Population genetic structure and diversity of the East Balkan Swine (Sus scrofa) in Bulgaria,revealed by mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses

The East Balkan Swine (EBS) is the only indigenous pig breed in Bulgaria. We analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region and 21 microsatellite loci for 198 individuals from 11 farms in Bulgaria. Obtained 11 mtDNA haplotypes including three novel ones were grouped to two major clades, European clade E1 (146/198 individuals, 73.7%) and Asian clade A (52/198, 26.3%). The mixture of the two clades may have resulted from historical crossbreeding between the European and Asian pig breeds. Clade A was frequent in southeastern Bulgaria (Burgas Province), but less frequent or absent in northeastern Bulgaria (Varna and Shumen Provinces). The distribution of Europe- and Asia-specific haplotypes relative to EBS farm locations could be attributed to regional differences of breeding systems (e.g., crossbreeding with imported commercial pigs). A microsatellite analysis showed high heterozygosities for all the EBS farms, and negative inbreeding coefficients presumably due to crossing with commercial pigs or wild boars and/or efforts to reduce inbreeding by farmers. Bayesian clustering analyses showed that all farm populations are genetically well distinguishable from one another. Although diversity has been maintained by the efforts of farmers and a breeding association, the effective population size remains small, and conservation efforts should be continued.     

Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Latreille, 1802) populations reveal genetic break in Strait of Malacca,with connectivity along southern coasts of Peninsular Malaysia

1. The mangrove horseshoe crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, has divergent populations between the east and west coasts of Peninsular Malaysia, with the southern coast acting as a land barrier. The actual position of such a genetic break along Peninsular Malaysia as well as the connectivity status of the southernmost C. rotundicauda populations with east and west coast populations remain unexplored, however.
2. The aim was to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of C. rotundicauda populations from the west (Kuala Sepetang in State Perak), east (Balok in State Pahang), and southern (Pendas in State Johor) coasts of Peninsular Malaysia. Haemolymph samples from adult C. rotundicauda specimens (n = 152) and eggs from their freshly deposited nests (n = 190) were collected monthly (from January 2016 to January 2017) for the sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).
3. Gene isolates of C. rotundicauda from the present study were compared with National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank sequences to cover most of the range of the species in Asia. A neighbour-joining tree strongly supported two clades, separating the west-coast populations from the south- and east-coast populations, with further substructure patterns.
4. Both haplotype network and barrier analyses revealed a genetic break within the Strait of Malacca instead of the southern tip of Peninsular Malaysia. The southernmost samples from the Strait of Johor formed a haplotypic diverse gene pool that appeared only as a subclade of the eastern populations. In a detailed haplotype network of 347 individuals, individuals with similar COI sequences indicate connectivity between C. rotundicauda on the east and C. rotundicauda on south and south west of Peninsular Malaysia.
5. Overall, the genetic break between C. rotundicauda populations is better explained by the convergent ocean currents and available mangrove habitats on the west coast (i.e. Strait of Malacca), rather than the point of the Malay Peninsula acting as a land barrier alone.

     

利用mtDNA控制区序列分析斑点叉尾(鮰)的遗传多样性

利用m tDNA控制区序列对1984、1997年引进的斑点叉尾鮰群体遗传多态性进行了分析。通过PCR产物测序法,测定了40尾斑点叉尾鮰线粒体DNA的一段包括部分Cytb基因、tRNAThr、tRNAPro、D-loop控制区和部分tRNAThe长度为1256 bp的核苷酸序列,经过比对分析得到7个序列单元型。7个单元型中共有13个碱基转换位点,全部发生在控制区,其序列相似度平均为99.58%。群体总的序列单元型多态性比例为17.5%,其中1997年群体的单元型多态性比例为35%,是1984年群体单元型多态性比例(15.0%)的2倍多。初步表明1984年引进的群体遗传多样性较低。     

Multiple introductions are responsible for the disjunct distributions of invasive Parthenium hysterophorus in China: evidence from nuclear and chloroplast DNA

Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive weed native to tropical and subtropical America. Since its introduction into China in 1926, this weed has been limited to southern areas (18°–25°N). However, new populations were recently reported in Shandong (35°N). The origin of this geographically isolated population remains unclear. In this study, we used inter simple sequence repeat and chloroplast DNA sequence markers ( trnQ-5'rps16 ) to investigate the genetic structure of 18 invading populations of P. hysterophorus and to examine the genetic relationship of Shandong and southern populations. Our data show that Shandong population is genetically different and has apparently higher levels of genetic diversity than most populations in southern China. Both neighbour-joining clustering and principal coordination analysis clearly separated Shandong from other populations. Chloroplast DNA sequence analysis further confirmed that the Shandong population was characterised by a unique haplotype that was not found in southern populations. We conclude that the population in Shandong may have been independently introduced from areas outside China. As P. hysterophorus has a broad potential distribution in China, attention should be paid to both international and domestic quarantine to prevent new introductions and curtail the possible hybridisation and gene flow between populations in different regions.     

STAT5b基因2个SNPs位点与京海黄鸡生长和繁殖性状的关联分析

采用PCR-SSCP方法检测京海黄鸡、AA鸡、尤溪麻鸡、边鸡4个鸡品种STAT5b基因5′调控区部分序列的多态性,并分析其对京海黄鸡生长和繁殖性状的遗传效应,利用PHASE软件对2个多态位点进行单倍型分析。在5′调控区检测到C-1591T、G-250A 2个SNPs;单倍型分析产生4种单倍型H1(CG)、H2(TG)、H3(CA)、H4(TA),单倍型组合H1H4对初生重有极显著影响(P0.01);单倍型组合H3H4与8、16周龄体重存在正相关(P0.05),单倍型组合H1H2对开产蛋重有极显著影响(P0.01);单倍型组合H3H4的开产体重极显著高于其他单倍型组合(P0.01);在300日龄体重上,单倍型组合H1H1和H1H3显著高于H4H4(P0.05)。京海黄鸡STAT5b基因5′调控区的多态性对其生长和繁殖性状有一定影响,但是否可以作为影响京海黄鸡生产性状的遗传标记需进一步研究。     

UCP2基因遗传多态性与西门塔尔牛生长相关性状的遗传效应分析

本研究旨在分析UCP2基因SNPs及其单倍型与肉牛饲料转化率和体尺等生长相关性状的相关性。以118头西门塔尔牛为试验材料,利用DNA池和PCR-RFLP方法检测UCP2基因G118A、C161T、C215G、C305T位点多态性,构建单倍型并与生长性状进行相关分析。结果表明,G118A、C161T和C305T位点均与饲料转化率显著相关(P<0.05),其中杂合个体均值显著高于纯合个体且料肉比较高,而纯合个体之间差异不显著。位点C161T和C305T对胸围和腹围发挥主要影响作用,在差异显著表型性状中,TT基因型显著大于CC基因型个体。所构建的单倍型与单个SNP分析结果较为一致。综合考虑饲料转化率、平均日增体质量、胸围和腹围,建议将C161T和C305T位点的纯合个体TT基因型作为提高肉牛生长性状的候选分子标记。     

东亚4个黑山羊群体mtDNA D-环遗传多样性及其起源

为了研究地方山羊品种的起源与分化,了解其遗传背景,为山羊资源的合理利用提供基础资料,利用PCR产物直接测序法对3个中国黑山羊群体和1个韩国黑山羊群体共39个个体的mtDNAD-环部分序列进行了测定和分析。测定的序列经排列比对后选取441bp分析,发现了55个多态位点,单一多态位点11个,简约信息位点44个,确定了29种单倍型,单倍型多样度为0.984。构建系统发育树将29种单倍型分成了明显的3个分支,角猾羊聚入A分支。同时利用群体间的单倍型的错配分布和遗传距离分析了各群体的亲缘关系。结果表明:4个黑山羊群体遗传多样性丰富,至少拥有3个不同的母系起源,角猾羊是家山羊的一个母系祖先。     

谷子种子白发病菌带菌检测及种群多态性分析

为检测不同地区谷子种子携带白发病菌Sclerospora graminicola的情况以及种群多态性,以我国谷子不同主产区收集的95份代表性谷子品种种子为材料,提取种子基因组DNA并作模板,利用白发病菌28S rRNA序列设计特异性引物进行PCR扩增,将所获得的PCR产物测序后与白发病菌28S rRNA序列进行比对。结果表明,特异性引物Sg-28S-403-F/Sg-28S-1221-R对白发病菌具有高度的特异性,扩增出819 bp的特异性目标片段,有效检测灵敏度为0.125 ng/μL。在95份谷子种子中,26份种子检测出特异性扩增条带,所有扩增条带对应序列与白发病菌28S rRNA序列的相似性达98%以上,并且带菌种子全部来自春谷区。分析26份阳性样品的28S rRNA序列,得到58个变异位点和34种单倍型,其中单倍型SG2出现频率最高,内蒙古、陕西、山西、河北和辽宁省区的白发病菌都具有该单倍型,表明不同地理来源的白发病菌28S rRNA序列存在差异,SG2为优势单倍型。     

中国荷斯坦牛CXCR1基因第二外显子新SNPs与乳腺炎的关联分析

通过研究中国荷斯坦牛趋化因子受体1(Chemokine(C-X-C motif)receptor1,CXCR1)基因多态性与乳腺炎间的相关性,找到对乳腺炎性状有显著影响的基因型和单倍型组合,为从遗传角度上解决奶牛乳腺炎问题提供参考。采用巢氏PCR、DNA测序和CRS-PCR-RFLP方法,对中国荷斯坦牛的CXCR1外显子2进行遗传多态性研究,分别利用SHEsis软件和PHASE软件进行配对连锁不平衡分析和单倍型分析。结果表明,找到了4个新SNPs,分别为291(C/T)、333(C/T)、337(A/G)和365(C/T)。各SNPs与中国荷斯坦牛体细胞评分(SCS)和产奶量的关联分析表明:337(A/G)和365(C/T)位点的等位基因G、C均为低SCS、高产奶量的优秀等位基因;另外,H3 H7(CCCTGGCC)单倍型杂合个体为低SCS、高产奶量的优秀单倍型组合。CXCR1基因的单倍型H3 H7(CCCTGGCC)在SCS和产奶量方面是优良的单倍型,可作为选择抗乳腺炎的分子标记。     

焦磷酸测序鉴别猪线粒体细胞色素b基因单倍型

为了鉴别猪线粒体细胞色素 b(cytochrom e B,cyt b)基因单倍型 ,选择 9个不同品种共 4 15头猪作为试验材料 ,采用实时 DNA测序新方法焦磷酸测序 ,分析了 cyt b单核苷酸多态性 (single nucleotide polymorphism s,SNPs)。分析结果显示 3种不同单倍型 E、A1和 A2。除 1头临高猪属于单倍型 A2外 ,其他 6个中国地方品种猪均属于单倍型A1;瑞典长白猪和大白猪存在单倍型 E和 A1,而皮特兰猪存在单倍型 E和 A2。此外 ,基于焦磷酸测序 ,在通城猪中发现了 1个新的 SNP位点。