Sequence Polymorphisms and Phylogenetic Relationships of hina Gene in Wild Barley from Tibet, China

The hina gene encodes a HINA protein in seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare), which was known to affect the grain hardness. 171 hina gene sequences from Tibetan wild barley accessions and worldwide were characterized. Across 1 452 nucleotides of 171 hina genes, 152 SNPs were detected, giving an average frequency of one SNP per 9.5 bases. There were 93 singleton variable sites (the nucleotide polymorphism only observed in a single accession), 59 polymorphic sites (the polymorphisms found in two or more accessions) and 8 indels. A total of 18 haplotypes were defined, and most of the barley accessions shared one gene haplotype. H. spontaneum had a wider haplotype distribution. Through the analysis of median-joining network of the 18 haplotypes, 4 haplotype groups were found, which were testified by neighbor-joining tree based on the complete sequence alignment. Extremely low level of hina gene diversity was observed in Tibetan wild barley accessions, indicating that Tibet is unlikely a center of origin for cultivated barley.     

基于线粒体DNA控制区（mtDNA Dloop）序列分析瓢鸡的遗传多样性

 采用PCR产物直接测序技术对云南省镇沅县50只瓢鸡样品的线粒体DNA控制区（mtDNA D loop）第Ⅰ高变区序列进行了分析。结果表明：在所分析的Dloop区序列中（520bp）,T,C,A,G平均含量分别为30.4%,29.6%,27.4%,12.6%;共检测到27个核苷酸多态位点,其中24个为转换,3个为颠换,序列突变率为5.19 %;序列存在13种单倍型,单倍型多样度(H)为0.883±0.028,核苷酸多样度(π值) 为0.01503±0.00099,表明瓢鸡群体内遗传变异较丰富。瓢鸡样品可划分为A,B,E,F,G等5个世系,在NJ无根系统树上聚为5大枝,揭示瓢鸡在遗传组成上具有5个母系血统来源。     

Polymorphisms and haplotypes of the myostatin gene associated with growth in juvenile red sea bream Pagrus major

Polymorphisms of the myostatin gene (MSTN) have been studied in vertebrates including several aquaculture species, revealing their role in growth. We attempted to identify polymorphisms in MSTN associated with growth traits of juvenile farmed red sea bream Pagrus major, an important cultured fish species in Japan. Polymorphisms in the coding region of MSTN were screened, and six polymorphisms were found among three exons: a deletion in exon 1, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 2 and four SNPs in exon 3. The deletion in exon 1 eliminated a codon (glutamine) from the region comprising the polyglutamine structure, but all SNPs were synonymous. We analysed the polymorphisms for association with growth phenotype in large and small P. major specimens obtained from commercial production at 50 days post hatching. Two SNPs located in exon 3 (c.+846T>C and c.+1140T>C) were significantly more frequent in the large group, while no SNPs were significantly associated with the small phenotype. Haplotypes were reconstructed using genotype information of the two phenotype groups, and nine haplotypes (Hap_1 to Hap_9) were successfully reconstructed. Hap_6 and Hap_7 were significantly more often observed in small and large groups respectively. Analysis of diplotypes (haplotype combinations) of individual specimens revealed 19 diplotypes. The Hap_7/Hap_7 diplotype was found in 46.7% of large phenotype specimens, significantly more frequently than in the small group (13.5%). These results will be useful for marker‐assisted selection of red sea bream to improve production with respect to growth.     

焦磷酸测序鉴别猪线粒体细胞色素b基因单倍型

为了鉴别猪线粒体细胞色素 b(cytochrom e B,cyt b)基因单倍型 ,选择 9个不同品种共 4 15头猪作为试验材料 ,采用实时 DNA测序新方法焦磷酸测序 ,分析了 cyt b单核苷酸多态性 (single nucleotide polymorphism s,SNPs)。分析结果显示 3种不同单倍型 E、A1和 A2。除 1头临高猪属于单倍型 A2外 ,其他 6个中国地方品种猪均属于单倍型A1;瑞典长白猪和大白猪存在单倍型 E和 A1,而皮特兰猪存在单倍型 E和 A2。此外 ,基于焦磷酸测序 ,在通城猪中发现了 1个新的 SNP位点。     

谷子SiPRR37基因对光温、非生物胁迫的响应特点及其有利等位变异鉴定

从谷子品种延谷11号克隆生物钟基因SiPRR37,通过生物信息学分析、组织特异性表达分析、4种不同光温组合条件的昼夜表达模式分析以及对NaCl、ABA、PEG、低温、Fe 5种非生物胁迫的响应特点分析,揭示SiPRR37参与谷子光温互作调控以及应对非生物胁迫的作用机制;并对160份谷子材料重测序检测SiPRR37基因的突变位点进行单倍型分析,探究该基因对谷子主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明,SiPRR37基因蛋白质编码区(sequence coding for amino acids in protein,CDS)全长2247 bp,编码748个氨基酸,含有REC和CCT 2个结构域,基于PRR37蛋白的系统进化分析发现,谷子与糜子、高粱、玉米亲缘关系最近;启动子预测分析发现,SiPRR37启动子区存在光、温、生长素、赤霉素、脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯、干旱和盐胁迫等多种应答元件。SiPRR37相对表达量从高到低依次为根、穗颈、穗、顶叶、次顶叶、茎秆;4个光温组合条件SiPRR37均只在光照期出现1个表达峰,无论高温(27℃)还是低温(22℃),短日照相比长日照表达峰均要提前,无论长日照还是短日照,低温(22℃)相比高温(27℃)表达峰均要提前;NaCl、低温(15℃)胁迫能够抑制SiPRR37表达,PEG模拟干旱胁迫和Fe胁迫能够诱导SiPRR37基因表达,SiPRR37参与了ABA信号传导过程。位于SiPRR37 CDS区的10个SNP将160份谷子材料分为19个单倍型,其中3个单倍型(Hap_7、Hap_10、Hap_19)是改善穗部性状的有利单倍型。谷子SiPRR37基因表达具有昼夜节律性,同时受光周期和温度调控,并且参与了谷子对盐胁迫、低温胁迫、干旱胁迫和铁胁迫的应答反应,同时SiPRR37与抽穗期和多个穗部性状相关,在开展谷子高产分子辅助选育中具有一定应用潜力。     

柑橘CCD基因家族鉴定及CcCCD4a对果肉颜色的影响

【目的】研究类胡萝卜素裂解双加氧酶（CCD）基因家族在柑橘基因组中的分布、结构及进化,对CcCCD4a在果肉颜色形成过程中的表达及其在不同果肉颜色的柑橘种质中的基因型进行研究,为开发用于果肉颜色的分子辅助育种标记奠定基础。【方法】根据已报道的CCD,采用同源比对法检索柑橘基因组中的CCD家族基因（CcCCD）。采用生物信息学软件构建系统进化树,进行亚细胞定位预测,预测蛋白质的相对分子质量与等电点（pI）等理化性质,预测保守motif,绘制家族基因Scaffold定位图。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术（qRT-PCR）分析CcCCD4a在柑橘果实颜色发育过程中的表达模式,利用测序技术鉴定30个柑橘品种的CcCCD4a基因型,采用Tassel软件进行单倍型分析。【结果】从克里曼丁橘（Citrus clementina）基因组中鉴定出14个CcCCD基因家族成员,可将其分为5个亚家族,即CcCCD1、CcCCD4、CcCCD7、CcCCD8和CcNCED。该家族蛋白理论等电点分布在6.05—8.53,编码氨基酸数目介于412—611个;亚细胞定位预测结果显示该基因家族成员主要位于叶绿体和细胞质中;聚类分析发现,CCD8亚家族与其他家族成员遗传距离较远,柑橘中各CCD均能在其他物种中找到同源基因;Scaffold定位分析发现,14个CCD家族成员成员分布在除5号Scafflod外的所有Scafflod上,且分布不均匀。对10个柑橘品种在4个时期的果肉色泽进行表型鉴定,随着果实趋于成熟,果肉的色调角（h）逐步下降,果肉颜色逐步加深;CcCCD4a在不同柑橘品种中相对表达量存在显著差异,果肉颜色为浓橙红色的品种CcCCD4a表达量显著低于果肉为橙色或浅橙黄色的品种(P<0.05),CcCCD4a相对表达量与色调角呈显著正相关(P<0.05);对30个柑橘品种进行测序分析,发现单倍型hap-1、hap-4和hap-5为果肉浓橙红色品种优势单倍型。【结论】‘克里曼丁’橘包含14个CCD基因家族成员,各成员均含有RPE65保守结构域,并定位于细胞的不同位置,分布在不同的Scaffold上。CcCCD4a参与柑橘果肉颜色的形成,其基因相对表达量与果肉色调角呈显著正相关,可作为潜在的柑橘果实颜色的辅助育种标记,尤其是单倍型hap-1、hap-4、hap-5与果肉红色的关联度较高,对颜色育种的早期杂种群体筛选有一定帮助。     

入侵我国中南三省(区)草地贪夜蛾的单倍体型和群体遗传结构分析

【目的】揭示入侵我国中南三省(区)的草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda种群间可能存在的遗传变异,探讨其入侵来源、入侵路线和扩散方式,为制定有效控制和阻击草地贪夜蛾的方案提供理论依据和遗传信息。【方法】利用分子标记技术从线粒体DNA和核DNA角度研究草地贪夜蛾种群的遗传多样性和种群结构。对采集自我国广东、广西和湖南3个省(区)的草地贪夜蛾,利用COI和Tpi基因片段进行了单倍体型分析,利用9个微卫星标记分析种群间的遗传结构和遗传多样性。【结果】供试样品中,除了湖南张家界群体有2个样品为COI玉米型单倍体型、1个样品为杂合型,其他群体的个体均为COI水稻型单倍体型。基于SSR标记的群体遗传分析结果表明,被检测的群体遗传多样性较巴西等国家的美洲群体低,各群体遗传分化不明显。广东东莞群体与湖南张家界群体的遗传距离最近,与广西南宁群体的遗传距离较远。【结论】遗传距离与实际距离之间不一定呈正相关,通过遗传结构的分析有助于推测草地贪夜蛾扩散过程中,天气背景场、地理隔离和人为传播各自所起的作用。入侵湖南省张家界的草地贪夜蛾出现了低频率COI玉米型和高频率的CO I水稻型单倍体型,说明虫源的非单一性;草地贪夜蛾在入侵地定殖时间较短,目前未形成明显的遗传分化。     

谷子种子白发病菌带菌检测及种群多态性分析

为检测不同地区谷子种子携带白发病菌Sclerospora graminicola的情况以及种群多态性,以我国谷子不同主产区收集的95份代表性谷子品种种子为材料,提取种子基因组DNA并作模板,利用白发病菌28S rRNA序列设计特异性引物进行PCR扩增,将所获得的PCR产物测序后与白发病菌28S rRNA序列进行比对。结果表明,特异性引物Sg-28S-403-F/Sg-28S-1221-R对白发病菌具有高度的特异性,扩增出819 bp的特异性目标片段,有效检测灵敏度为0.125 ng/μL。在95份谷子种子中,26份种子检测出特异性扩增条带,所有扩增条带对应序列与白发病菌28S rRNA序列的相似性达98%以上,并且带菌种子全部来自春谷区。分析26份阳性样品的28S rRNA序列,得到58个变异位点和34种单倍型,其中单倍型SG2出现频率最高,内蒙古、陕西、山西、河北和辽宁省区的白发病菌都具有该单倍型,表明不同地理来源的白发病菌28S rRNA序列存在差异,SG2为优势单倍型。     

利用集群分离分析结合高密度芯片快速定位小麦成株期抗条锈病基因YrC271

由国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)培育的春小麦高代选系C271对小麦条锈病保持抗性近40年。为明确C271的抗条锈病遗传组分,利用感病品种晋麦79与C271杂交构建含有229个F2:3家系的遗传群体,并于2019年在陕西杨凌和四川江油进行成株期病害调查。运用集群分离分析(BSA)结合高密度660K芯片策略在3B染色体短臂上快速挖掘出大量的与抗病关联的SNP,利用等位基因特异的定量PCR标记(AQP)进行验证并作图,成功检测到一个效应值较大的QTL,可解释表型变异为22.7%～30.8%,暂命名为YrC271,位于标记AX-109001377和AX-111087256之间,约1.9cM,对应的物理距离1.9Mb。利用已公布的小麦基因组信息对该区间进行比较基因组分析,结果表明,与中国春基因组相比,不同材料间存在小片段的插入以及倒位现象,但总体共线性良好。同时利用1484份小麦660K分型数据对该区间进行单倍型分析,总体可分为5种区间单倍型,其中C271所在的单倍型组的抗性优于其他组。虽然C271不含有Yr30和Yr58连锁标记的阳性片段,但从相对遗传位置、条锈病抗性表现以及育种系谱看,...     

Population Genetic Analysis of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici in Qinghai Province,China

To gain more precise information about molecular genetic variation for wild populations of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici from Qinghai Province, China, 38 single-colony isolates were purified from samples collected from Haidong District, Xining City and Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in 2010. The virulence of 21 isolates among them was tested at seedling stage on 34 wheat cultivars（lines） carrying known powdery mildew（Pm） resistant genes. The results showed that V1 a, V3 a, V3 c, V3 e, V5 a, V6, V7, V8 and V19 had high virulence frequencies（〉75%）, indicating a wide distribution; and V1 c, V5 b, V12, V13, V16, V21, VXBD, V2＋6, V2＋Mld and V4＋8, with less distribution, appeared to be lower in frequencies（0-20%）. The Nei＇s gene diversity（H）, Shannon＇s information index（I） and the percentage of polymorphic loci（P） were 0.23, 0.35 and 67.65%, respectively, which revealed a virulent diversity. The results from single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs） of 38 isolates showed that three housekeeping genes were found to contain a total of 9 SNP sites. 10 haplotypes（H1-H10） were inferred from the concatenated sequences, with 1 haplotype（H1） comprising of over 55% of Qinghai population. Phylogenic analysis did not show obvious geographical subdivision between the isolates. A multilocus haplotype network presented a radial structure, with H1 in the central as an inferred ancestor. Using analysis of molecular variance（AMOVA）, we found 1.63% of the total variation was among populations and 98.37% within populations, with a low fixations index（FST=0.01634, P〈0.05）. This revealed a relatively high genetic diversity but a low genetic divergence in Qinghai population. Moreover, the molecular data on gene flow（Nm=6.32） confirmed the migration of pathogen populations among areas in Qinghai Province.