管理措施。在保护区建立森林土壤长期定位监测站,是全面掌握保护区森林土壤养分的影响因素及其影响机制的较好途径,最终为保护区森林的持续健康经营提供理论指导。     

古人类活动对土壤发育的影响——以河南仰韶村文化遗址为例

选择在河南仰韶村文化遗址内,分别选取一个受到古人类活动干扰的土壤剖面(简称文化剖面)和没有受到古人类活动干扰的土壤剖面(简称自然剖面),通过分析和比较两个剖面中炭屑、各种氧化物含量和土壤发育指标数值,研究古人类活动对土壤发育的影响。研究结果显示,在古人类用火形成的灰烬层中,炭屑含量达到最大值2.38×105粒g-1,约为自然剖面最高值的12.35倍,这使得Si O2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O、Mg O和Na2O含量相对减少,均达到最小值,而Ca O、Mn O含量达到最大值,表明古人类用火产生大量含Ca和Mn物质;而在古人类居住形成的文化层中,除Si O2几乎无变化外,其余物质均出现最大值或达到波峰,表明古人类居住活动有利于各种氧化物的富集。文化剖面发育指标数值总体高于自然剖面,在文化剖面内,文化层和灰烬层的上覆和下伏自然土层中各种元素物质含量基本相同,表明古人类活动阻碍了各种元素物质向下迁移和聚集,使下伏自然土层保持在一个相对封闭的环境中,由此推测古人类活动基本阻碍了土壤发育进程。     

黄河三角洲景观变化中人为影响力的时空分异

利用1986,1996,2006年的遥感影像,结合GIS和图谱分析,运用地统计学方法研究现代黄河三角洲地区近20年来景观变化和人为影响力的时空变异规律,实现人为影响力的定量化和空间化,从而揭示人类开发活动的空间变异和强度分布。结果表明:①在1986,1996,2006年的3期人为影响力的实验变异函数值与理论变异函数拟合得较好,残差平方和RSS和决定系数R2的检验达到极显著水平。②黄河三角洲在近20年来的人类活动影响力在研究尺度上存在空间异质性:基台值逐年增大,人为影响力在空间上出现急剧的变化,不同地点的人为开发利用强度差异性程度加速增加;人为影响力中在600m以下小尺度上由随机因素引起的空间异质性SHR特别小,块金效应较小,而空间自相关引起的空间异质性占主要部分,在90%以上;根据各向异性条件下的变异分析,可以得出人为影响力在不同方向上具有明显的各向异性结构特征,即在不同方向上,其块金值和基台值有一定的差异,但也有相似或者相同的,说明人为影响力的各向异性同时具有几何异向性和带状异向性。③人为影响力的空间分布格局受交通线、水系、居民点和海岸线的控制明显。     

Heparanase and Syndecan-4 Are Involved in Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan-Induced Angiogenesis

Induction of angiogenesis is a potential treatment for chronic ischemia. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF), the sulfated polysaccharide from brown seaweeds, has been shown to promote revascularization in a rat limb ischemia, increasing angiogenesis in vivo. We investigated the potential role of two heparan sulfate (HS) metabolism enzymes, exostosin-2 (EXT2) and heparanase (HPSE), and of two HS-membrane proteoglycans, syndecan-1 and -4 (SDC-1 and SDC-4), in LMWF induced angiogenesis. Our results showed that LMWF increases human vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and angiogenesis in vitro. We report that the expression and activity of the HS-degrading HPSE was increased after LMWF treatment. The phenotypic tests of LMWF-treated and EXT2- or HPSE-siRNA-transfected cells indicated that EXT2 or HPSE expression significantly affect the proangiogenic potential of LMWF. In addition, LMWF increased SDC-1, but decreased SDC-4 expressions. The effect of LMWF depends on SDC-4 expression. Silencing EXT2 or HPSE leads to an increased expression of SDC-4, providing the evidence that EXT2 and HPSE regulate the SDC-4 expression. Altogether, these data indicate that EXT2, HPSE, and SDC-4 are involved in the proangiogenic effects of LMWF, suggesting that the HS metabolism changes linked to LMWF-induced angiogenesis offer the opportunity for new therapeutic strategies of ischemic diseases.     

Inhibition of A549 Lung Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Ent-Caprolactin C via the Suppression of Transforming Growth Factor-β-Induced Epithelial—Mesenchymal Transition

The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells is a crucial process in cancer cell metastasis. An Aquimarina sp. MC085 extract was found to inhibit A549 human lung cancer cell invasion, and caprolactin C (1), a new natural product, α-amino-ε-caprolactam linked to 3-methyl butanoic acid, was purified through bioactivity-guided isolation of the extract. Furthermore, its enantiomeric compound, ent-caprolactin C (2), was synthesized. Both 1 and 2 inhibited the invasion and γ-irradiation-induced migration of A549 cells. In transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-treated A549 cells, 2 inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and suppressed the EMT cell marker proteins (N-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin), as well as the related messenger ribonucleic acid expression (N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Snail, and vimentin), while compound 1 did not suppress Smad2/3 phosphorylation and the expression of EMT cell markers. Therefore, compound 2 could be a potential candidate for antimetastatic agent development, because it suppresses TGF-β-induced EMT.